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Figure 16. A-C in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 16. A-C, Macropora levinseni Brown, Recent, New Zealand, NIWA. A, partly bleached ovicell, viewed laterally. B, interior of brooding cavity, showing bases of ooecial costae overgrown by cryptocyst; gymnocystal ovicell floor is below. C, ovicell upside down, showing the pores in its floor. D-F, Macropora polymorpha (Philipps). Recent, New Zealand, NIWA. D, developing ovicell, showing gymnocystal floor and intercostal spaces with cryptocystal fabric. E, upside-down ovicell, showing the kenozooidal supporting zooid (top) and peripheral pores in the ovicell floor. F, part of the developing ovicell, showing costal coelomic lumina connected with lacunae in the cryptocystal matrix. Scale bars: A, D = 500 Mm; B, F = 100 Mm; C, E = 200 Mm.
Figure 2. Heteroecium amplectens Hincks, NHM 99.5.1.702 in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 2. Heteroecium amplectens Hincks, NHM 99.5.1.702, Recent, Western Australia. A, part of a colony with several nonbrooding zooids and one brooding zooidal complex. B, brooding zooidal complex. C, brooding zooidal complex from below (distal to the right); openings of the costae surround the floor of brood chamber. D, membranous area with two appendages in the brood-chamber floor; a communication pore in the transverse wall between the maternal zooid and distal kenozooiod can be seen in the left lower corner. Scale bars: A, C = 100 Mm; B, D = 50 Mm.
Figure 11. A-C in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 11. A-C, Monoporella sp. 1, Recent, Japan, Pacific Ocean, GSUH. A, oblique lateral view of bleached colony fragment with an ovicell; note distal fissures and large foramina. B, internal ooecial wall, showing fused costae and slits between their bases covered with cryptocyst. C, broken costal bases embedded in cryptocyst. D-F, Monoporella nodulifera (Hincks), Recent, Australia; unbleached broken ovicell roof upside down; membranous walls are seen on both sides, as well as three flattened costae covered by cryptocyst which is pierced by canals; cryptocystal insertions with pores are seen between the costae. Scale bars: A = 200 Mm; B, D, E, F = 50 Mm; C = 10 Mm.
Figure 5. A, B in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 5. A, B, Unidistelopora krauseae (Voigt & Schneemilch), Lower Campanian, northern Germany, VC T10580. A, maternal zooid with ovicell and intramural bud. B, ovicell spine bases arranged in a semicircle along a ridge on the proximal gymnocyst of the distal zooid. C-F, Gilbertopora larwoodi Ostrovsky & Taylor, Lower Cenomanian, Cambridge, England. C, complete ovicell of two flattened spines; NHM D23297. D, complete ovicell viewed from the side, showing a lateral foramen; NHM D23298. E, complete ovicell in proximal view, showing the main opening of the ovicell; NHM D23298. F, complete ovicell in distal view, showing the distal opening; NHM D23298. Scale bars: A = 100 Mm; B-F = 50 Mm.
Figure 23 in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 23. Schematic diagrams of brood chambers in Monoporellidae (A, C, D) and Macroporidae (B, E) in longitudinal and transverse section, showing maternal and distal zooids; cryptocystal ooecial matrix is shadowed. A, Monoporella sp. 1. B, Macropora sp. 1 and M. cribrilifera (transverse section made through cryptocystal (left) and gymnocystal (right) components of the ribs). C, Monoporella sp. 2. D, Monoporella nodulifera. E, Macropora levinseni.
Figure 15. A, B in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 15. A, B, Macropora sp. 1., Lower Miocene, Auckland, New Zealand. A, colony with one complete and one damaged ovicell; NHM BZ5202. B, broken ovicell; NHM BZ5203. C, Macropora sp. 2, Recent, Cavalli Seamounts, New Zealand, NIWA. Ovicell from the inside, showing gymnocystal costal surfaces and intercostal spaces with cryptocystal fabric and fissures between them. D-F, Macropora uttleyi López de la Cuadra & García Gómez, Recent, Cavalli Seamounts, Pacific Ocean, NIWA. D, ovicellate zooid. E, broken ovicell, showing gymnocystal floor and inner costal surfaces. F, detail of ovicell interior, showing flat-surfaced costae and intercostal spaces with pores and cryptocystal fabric. Scale bars: A = 500 Mm; B, C = 100 Mm; D, E = 200 Mm; F = 50 Mm.
Figure 10. A, B in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 10. A, B, Monoporella multilamellosa (Canu & Bassler), Eocene, North Carolina, USA, NHM BZ4860. A, complete ovicell consisting of two flattened and expanded spines overgrown distally by a narrow fringe of cryptocyst; note lateral foramina. B, broken ovicell exposing gymnocystal floor and showing the medial gap between the bases of the two ovicell spines. C-F, Monoporella sp. 2, Recent, Alaska. C, bleached colony fragment with two complete ovicells and lateral foramen arrowed; MNHN 2856–7(b). D, unbleached ovicell; MNHN 2856–7(a). E, broken costa showing coelomic lumen; MNHN 2856–7(b). F, oblique view showing gymnocystal internal surface of ovicell; note limit of the cryptocystal expansion from the outer ovicell surface, and longitudinal grooves; MNHN 2856–7(b). Scale bars: A, B, E, F = 100 Mm; C = 500 Mm; D = 200 Mm.
Figure 1. Tendra zostericola Nordmann, NHM 11.10.1.489 in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 1. Tendra zostericola Nordmann, NHM 11.10.1.489, Recent, Black Sea. A, part of a colony with both brooding and nonbrooding zooids. B, brooding zooid with overlapping frontal spines. C, partially formed brood chamber (left) and brooding zooid with spines developed only on one side (right). D, sparse mural spines in nonbrooding zooid (lower right) and three brooding zooids with different variants of the frontal spine arrangement. Scale bars: A = 250 Mm; B = 100 Mm; C = 125 Mm; D = 150 Mm.
Figure 22 in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 22. Schematic diagrams of brood chambers in Monoporellidae (A-C), Cribrilinidae (D, E) in longitudinal and transverse section, showing maternal and distal zooids (fossil spinose ovicells reconstructed). A, Stichomicropora spp. with articulated ovicell spine bases; B, Stichimicropora baccata. C, Monoporella multilamellosa. D, Leptocheilopora spp. E, Bellulopora bellula.
Figure 3 in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 3. Distelopora bipilata Lang, Lower Cenomanian, Cambridge, England. A, part of a colony with several nonovicellate autozooids and one broken ovicell, NHM D21883. B, ovicell spine bases forming a semicircle, NHM D21881. C, ovicell spine bases at some distance from the mural rim, NHM D21881. D, ovicell spine bases forming a gentle arch. Medial spines are adjacent to the proximal edge of the mural rim of the distal zooid, NHM BZ4958. Scale bars: A = 100 Mm; B–D = 50 Mm.
Figure 14. A–C in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 14. A–C, Macropora cribrilifera Maplestone, Lower Miocene, South Australia, NMV P311815. A, ovicell in oblique frontal view. B, ovicell viewed from the distal side (orifice of distal zooid bottom centre). C, lateral view of ovicell, showing intercostal slits and pores. D-F, Macropora waimatukuensis (Uttley). CM zb51,?Miocene, Southland, New Zealand. D, complete ovicell; note calcified opercula in distal and two lateral zooids. E, complete and broken ovicells. F, proximal part of ovicell showing cryptocystal costal fabric. Scale bars: A-D = 200 Mm; E = 500 Mm; F = 100 Mm.
Figure 21 in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 21. Schematic diagrams of brood chambers in Tendridae (A, B) and Calloporidae (C-E) in longitudinal and transverse section, showing maternal and distal zooids (fossil spinose ovicells reconstructed). A, Tendra zostericola. B, Heteroecium sp. C, Distelopora bipilata and D. langi. D, Distelopora spinifera, Unidistelopora krauseae. E, Gilbertopora larwoodi.
Figure 7. A, B in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 7. A, B, Stichomicropora marginula (Brydone), Coniacian, Kent, England, NHM D44609. A, part of colony with ovicellate and nonovicellate zooids. B, maternal zooid with ovicell preserved as a gently curved, distally convex arch of spine bases. C, D, Stichomicropora sp. 1, Campanian, Norwich, England, NHM D42263. C, several fertile zooids with ovicells represented by spine bases arranged in distally concave or distally convex gentle arches, or in a straight line. D, view centred on a damaged part of a colony with distally convex rows of ovicell spine bases (upper left and upper right) and a distally concave row (bottom right). E, F, Stichomicropora sp. 2, Campanian, Clarendon, England, NHM D46004. E, edge of colony, showing three ovicells, represented by gently curved, distally convex arches of spine bases, in zooids with broken frontal shields. F, ovicell spine bases and floor. Scale bars: A = 500 Mm; B, F = 100 Mm; C, E = 250 Mm; D = 200 Mm.
Figure 17 in Brood chambers constructed from spines in fossil and Recent cheilostome bryozoans
Figure 17. Macropora levinseni Brown, Recent, New Zealand. A, longitudinal section of an ovicell, showing costal lumen (arrowed) and zooidal operculum (right of arrow). B, saggital section of ovicell with embryo, showing attachments (arrowed) of the internal membranous ooecial wall to the calcified part of the ooecium; note thick external membranous ooecial wall. Scale bars = 100 Mm.
Figure 2 in Cladistic analysis and a revised classification of fossil and recent mysticetes
Figure 2. Previously proposed phylogenies of extinct mysticetes previously referred to Cetotheriidae. A, cladogram from Geisler & Sanders (2003). B, proposed phylogeny from Sanders & Barnes (2002a). C, cladogram from Geisler & Luo (1996). D, cladogram from Kimura & Ozawa (2002). E, cladogram from Bouetel & de Muizon (2006). In the case where the taxon is listed as [Odontoceti], the order was represented by two to several species/genera of odontocetes in the original analyses.
Continent-wide recent emergence of a global pathogen in African amphibians
<p>These datasets are associated with the study entitled, "Continent-wide recent emergence of a global pathogen in African amphibians." In this study we describe the historical and recent biogeographical spread of a fungal pathogen of amphibians, <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em> (<em>Bd</em>) and assess its risk to amphibians across the continent of Africa.</p> <p>The larger combined file, "AfricaBd_CombinedFile_LitReview_BdMaps_GhoseData.xlsx", contains <em>Bd</em> occurrence records processed by the authors of the study (N=4,623) and previously published records (N=12,297). Of the previously published records, 12,234 records came from studies reporting both <em>Bd</em>-negative and <em>Bd</em>-positive records (i.e. prevalence) that we used along with our data (N=4,623) to assess emergence of <em>Bd</em> in African amphibians.</p> <p>The file "AfricaBd_Ghosedata_Hirschfelddata_ZimkusCameroondata.xlsx" contains all georeferenced <em>Bd </em>records collected by the authors of this study, data from Hirschfeld et al. 2016, and data for Cameroon from Zimkus et al. 2020. This file includes more metadata including amphibian species tested, and includes infection intensity data detected by qPCR for <em>Bd</em>-positive records.</p> <p>Using these datasets we document a pattern of <em>Bd </em>emergence beginning largely at the turn of the century (the year 2000). From 1852–1999, we found low <em>Bd</em> prevalence (3.2% overall) and limited geographic spread, but after 2000 we documented a sharp increase in prevalence (18.7% overall), wider geographic spread, and our genotyping revealed multiple <em>Bd </em>lineages with indications of hybridization. Our habitat suitability model showed that <em>Bd</em> risk to amphibians was highest in much of eastern, central, and western Africa. Our study documents a largely overlooked yet significant increase in a fungal pathogen that could pose a threat to amphibians across an entire continent. We emphasize the need to bridge historical and contemporary datasets to better describe and predict host-pathogen dynamics over larger temporal scales.</p> <p> </p>
Increased risk of near term global warming due to a recent AMOC weakening
<p>This archive contains data from the IPSL-CM6A-LR ensemble of extended historical simulations dataset used in the main Figure of the publication: Bonnet et al., 2021, Nature Communication, "Increased risk of near term global warming due to a recent AMOC weakening".</p> <p>Corresponding authors: Rémy Bonnet, rbonnet@ipsl.fr</p> <p>Description of the archive:</p> <p>- Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC in Sv) time series calculated as the maximum of the Atlantic meridional stream function at 20°N-50°N (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ef334a8a-da6b-4d36-8c10-771b56f1d036/AMOC_IPSL-EHS_1850-2059.nc?versionId=46314962-c295-4dfb-a226-1baecb465a25">AMOC_IPSL-EHS_1850-2059.nc </a>and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ef334a8a-da6b-4d36-8c10-771b56f1d036/AMOC_yr_IPSL-EHS_1900-2018.nc?versionId=df94c491-bfa9-4ec6-9a79-4ad9af989b59">AMOC_yr_IPSL-EHS_1900-2018.nc</a>)</p> <p>- Global near-Surface Air Temperature (GSAT in K) time series (<a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ef334a8a-da6b-4d36-8c10-771b56f1d036/GSAT_IPSL-EHS_1850-2059.nc?versionId=dfd7f22e-f143-4c7c-911e-8d991a929dfd">GSAT_IPSL-EHS_1850-2059.nc </a>and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ef334a8a-da6b-4d36-8c10-771b56f1d036/GSAT_yr_IPSL-EHS_1900-2018.nc?versionId=42b02149-0a08-40c1-b8d1-5f3cb6293878">GSAT_yr_IPSL-EHS_1900-2018.nc</a>)</p> <p>- Time series of the four AMOC fingerprints used:</p> <ul> <li>Sea Surface Temperature over the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre (K): <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ef334a8a-da6b-4d36-8c10-771b56f1d036/SST_SPG_NAtl_relative_GlobalSST_IPSL-EHS_1900-2018.nc?versionId=b912c68a-8092-413f-8664-1cd3137bd1dd">SST_SPG_NAtl_relative_GlobalSST_IPSL-EHS_1900-2018.nc</a></li> <li>The Atlantic Multidecadal Variability index (K): <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ef334a8a-da6b-4d36-8c10-771b56f1d036/AMV_idx_historical_IPSL-CM6A-LR_1900-2018.nc">AMV_idx_historical_IPSL-CM6A-LR_1900-2018.nc </a></li> <li>A new index based on the (0-700 m) Ocean Heat Content in (10<sup>-9</sup> J.m<sup>-2</sup>): <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ef334a8a-da6b-4d36-8c10-771b56f1d036/Delta_OHC_idx_IPSL-EHS_1940-2018.nc?versionId=50f1509e-2bbc-4acc-a16f-2a36a5f76bcd">Delta_OHC_idx_IPSL-EHS_1940-2018.nc</a></li> <li>The difference between the Northern and the Southern Hemisphere anomalies of near-surface air temperature (K): <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/ef334a8a-da6b-4d36-8c10-771b56f1d036/DITA_yr_IPSL-EHS_1900-2018.nc?versionId=c788c84b-a295-40e4-b5e6-82b386126bec">DITA_yr_IPSL-EHS_1900-2018.nc </a></li> </ul> <p>The netcdf files provided the time series described above for each of the 32 members of the IPSL ensemble ranked from the member 1 to the member 32. Note that the member 2 is not available over the 2030-2059 period. The AMOC and GSAT files covering the 1850-2059 period are therefore composed of 31 members instead of 32, with the second member corresponding to member 3 and so on. A description of the AMOC fingerprints can be found in the associated publication.</p> <p> </p> <p><br> </p>
Modeling the recent drought and thinning impacts on energy, water and carbon fluxes in a boreal forest
<p>This dataset includes the data used for model calibration and validation, as well as the simulation files with accepted runs, which are available for the readers to re-generate the results of this work. The *.bin files are the data for driving the model and for calibration and validation. They are specifically in the format for the CoupModel. Therefore, to check the data the CoupModel software needs to be installed. </p> <p>Additionally, we provide the software for CoupModel, which the readers could install on local computers to check the simulations. For detailed instructions on how to run CoupModel, please visit the CoupModel website www.coupmodel.com.</p>
Dataset presented in the recently submitted AGU manuscript "Constraining the crustal and mantle conductivity structures beneath islands by a joint inversion of multi-source magnetic transfer functions"
<p>Dataset (observed tippers, solar quiet global-to-local transfer functions, and global Q responses) presented in the recently submitted AGU manuscript "Constraining the crustal and mantle conductivity structures beneath islands by a joint inversion of multi-source magnetic transfer functions".</p>
Watching with Argus Eyes: Characterization of emotional and physiological responding in adults exposed to childhood maltreatment and/or recent adversity
<p><em>Background:</em><br> Exposure to adverse experiences is a well-established major risk factor for affective psychopathology. The vulnerability of deleterious sequelae is assumed in maladaptive processes of the defensive system, particularly in emotional processing. More specifically, childhood maltreatment has been suggested to be associated with the recruitment of specific and distinct defensive response profiles. To date it remains unclear whether these are specific or generalisable to recent adversity in adulthood.</p> <p><br> <em>Method:</em><br> This preregistered study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to childhood and recent adversity on emotional processing in 685 healthy adults with the “Affective Startle Modulation” Paradigm (ASM).</p> <p><br> <em>Results:</em><br> First, we replicated higher trait anxiety and depression levels in individuals exposed to both types of adversity. Second, we observed blunted general skin conductance reactivity in individuals exposed to recent adversity. Third, individuals <em>exposed to childhood maltreatment</em> showed reduced, while individuals <em>exposed to recent adversity</em> showed increased discrimination between pictures of negative and neutral valence, compared to non-exposed individuals in SCR. No association between exposure to adversity and fear potentiated startle was observed. Furthermore, explorative analyses revealed moderate dimensional and categorical agreement between two childhood maltreatment questionnaires and provide insight into potential adversity-type specific effects.</p> <p><br> <em>Conclusion:</em><br> Our results support experience-dependent plasticity in sympathetic nervous system reactivity and suggest distinct response profiles in affective modulation in individuals exposed to early versus recent adversity. We emphasise the need to further explore distinct adversity profiles to further our understanding on specific psychophysiological profiles and their potential implication for prevention and intervention.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.