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FIGURE 4 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 4. Phaneromerium troglopterygotum sp. nov., male paratype. A–C. Habitus, dorsal, lateral and ventral views, respectively. D. Antenna, lateral view. Photographs by K.V. Makarov, taken not to scale.

FIGURE 8 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 8. Phaneromerium troglopterygotum sp. nov., male paratype. A. Leg 7, lateral view. B & C. Left gonopod, mesal and lateral views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A) and 0.1 mm (B & C). Abbreviations: ex, exomere; sl, solenomere.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 1. Location of the Gruna da Serra Verde cave and the Serra do Iuiu karst area in Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. Courtesy L. de Assis.

FIGURE 5 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 5. Phaneromerium troglopterygotum sp. nov., female paratype. A–C. Habitus, dorsal, lateral and ventral views, respectively. Photographs by K.V. Makarov, taken not to scale.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

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Assessing the effectiveness of a forest Habitat Conservation Plan for a threatened seabird, the marbled murrelet

Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) commonly facilitate habitat conservation on private land in the United States, yet the effectiveness of individual HCPs is rarely evaluated. Here, we assess the effectiveness of a high-profile HCP created by a lumber company to protect old-growth forest used for breeding by Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) on private land. We used 17 years of HCP-monitoring data to compare trends in murrelet occupancy and inland counts between private HCP areas and public reference areas over time. Based on occupancy models applied to audio-visual survey data, average occupancy was higher in public reference areas (0.85; 85% CI: 0.79-0.90) than in private HCP areas (0.46; 85% CI: 0.38-0.54). Numerically, trends in occupancy were slightly positive in public areas (λ=1.01; 85% CI: 0.94-1.08) and slightly negative in private areas (λ=0.97; 85% CI: 0.87-1.06), but confidence intervals did not preclude stable occupancy on both ownerships. Based on generalized linear mixed models applied to inland radar survey data, murrelet counts in private HCP areas (LS mean=8.7; 85% CI: 6.2-12.2) were lower than those in public reference areas (LS mean=14.8; 85% CI: 10.1-21.7), but confidence intervals overlapped. Murrelet counts declined by 12-17% annually on both ownerships over the study period based on the top model, but a closely competing interactive model suggested more rapid declines in public reference (14-20%) than in private HCP (10-15%) areas. Both models indicated that murrelet counts were negatively related to sea surface temperature, suggesting that warm ocean conditions negatively affect murrelet breeding effort. Collectively, these results suggest that while HCP habitat may be lower quality than public reference areas, the HCP has likely not exacerbated ongoing declines of murrelets in the region. This work highlights the importance of including reference areas when evaluating conservation policies.

FIGURES 5-8 in Coarazuphium bambui (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new cave-dwelling beetle from the threatened region of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil

FIGURES 5-8. Coarazuphium bambui sp. n., male holotype. 5. Head, pronotum and prothorax, lateral view; Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 6. Habitus dorsal view; Scale bar = 1.0 mm. 7. Detail on hindwings; Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 8. Prothorax, ventral view; Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 14-16 in Coarazuphium bambui (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new cave-dwelling beetle from the threatened region of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil

FIGURES 14-16. Coarazuphium bambui sp. n. female paratype. 14. Female genital reproductive tract, ventral view; Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 15. Detail on helminthoid sclerite; Scale bar = 125 μm. 16. Left gonocoxites ventral view, showing detail on preapical setose organ; Scale bar = 125 μm. Legend: (bc) bursa copulatrix; (bs) bursal sacculus; (co) common oviduct; (sp) spermatheca; (hs) helminthoid sclerite; (gc1): gonocoxite 1; (gc2): gonocoxite 2; (lt): laterotergite; (pso): preapical setose organ; (mpp) marginal pit pegs.

FIGURES 9-13 in Coarazuphium bambui (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new cave-dwelling beetle from the threatened region of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil

FIGURES 9-13. Coarazuphium bambui sp. n. male holotype. 9-10. Genital segment capsule; Scale bar = 0.2 mm. 11. Aedeagus left view; 12. Aedeagus dorsal view; 13. Aedeagus right view; Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Coarazuphium bambui (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new cave-dwelling beetle from the threatened region of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Geographic localization of all described Coarazuphium species including the Coarazuphium bambui sp. n. at its type locality (Gruna Boca da Lapa Cave), it is also show the Tropical Dryforest ecosystems, the limestone outcrops of the Bambui Supergroup, highlighting the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. A. Mining pressures related to future projects in the region; B. Impacts close to Gruna Boca da Lapa cave related to agriculture activities.

FIGURES 2-4 in Coarazuphium bambui (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new cave-dwelling beetle from the threatened region of Serra do Ramalho, Brazil

FIGURES 2-4. Gruna Boca da Lapa cave 2. Entrance of the type locality cave. 3. Details on the microhabitat where specimens of C. bambui sp. n. were found, substrate composed of pebbles, silt, and rock. 4. Gruna Boca da Lapa cave gallery showing the large river channel and the river banks. (Photographs 2-4 are from A. Lobo).

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

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Human-modified landscapes provide key foraging areas for a threatened flying mammal: the grey-headed flying-fox

Urban expansion is a major threat to natural ecosystems but also creates novel opportunities that adaptable species can exploit. The grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) is a threatened, highly mobile species of bat that is increasingly found in human-dominated landscapes, leading to many management and conservation challenges. Flying-fox urbanisation is thought to be a result of diminishing natural foraging habitat or increasing urban food resources, or both. However, little is known about landscape utilisation of flying-foxes in human-modified areas, and how this may differ in natural areas. Here we examine positional data from 98 satellite-tracked P. poliocephalus for up to 5 years in urban and non-urban environments, in relation to vegetation data and published indices of foraging habitat quality. Our findings indicate that human-modified foraging landscapes sustain a large proportion of the P. poliocephalus population year-round. When individuals roosted in non-urban and minor-urban areas, they relied primarily on wet and dry sclerophyll forest, forested wetlands, and rainforest for foraging, and preferentially visited foraging habitat designated as high-quality. However, our results highlight the importance of human-modified foraging habitats throughout the species' range, and particularly for individuals that roosted in major-urban environments. The exact plant species that exist in human-modified habitats are largely undocumented; however, where this information was available, foraging by P. poliocephalus was associated with different dominant plant species depending on whether individuals roosted in 'urban' or 'non-urban' areas. Overall, our results demonstrate clear differences in urban- and non-urban landscape utilisation by foraging P. poliocephalus. However, further research is needed to understand the exact foraging resources used, particularly in human-modified habitats, and hence what attracts flying-foxes to urban areas. Such information could be used to modify the urban foraging landscape, to assist long-term habitat management programs aimed at minimising human-wildlife conflict and maximising resource availability within and outside of urban environments.

opennotspecifiedMay 2022View details →

FIGURE 2 in Heteranthera yucatana (Pontederiaceae), a new, threatened species from the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula

FIGURE 2. Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae) from the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula. A–F. H. yucatana. A-B. Calichal, natural habit. C. Plant with inflorescences and flowers. D. Inflorescence. E–F. Flower. G–H. Heteranthera limosa. G. Flowers, H. Natural habitat. (C–F. H. yucatana. G. Carnevali & J.L. Tapia 6262, based upon the type collection, CICY; G–H. Heteranthera limosa. Photos: A. José R. Grande A., C–D. Germán Carnevali. E. Débora Carnevali Ramírez. B, F, G: Claudia Ramírez Díaz.

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Data to: Opportunities for the conservation of migratory birds to benefit threatened resident vertebrates in the Neotropics

Neotropical countries receive financing and effort from temperate nations to aid the conservation of migratory species that move between temperate and tropical regions. If allocated strategically, these resources could simultaneously contribute to other conservation initiatives. In this study, we use novel distribution maps to show how those resources could aid planning for the recovery of threatened resident vertebrates. Using eBird-based relative abundance estimates, we first identified areas with high richness of Neotropical migrant landbirds of conservation concern (23 species) during the stationary nonbreeding period. Within these areas, we then identified threatened species richness, projected forest loss, and conducted a prioritization for 1,261 red-listed vertebrates using Terrestrial Area-of-Habitat maps. Richness for migrants was greatest along a corridor from the Yucatan peninsula south to the northern Andes but also included southwest Mexico and Hispaniola. Protected areas account for 22.3% of this region while 20.7% is at risk of forest loss. Within this focal region for migrants, all four vertebrate groups showed hotspots of threatened species richness along the west and east Andean slopes. Taxa-specific hotspots included montane areas of southern Mexico and central Guatemala (amphibians/reptiles) and the entire east slope of the Colombian East Andes (mammals). Our prioritization highlighted several areas of importance for conservation due to high threatened species richness and projected forest loss including 1) the Pacific dry forests of southwest Mexico, 2) montane regions of northern Central America, and 3) the west Andean slope of Colombia and Ecuador. At a landscape scale in southern Colombia, we show how conservation efforts for 6 Neotropical migrants could benefit 56 threatened residents that share a similar elevational range. Synthesis and applications. Funding and effort for migratory bird conservation also has potential to benefit threatened resident vertebrates in the Neotropics. Our study highlights how novel, high resolution information on species distributions and risk of forest loss can be integrated to identify priority areas for the two groups at regional and landscape scales.The approach and data can be further modified for more specific goals, such as within-country initiatives.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

FIGURE 2. A in Type locality, distribution and conservation of the threatened catfish Taunayia bifasciata (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in the Atlantic Forest streams of Southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. A. Catalog ledger of the Indiana University with catalog number IU 9291 (arrow) and B. Original jar labels of the holotype of Nannoglanis bifasciata Eigenmann & Norris 1900 CAS 75771(IU 09291). Indicating 'Alto da Serra', as the type locality. Photo by David Catania.

FIGURE 3 in Type locality, distribution and conservation of the threatened catfish Taunayia bifasciata (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in the Atlantic Forest streams of Southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Taunayia bifasciata. Symbols: white star: type locality of T. bifasciata; blue circle: records in Tietê river basin; red diamonds: records in Paraíba do Sul river basin; purple square: records Itapanhaú River basin; orange pentagon: new record of T. bifasciata in Mambucaba river basin. White outline: Serra da Bocaina National Park; black lines: state limits.

FIGURE 4. A in Type locality, distribution and conservation of the threatened catfish Taunayia bifasciata (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in the Atlantic Forest streams of Southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. A. Sampling site of Taunayia bifasciata (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) in the Mambucaba river basin at the Serra da Bocaina National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. B. The Veados waterfall, which is just upstream the sampling site.

FIGURE 1 in Type locality, distribution and conservation of the threatened catfish Taunayia bifasciata (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) in the Atlantic Forest streams of Southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Specimens of Taunayia bifasciata (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) in dorsal (tops), lateral (middles), and ventral (bottoms) views. Left is the holotype of Nannoglanis bifasciatus Eigenmann & Norris 1900 (CAS 75771), photo by David Catania; right is the specimen collected in the Mambucaba river basin, Serra da Bocaina National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (UFRN 5592), photo by Lucas Medeiros. Scale bar: 10 mm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2022View details →

FIGURE 11 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 11. Ilyobius hauseri (Contreras-Ramos, Fiorentin & Urakami, 2005), male, genitalia. (A), (C) holotype, lateral and caudal, respectively; (B), (D) additional specimen collected in the type locality of the species. Scale bars, A = 0.25 mm; B–D = 0.2 mm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2022View details →

FIGURE 10 in A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil)

FIGURE 10. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov., mature larvae. (A) prothoracic leg, internal; (B) prothoracic leg, external; (C) mesothoracic leg, internal; (D) mesothoracic leg, external; (E) metathoracic leg, external; (F), metathoracic leg, internal. Scale bars = 1 mm.