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Fig. 3 in Epidemiology of Trichinella infection in wild boar from Spain and its impact on human health during the period 2006-2019

Fig. 3. Three-dimensional plots for the interaction effects of the total number of wild boars hunted and the prevalence of the Trichinella infection in wild boar on incidence of trichinellosis in humans.

Fig. 4 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Calicophoron raja (N¨asmark, 1937) collected from wild Bovidae in South Africa

Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) nucleotide sequence of ribosomal DNA. Bootstrap values above 50% are displayed. Calicophoron raja sequences are shown in bold font. All 16 flukes obtained from a black wildebeest and a waterbuck showed an identical sequence, and the representative sequence was deposited in the INSD under accession no. LC633276.

Fig. 3 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Calicophoron raja (N¨asmark, 1937) collected from wild Bovidae in South Africa

Fig. 3. Representative horizontal section of anterior (at) and posterior (pt) testes. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Calicophoron raja (N¨asmark, 1937) collected from wild Bovidae in South Africa

Fig. 2. Representative sagittal sections at the level of the terminal genitalium. (A) Whole image. Arrowhead indicates the genital pore. Thickness of sections: 5 μm (A, B), 10 μm (C). (B) A pharynx of the typical Calicophoron type. (C) A terminal genitalium of the typical Raja type. a: acetabulum, p: pharynx, pm: pars musculosa, t: testis, u: uterus. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (A), 0.2 mm (B), and 0.2 mm (C).

Fig. 1 in Morphological and molecular characterization of Calicophoron raja (N¨asmark, 1937) collected from wild Bovidae in South Africa

Fig. 1. Representative sagittal sections of Laurer's canal (A, C, E) and the excretory duct (B, D, F). Arrowheads indicate the orifice of Laurer's canal. Arrows indicate the excretory pore. a: acetabulum, e: excretory bladder, ed: excretory duct, p: pharynx, pm: pars musculosa, t: testis, l: Laurer's canal. Thickness of sections: 5 μm (A, B, D-F), 10 μm (C). Scale bar: 1 mm (A, B) and 0.5 mm (C–F).

Fig. 1 in "Migratory beekeeping and its influence on the prevalence and dispersal of pathogens to managed and wild bees"

Fig. 1. Flow chart of the process of the systematic review on the different impacts of migratory beekeeping (MB), including the number of studies analysed at each step of the review process. Detailed data in Supplementary Table 1.

Fig. 2 in "Migratory beekeeping and its influence on the prevalence and dispersal of pathogens to managed and wild bees"

Fig. 2. Cumulative number of publications examining in general the impact of migratory beekeeping (blue dots) and in particular the prevalence of pathogens (orange dots) from 1990 to 2022. Exponential trend lines are represented by dashed lines. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Comparative analyses of the fragmented mitochondrial genomes of wild pig louse Haematopinus apri from China and Japan

Fig. 2. The complete mitochondrial genome of wild pig louse Haematopinus apri form China. Each minichromosome has a coding region and a non-coding region (NCR, in black). The names and transcript orientation of genes are indicated in the coding region and the minichromosomes are placed in alphabetical order of protein-coding genes and rRNA genes. Abbreviations: atp6 and atp8, ATP synthase F0 subunits 6 and 8; cytb, cytochrome b; cox1-3, cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1–3; nad1-6 and nad4L, NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1–6 and 4L; rrnS and rrnL, small and large subunits of ribosomal RNA. tRNA genes are indicated with their single-letter abbreviations of the corresponding amino acids.

Fig. 3 in Prevalence and new genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in China: A zoonotic concern

Fig. 3. Sequence variation in the ITS region of the rRNA gene of Enterocytozoon bieneusi isolates from rhesus macaque. The ITS sequences of 5 known genotypes (D, PL9, CAF4, EbpC, and SCC-2) and 8 novel genotypes (Mul6 to 13) identified in this study, were aligned with each other. The dots and transverse lines indicate base identities and deletions, respectively, relative to the ITS sequence of genotype D.

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationship among the Enterocytozoon bieneusi groups. The relationship between the E in Prevalence and new genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in China: A zoonotic concern

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationship among the Enterocytozoon bieneusi groups. The relationship between the E. bieneusi genotypes identified in this study and other known genotypes deposited in GenBank was inferred by neighbor-joining analysis of ITS sequences based on genetic distance using the Kimura-2-parameter model. The numbers on the branches represent percent bootstrapping values from 1000 replicates, with more than 50% shown in the tree. Each sequence is identified by its accession number, genotype designation, and host origin. Genotypes marked with black dot are identified in this study.

Fig. 2 in Predicting the risk of Alaria alata infestation in wild boar on the basis of environmental factors

Fig. 2. The prevalence of A. alata in wild boar in provinces in Poland calculated from literature values and data from the present study (A) and predicted by percentage of areas covered by WETLANDS (B) (for detailed information, see: Methods). The figure shows prevalence values for a given province and confidence intervals (lower; upper).

Fig. 3 in Eco-epidemiological screening of multi-host wild rodent communities in the UK reveals pathogen strains of zoonotic interest

Fig. 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of 18S ribosomal RNA sequences of Babesia microti isolates, indicating the position of the Munich strain-like isolate obtained from the tick Ixodes trianguliceps from a bank vole in Ceredigion, Wales. Sequences of the cogeneric species B. vulpes and B. rodhaini are used as outgroups.

Fig. 2 in Eco-epidemiological screening of multi-host wild rodent communities in the UK reveals pathogen strains of zoonotic interest

Fig. 2. Flea diversity. Percentage of flea genera collected during the two sampling seasons. *p <0.05.

Fig. 1 in Eco-epidemiological screening of multi-host wild rodent communities in the UK reveals pathogen strains of zoonotic interest

Fig. 1. Percentage of tick life stages across seasons collected from all rodent species. a) Total percentage of ticks found in the two study seasons. Light grey: larvae; dark grey: nymphs; black: adults. b) Percentage of tick life stages in each sampling season.

Fig. 2 in First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis in an Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) from Thailand

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the Hepatozoon partial 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequence. Hepatozoon canis (MK144332) was amplified from an Asiatic wild dog in Thailand and analyzed for comparison with other Hepatozoon spp. from the GenBank database. The numbers on branches indicate percent bootstrap support based on 1000 bootstrap replications and only bootstrap values ≥ 50% are shown.

Fig. 1 in First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis in an Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) from Thailand

Fig. 1. Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the Babesia partial 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequence. Babesia gibsoni (MK144331) was amplified from an Asiatic wild dog in Thailand and analyzed for comparison with other Babesia spp. from the GenBank database. The numbers on branches indicate percent bootstrap support based on 1000 bootstrap replications and only bootstrap values ≥ 50% are shown.

Fig. 3 in The threat of pesticide and disease co-exposure to managed and wild bee larvae

Fig. 3. Pesticide research bias across bee genera depending on pesticide type based on Web of Science searches. The number of studies per search term is indicated for each genus with at least 10 studies across search terms; Understudied is a cumulative group including genera which contain less than 10 studies; Unexplored is a cumulative group including genera which have no published papers for any pesticide exposure category. Warmer colours are used to indicate a higher number of studies related to a genus for the corresponding pesticide search term, while colder colours indicate a lower number of studies found. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in The threat of pesticide and disease co-exposure to managed and wild bee larvae

Fig. 4. Brood pathogens studies per bee genera found from Web of Science searches using search terms "brood disease", "brood pathogen", "brood virus", "larvae disease", "larvae pathogen" and "larvae virus" across bee genera. Red squares indicate that a pathogen on the x-axis has been found to infect at least one species in the bee genus corresponding to its position in the phylogeny shown on the y-axis; yellow squares indicate that the pathogen on the x-axis has been found in individuals from at least one species in the genus on the y-axis but no symptoms were reported in the studies; dark grey squares indicate that the pathogen on the x-axis has been tested for in at least one species in the genus corresponding on the yaxis, however has not been found; white squares indicate that the searches found no studies where any bee species of the genus on the y-axis were tested for in the corresponding pathogens on the x-axis. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in The threat of pesticide and disease co-exposure to managed and wild bee larvae

Fig. 2. Proportion of results per search term across bee genera on the Web of Science search engine (n = the total number of studies corresponding to each search term). Search terms related to brood disease (A) and pesticide exposure (B) are both compared to species diversity at the genus level. Genera with less than 5 studies in any brood disease search term (A) and less than 10 studies across any pesticide exposure search term (B) have been classified as 'Understudied' (brown) and grouped. Genera with no studies related to any brood disease search term (A) and no studies related to any pesticide exposure search term (B) have been classified as 'Unexplored' (grey) and grouped. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in The threat of pesticide and disease co-exposure to managed and wild bee larvae

Fig. 1. Flowers contaminated with brood pathogens and pesticides can lead to simultaneous exposure to pesticides and brood pathogens from flowers in adult foraging bees (A). This leads to brood being co-exposed to the stressors via food provisioning (B). Pesticides may increase larval mortality from brood infections directly through compromised immunocompetence (C), and/or indirectly through manipulating microbial communities and compromising food provisions from adult bees (D) (Icons8, 2022).