Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Supplemental information data from: "Evidence for amorphous sulfates as the main carrier of soil hydration in Gale crater, Mars"

This dataset includes the target name and chemical composition of each ChemCam sequence used in the above-mentioned article. The quantification for each ChemCam spectrum in the soils of the Bradbury, Rocknest and Yellowknife Bay area are in percentage mass fractions (wt.%) for most major oxides (i.e., SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeOT , MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O). Sulfur and hydrogen abundances are expressed respectively in peak area (normalized) and ICA H scores.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Data from: Soil variation among natural habitats alters glucosinolate content in a wild perennial mustard

The archive Wagner_Mitchell-Olds_Zenodo_SoilPlast.zip contains a README file describing the contents. These data are described in the Journal of Experimental Botany: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac520">https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac520</a> Funding: National Science Foundation,  IOS-2016351

embargoedcc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Gas, erosion, runoff and soil data and metadata derived from Diverfarming project

Gas, erosion, runoff and soil data and metadata of the different cases studies and long terms from WP5 "Environmental impact and delivery of ecosystem services by crop diversification", derived from H2020 Diverfarming project. This workpackage has been designed to provide sound and robust scientific understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of the tailored diversified cropping systems for improvement of the environmental quality and delivery of ecosystem services in each pedoclimatic region. http://www.diverfarming.eu.

embargoedcc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Data and metadata of soil microbial community structure, enzyme activities, functional genes and earthworms derived from H2020 Diverfarming project

Soil data and metadata of soil microbial community structure, enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, leucine-aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and arylsusfatase activities), N functional genes and earthworms from the different cases studies and long terms from WP4 "Impact of crop diversification on biodiversity", derived from H2020 Diverfarming project. The main objective of workpackage is to provide a scientific understanding of the link between diversified cropping systems, above- and belowground biodiversity, and the resulting ecosystem services provided by soil microorganisms, soil invertebrates and vegetation in agro-ecosystems. Soil organisms contribute to all biogeochemical cycles, Soil organic matter mineralization and stabilization, shape soil structure and have associations with plant species promoting growth and development. http://www.diverfarming.eu.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Data from: New perspectives on soil animal trophic ecology through the lens of C and N stable isotope ratios of oribatid mites

Knowledge of the trophic ecology of soil animals is important for understanding their high alpha diversity as well as their functional role in soil food webs and systems. In the last 20 years, the analysis of natural variations in stable isotope ratios (15N/14N, 13C/12C) has revolutionized our view on soil animal trophic ecology. Here, we review the state of the art of the trophic ecology of a highly abundant and diverse soil animal taxon, oribatid mites (Oribatida), investigated by stable isotope analyses. The review is based on 25 papers reporting stable isotope data of 292 oribatid mite taxa from 30 different sites. Four main findings emerged. (1) Oribatid mites cluster into six trophic groups, i.e. moss feeders, lichen feeders, primary decomposers, fungal feeders/secondary decomposers, predators/scavengers and marine algal feeders, plus one additional group, which incorporates CaCO3 in their cuticle for defence but still belongs to the fungal feeders/secondary decomposers group. (2) Of the 292 species studied 43.7% were classified as fungal feeders/secondary decomposers, 27.0% as primary decomposers and 15.7% as predators/scavengers, only few species include CaCO3 into their skeleton (6.1%), feed on lichens (4.9%), mosses (2.1%) or marine algae (0.7%). (3) In about one-third of the species studied the trophic niche was constant or varied little between sites or habitats, but in two-thirds of the species, their trophic niche varied between habitats, with some species even shifting trophic levels, indicating trophic plasticity. (4) When aggregated at higher taxonomic level oribatid mite species clustered in only three instead of six trophic groups. This indicates that species within the same high-level taxon often belong to different trophic groups, for example, because feeding habits evolved convergently. Therefore, to accurately reflect the trophic ecology of oribatid mites their stable isotope signatures need to be analysed at the species level. However, stable isotope analyses also have limitations, e.g. feeding on bacteria and fungi cannot be separated, and the same is true for feeding on ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Other methods such as fatty acid, amino acid and molecular gut content analyses as well as microbiome analyses may complement stable isotope studies and resolve oribatid mite trophic niche differentiation at a higher resolution. This will contribute to a better understanding of the local coexistence of large numbers of species in soil. Finally, we provide perspectives on how to integrate microarthropods into soil food webs using stable isotope and other methods allowing deeper insight into their trophic structure.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

2021 Soil and nutrient loss monitoring data of Sunjiagou sub-watershed

This dataset observes soil and nutrient loss from runoff plots at a monitoring station in the black soil area in 2021. The details of the runoff plots are as follows: A1: 3°, smooth monopoly, planted with soybeans; A2: 3°, cross monopoly, planted with soybeans; A3: 3°, bare ground; B1: 5°, smooth monopoly, planted with soybeans; B2: 5°, cross monopoly, planted with soybeans and planted with purple acacia as a plant hedge; B3: 5°, bare ground.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data for: Can heavy metal pollution induce soil bacterial community resistance to antibiotics in boreal forests?

The emergence of microbial antibiotic resistance is a central threat to global health, food security, and development. It has been shown that heavy metal pollution can give rise to microbial resistance to antibiotics, but how wide-spread this phenomenon is remains an open question that urgently needs filling to enable appropriate environmental risk assessments. Here, we determined whether long-term differences in heavy metal pollution in boreal forests had affected soil microbial communities such that they had increased microbial resistance to antibiotics. First, we assessed variation in metal concentrations in samples collected across a distance trajectory from the pollution source, and also the microbial rates and levels of bacterial community resistance to the heavy metal Cu and the antibiotics tetracycline and vancomycin in those samples. Second, we tested if the exposure to Cu or tetracycline could increase bacterial community resistance to Cu and to antibiotics in soils with high versus low background levels of metal contamination. Metal pollution had affected microbial community structures and suppressed decomposer functioning. Importantly, bacterial community Cu resistance increased with higher metal concentrations, which coincided with an induced bacterial community resistance to tetracycline, but not to vancomycin. Laboratory experiments revealed that bacterial community Cu resistance could be further induced in both the low and high end of the pollution gradient, but also that these short-term inductions of community metal tolerance did not coincide with enhanced antibiotic resistance. This yielded a surprising negative correlation between long-term and short-term effects by metals on microbial metal and antibiotic resistances. One mechanism that could provide protection against both metal cations and tetracycline is the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family, which is an energy demanding physiological mechanism that may take time to confer protection. This may explain the different microbial responses to long-term gradients and metal addition experiments. Policy implications. We show that metal pollution in boreal forests will promote antibiotic resistance in soil bacterial communities, revealing an overlooked reservoir of antibiotic resistance. We recommend that environmental risk assessments for any activity giving rise to increased soil metal concentrations need to also consider the induction of microbial antibiotic resistance.

openbsd-3-clauseAug 2017View details →

Landsat 8 and SRTM Data Processed for Soil Classification (Yuri Coelho's Thesis)

This dataset was processed for the Senior Thesis of Yuri Coelho. The dataset is composed by the processed rasters that are used in the Senior Thesis. The objective of the dataset is to classify satellite data into Soil Classes.

Data for: Biological mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions by plant metabolites

Plant metabolites significantly affect soil nitrogen (N) cycling, but their influence on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions has not been quantitatively analyzed on a global scale. We conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 observations from 42 articles to evaluate global patterns of, and principal factors controlling, N2O emissions in the presence of root exudates and extracts. Overall, plant metabolites promoted soil N2O emissions by about 10%. However, the effects of plant metabolites on N2O emissions from soils varied with experimental conditions and properties of both metabolites and soils. Primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, strongly stimulated soil N2O emissions, by an average of 79%, while secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenoids, and flavonoids, often characterised as both biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) and biological denitrification inhibitors (BDIs), reduced soil N2O emissions by an average of 41%. The emission mitigation effects of BNIs/BDIs were closely associated with soil texture and pH, increasing with increasing soil clay content and soil pH on acidic and neutral soils, and with decreasing soil pH on alkaline soils. We furthermore present soil incubation experiments that show that three secondary metabolite types act as BNIs to reduce N2O emissions by 32-45% while three primary metabolite classes possess a stimulatory effect of 56-63%, confirming the results of the meta-analysis. Our results highlight the potential role and application range of specific secondary metabolites in bio-mitigation of global N2O emissions, and provide new biological parameters for N2O emission models that should help improve the accuracy of model predictions.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Data and code for: Influence of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil greenhouse gas fluxes from forests in China and the world

Since the industrial revolution, greenhouse gas emissions (particularly CO2, CH4, and N2O) caused by human activities have accelerated global climate change. To avoid catastrophic transitions in the Earth system, many countries including China have set goals to achieve “net zero emission” (or “carbon neutrality”) by mid-21st century. Forestland-related practices are among the most preferred “natural climate solutions”. However, high uncertainties remain in the greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soils, because of the limited capability to observe soil dynamics at a large spatial scale. Meanwhile, forest soil greenhouse gas fluxes are influenced by multiple anthropogenic environmental changes including enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition, which further complicates the interactions between forest ecosystem and the atmosphere. During the past half century, simulated nitrogen deposition (or “nitrogen addition”) experiments have been conducted in various forest sites worldwide, founding a basis for quantifying the spatially-varying responses of soil greenhouse gas flux to nitrogen deposition. In this research, we systematically synthesized global nitrogen addition experiment data from published literature and public databases, using which we explored the responses of the three major greenhouse gases to N input. Derived sensitivity of soil N2O emission to N deposition allowed for determining the N saturation (or limitation) status of global forests. Using process-augmented data-driven approach and random forest regression models, we estimated soil greenhouse gas budgets on regional and global levels. On the basis, we quantified the varying effects of N deposition on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in N-limited and N-saturated forests across biomes.  The produced global map of N-saturated forests in this research could facilitate studies on carbon and nitrogen cycles and improve forest nitrogen management. The revealed response patterns and response factors of soil greenhouse gases to N input could help improve the structure and parameters of ecosystem models. Furthermore, the localized N2O emission factors for 145 countries could be used to reduce the uncertainties in their national greenhouse gas inventories. The “process-augmented data-driven” approach could potentially bridge the gap between site-level manipulative experiments and the demand for regional greenhouse gas budgets, allowing manipulative experiments to play a more important role in global change research.

Data from: Uncorrected soil water isotopes through cryogenic vacuum distillation may lead to a false estimation of plant water sources

Successful use of stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) in ecohydrological studies relies on the accurate extraction of unfractionated water from different types of soil samples. Cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) is a common laboratory-based technique used for soil water extraction; however, the reliability of this technique in reflecting soil water δ2H and δ18O is still of concern. This study examines the reliability of a newly developed automatic cryogenic vacuum distillation (ACVD) system through a set of pure water extraction. The impacts of extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, temperature, and vacuum) and soil properties on the recovery of soil water δ2H and δ18O were further assessed for the ACVD and traditional extraction systems (TCVD) systems. Finally, the potential influences of the CVD technique on the prediction of plant water uptake were investigated through a sensitivity analysis. We demonstrated that the ACVD system was reliable for recovering the isotopic composition of pure water, with negligible biases of − 0.1 ± 0.3‰ for δ2H and 0.04 ± 0.09‰ for δ18O. Both ACVD and TCVD similarly extracted water from the rewetted soils when the extraction time of the ACVD system reached 240 min, but none of the CVD systems successfully recovered the isotopic signatures of doped water from soil materials. Mean δ2H offsets of extracted soil water were − 2.6 ± 1.3‰ and − 2.4 ± 1.7‰ for ACVD and TCVD, respectively; while mean δ18O offsets were − 0.16 ± 0.14‰ and − 0.39 ± 0.37‰. The isotopic offsets of CVD systems were positively correlated with soil clay content, and negatively correlated with soil water content. The use of corrected soil data (with CVD offsets) could improve the prediction of plant water uptake based on its high correlation with environmental factors. This study identifies the isotopic offsets of CVD systems (i.e., ACVD and TCVD) and provides possible solutions for better-predicting plant water sources. Even so, the wide use of CVD techniques probably induces noticeable uncertainties in predicting plant water uptake depths. The dataset of soil water extraction in this study will have implications for the technological development of CVD techniques.

Data from: 42 years of no-tillage and cover cropping improved soil oxygen availability and resilience

Healthy soil air-water balance is critical for crop growth. Conservation agricultural practices improve soil physical properties to influence soil oxygen availability. We evaluated the impact of 42 years of hairy vetch (HV) cover cropping (CC) and no-tillage (NT) on soil oxygen dynamics during a cotton growing season experiencing multiple intensive rain events in silt loam soil. HV and NT treatments exhibited higher growing season soil oxygen availability (p < 0.05), and experienced 3 to 4 times fewer hours of oxygen limitation (i.e., oxygen concentration <10%) as compared to no cover (NC) and conventional tillage (CT) treatments. After heavy rainfall, NT-HV treatment exhibited the highest soil oxygen availability, followed by NT-NC, CT-HV, and CT-NC treatments (p < 0.05). While CC and/or NT treatments quickly regained soil oxygen status within 24 hours after saturating rain events, CT-NC suffered from sub-optimal soil aeration until the third day post-rainfall. The combination of CC with NT practices enhanced soil oxygen availability and resilience to extreme precipitation events.

Data from: Warming reduces priming effect of soil organic carbon decomposition along a subtropical elevation gradient

The priming effects (PEs) of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial process affecting the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty about how PEs will respond to climate warming. Here, we sampled soils along a subtropical elevation gradient in China and conducted a 126-day lab-incubation experiment with and without additions of 13C-labeled high-bioavailability glucose or low-bioavailability lignin. Based on the mean annual temperature (MAT) of each elevation (9.3–16.4°C), a temperature increase of 4°C was used to explore how PEs mediate the decomposition of SOC in response to warming. Our results showed that the magnitude of glucose-induced PEs (PEglu) was higher than lignin-induced PEs (PElig), with both PEs linearly increasing with MAT. Across the MAT (i.e., elevation) gradient, warming had consistent negative effects on PEglu, whereas rising MAT exacerbated the negative effects of warming on PElig. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition decreased after adding glucose and lignin across the MAT gradient, suggesting that fresh C inputs may prime microbial breakdown of labile SOC under warming. Taken together, warming alleviated the SOC loss due to PEs through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability, since warming mediated the PEglu by increasing available nitrogen and weakening microbial nitrogen-mining but inhibited the PElig by switching from microbial nitrogen-mining to microbial co-metabolization. Our findings highlight the role of warming in regulating the PEs and suggest that incorporating the suppression effect of warming on PEs can contribute to the accurate prediction of soil C dynamics in a warming world.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Data to: Root System Architecture Reorganization Under Decreasing Soil Phosphorus Lowers Root System Conductance of Zea mays

corresponding image data to: Root System Architecture Reorganization Under Decreasing Soil Phosphorus Lowers Root System Conductance of Zea mays

Data from: Nitrifier controls on soil NO and N2O emissions in three chaparral ecosystems under contrasting atmospheric N inputs

Nitrogen saturation theory predicts high rates of atmospheric N deposition can increase ecosystem N availability and stimulate ecosystem N losses via soil nitric oxide (NO; an air pollutant at high concentrations) and nitrous oxide (N2O; a strong greenhouse gas) emissions. However, it remains unclear whether theories developed in mesic ecosystems apply to drylands, where plant and soil N availability are not always coupled in dry soils. NO and N2O are often produced in soils during the oxidation of ammonia by ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) or ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) during nitrification. AOB are thought to emit more NO and N2O during nitrification than AOA and may be favored in N-rich relative to N-limited environments, suggesting high rates of atmospheric N deposition might produce positive feedback sending more of the N to the atmosphere. To assess how high rates of atmospheric N deposition affect AOB- and AOA-derived N trace gas emissions, we selectively inhibited AOA and AOB nitrifiers and measured NO and N2O emissions from soils collected from three dryland sites exposed to relatively low (3.8 kg ha-1 = Low N) or high (11.8 kg ha-1 = High N1; 15.6 kg ha-1 = High N2) rates of atmospheric N inputs. We found that while the High N2 deposition site had the lowest AOA:AOB ratio (2.33 ± 0.57), consistent with expectations, this site did not emit the most NO and N2O. Rather, AOA emitted between 21–78% of the NO from our sites, with higher AOA-derived NO emissions from relatively coarse-textured soils in the Low N deposition site. In addition to nitrification, denitrification also contributed to NO and N2O emissions, especially in the Moderate N deposition site (where denitrification-derived NO and N2O emissions were 2.0 – 3.7 time greater than the other sites), which had finer textured soils that may favor denitrification. Interactions between soil texture and N availability, therefore, appears to be the primary mechanism determining whether atmospheric N deposition is retained in the ecosystem or reemitted to the atmosphere as NO or N2O.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Data: Soil moisture modeling with ERA5-Land retrievals, topographic indices, and in situ measurements and its use for predicting ruts

Data for:  Soil moisture modeling with ERA5-Land retrievals, topographic indices, and in situ measurements and its use for predicting ruts Marian Schönauer1, Anneli M. Ågren2, Klaus Katzensteiner3, Florian Hartsch1, Paul Arp4, Simon Drollinger5, Dirk Jaeger1 1Department of Forest Work Science and Engineering, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 2Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden 3Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Vienna, Austria 4Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada 5Department of Physical Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Data and Script used in "Effects of canopy gaps on microclimate, soil biological activity and their relationship in a European mixed floodplain forest"

The R code and data provided in this repository allow to reproduce the data carpentry, analysis and visualization of “Effects of canopy gaps on microclimate, soil biological activity and their relationship in a European mixed floodplain forest” (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173572).   Folder structure   Data abstracts: Data_abstract_climate.pdf Data_abstract_soil_biotics.pdf Data_abstract_soil_abiotics_openness.pdf   Data: Climate_data.xlsx Soil_biotics.xlsx Soil_abiotics_openness.xlsx   R Scripts: 00-preamble.R loads all required packages 01-data-carpentry.R loads all datasets and prepares the analysis of all experimental periods. 02-data-analyses-microclimate.R compares understorey air and soil microclimate between forest types and treatments, presents diurnal and seasonal variations and tests the relationship of under- and overstorey openness on microclimate. 03-data-analyses-decomposition.R compares decomposition rates and feeding activity between forest types and treatments and models the dependencies of soil biological activity on microclimate and soil abiotic factors.   Information of related software and package versions used in the script: R version 4.3.2 (2023-10-31 ucrt) Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit) Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19045) Matrix products: default   Contact Please contact me at annalena.lenk@uni-leipzig.de if you have further questions.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Data from: Severity of topsoil compaction controls the impact of skid trails on soil ecological processes

Skid trails are a major management-induced disturbance in temperate forest ecosystems with considerable impact on soil ecological processes that are so far poorly understood. In German forests, skid trails comprise 10 – 20 % of the forest area that is potentially affected by soil compaction through heavy machinery. We systematically investigated the influence of skid trails on physical, chemical, and microbiological soil parameters at 84 paired plots across four Central European forest types. In low mountain forests with steeper topography, skid trails had more drastic effects than in lowland forests. Skid trails in low mountain areas showed a decrease in the C to N ratio of microbial biomass (MBC/MBN), as well as increased microbial (MBC/SOC) and enzyme activities leading to faster carbon turnover (lower C/N, EOC/EN) and increased CO2 losses (CO2/SOC) from the soil. The overall effects of the skid trails in lowland forests were small. On base-poor soils, we found an increase in the MBC/MBN ratio, while skid trails in base-rich lowland soils showed a reduction in CO2/SOC, suggesting a proportional increase in soil carbon storage. Regardless of region-specific effects, the relative increase in the bulk density of the fine soil was identified as a 'golden trait' that determined the effects of skid trails on many soil parameters, as shown by negative correlations with SOC, N, MBC, MBN, MBP, MBC/SOC and CO2/SOC and positive ones with the activities of certain hydrolytic enzymes. Synthesis and Applications: Our data clearly showed that carbon conversion processes and soil respiration leading to significant carbon and nutrient losses increased significantly on skid trails in low mountain regions with relatively steep slopes, which was in sharp contrast to lowland sites. The strong context dependence of our findings suggests that the mapping of soil conditions in terms of slope, substrate and moisture with high spatial resolution is mandatory to assess the vulnerability of sites to soil compaction by heavy machinery. Based on such vulnerability analysis, negative impacts can be minimized through the designation of permanently fixed skid trails, the technical adaptation of vehicles (e.g., wide base tyres) as well as careful planning and timing of management operations that should be restricted to dry weather and soil moisture conditions or periods of frost.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Data from: Earthworms promote crop growth by enhancing the connections among soil microbial communities

Earthworms benefit plant growth and play a vital role in shaping soil microbial communities. However, how earthworms modify the soil microorganisms and thus affect plant growth is still unclear. Although fertilizers alter the assembly of microbial communities, further investigations are required to test the effect of fertilizer type on the relationship between earthworms, soil microbial communities, and plants. We evaluated the role of earthworms in soil microorganisms and maize plant growth characteristics under organic or chemical fertilizers in field and greenhouse experiments. We explored the relationships between earthworms, soil microbial community, and plant growth under different fertilizer types. We found that the presence of earthworms promoted plant growth, increased the amount of plant root exudates, and enhanced the connections between rhizosphere bacterial, fungal, and protist communities. Both earthworms and fertilizer application significantly changed the structure of soil bacterial, fungal, and protist communities. The complexity of the soil microbial community network increased under organic, compared to chemical fertilizer application. The greenhouse experiment showed that the effect of earthworms on plant growth was weakened when maize plants were grown in sterilized soil under organic or chemical fertilizers. Synthesis and applications: Our study provides solid evidence that earthworms largely depend on soil microorganisms for their effects on plants under the application of different fertilizer conditions. This may provide new insights into reducing the amounts of fertilizer used by enhancing the role of earthworms and soil microorganisms.