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FIG. 3 in Anatomy, affinities, and evolutionary implications of new silicified stems of Sphenophyllum Brongniart, 1828 from the early Carboniferous (Mississippian) of France and Germany

FIG. 3. — Specimen from Puech de la Suque, Montagne Noire, France (MN201): A, MN201-E2, general view showing several fragments of plants inside a partly decayed Clepsydropsis leclercqii Galtier, 1966 (Cl). A young Sphenophyllum stem (S) in transverse view is present at the bottom right; B, MN201-E2, general view of the Sphenophyllum stem on A showing the ribbed cortex (C) and the triangular stele with three protoxylem strands (arrows); C, MN201-E2, detail of the triangular stele; note the small lacunae in the best preserved protoxylem strand (arrow); D, MN201-E2, detail of the cortex; E, same specimen as A-D (MN201-F1) at another level, less well preserved but showing branching; F, same photo than E with the outline indicated in yellow, as well as the location of the primary xylem of the main axis (a) and of a lateral axis (b) also viewed in transverse section; the general outline of the cortex and oblique orientation of the tissue suggest the existence of another lateral organ towards the top of the photo (c); the tissues in the upper right corner correspond to part of the xylem of a Clepsydropsis Unger, 1856 rachis. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, E, 500 µm; C, D, 100 µm.

FIG. 4 in Anatomy, affinities, and evolutionary implications of new silicified stems of Sphenophyllum Brongniart, 1828 from the early Carboniferous (Mississippian) of France and Germany

FIG. 4. — Specimen from Coumiac,Montagne Noire, France (MN911):A, slide MN911-A1,general view of the specimen above the level of branching,showing a main axis (a) on the left with a trace to a leaf (l) and a smaller axis (b) on the right;this section corresponds to the level 7 on Figure 7; B, slide MN911-A1,general view of the main axis in transverse section showing the cortex with six lobes and triangular primary xylem (arrows); C, slide MN911-A1,detail of the stele on A; note the presence of lacunae (arrow) at the extremity of each arm of the stele and the lack of secondary vascular tissues;D, slide MN911-A2,pitting on the primary xylem of an outgoing branch trace;E, slide MN911-A2, general view of the smaller axis shown on A; note smaller size of the primary xylem compared to B; F, slide MN911-A2,detail of the largest axis showing outgoing paired vascular traces at the extremity of the arm; G, slide MN911-A2, detail of F showing the protoxylem strand (arrow) and two outgoing traces (lt); H-K, successive sections showing the branching of the axis; H, below the division; I, node with leaves; J, branching; K, branching complete. These photos correspond to the levels 1, 2, 4, and 5 on Figure 7 and to polished surfaces MN911-B1i, MN911-B1s, MN911-B2s, and MN911-B3i. Scale bars: A, H-K, 1 mm; B, E, F, 200 µm; C, 80 µm; D, 50 µm.

FIG. 6 in Anatomy, affinities, and evolutionary implications of new silicified stems of Sphenophyllum Brongniart, 1828 from the early Carboniferous (Mississippian) of France and Germany

FIG. 6. — Specimens with secondary growth from Kahlleite, Germany (KLC4 & KLC3): A, B, slides KLC4-A1 and KLC4-B1, general view of KLC4 in transverse sections at two different levels showing the triangular stele with three strands of protoxylem (arrows) and the outer cortex with 7 (A) or 6 (B) ridges; C, slide KLC4-B1, detail of the protostele in KLC 4 in transverse section showing a lacuna in at least one of the protoxylem locations; D, slide KLC4-B1, detail of the primary (X1) and secondary (X2) xylem in KLC4; note the files of secondary xylem tracheids separated by rays (arrows); E, slide KLC4-B1, detail of the outer cortex showing a decrease in cell diameter towards the outside of the stem (top of the image); F, slide KLC3-C, centre of KLC3 in a region where the center is preserved; arrows indicate the tip of the three arms of the actinostele; G, slide KLC3-C, detail of the protostele of KLC3 showing a primary xylem pole (arrow) and the development of secondary xylem (X2) around the primary xylem (X1); H, slide KLC3-C, detail of the secondary xylem in KLC 3 showing tracheids and rays (arrows) in transverse section. Scale bars: A, B, 500 µm; C, 200 µm; D, H, 50 µm; E, 20 µm; F, 250 µm; G, 100 µm.

FIG. 5 in Anatomy, affinities, and evolutionary implications of new silicified stems of Sphenophyllum Brongniart, 1828 from the early Carboniferous (Mississippian) of France and Germany

FIG. 5. — Specimen with secondary growth from Puech de la Suque, Montagne Noire, France (MN864): A, slide MN864-C1, general view of the specimen in transverse section; the cortex is flattened but the central vascular tissues are not distorted; B, slide MN864-C1, central part of the axis in transverse section showing the cortex (C), the triangular shape of the primary xylem (X1), the position of the protoxylem (arrows), and a little development of secondary xylem (X2); a lacuna is present at the location of the protoxylem in the top right arm of the stele; C, slide MN864-C1, detail of secondary xylem (X2) in transverse section, with row of tracheids and possible ray cells (arrows); D, slide MN864-C1, more or less radial section through the stem showing the central part composed of primary and secondary xylem (X) and cortex (C); E, slide MN864-A5, detail of the box on element D showing possible tangentially elongated pits on the radial wall of secondary xylem tracheids; F, slide MN864-C1, detail of the cortex in transverse section showing a decrease in cell size and increase in wall thickness towards the periphery of the axis; G, slide MN864-A5, longitudinal section showing elongated cells of the cortex; H, slide MN864-A5, longitudinal section at a node showing the cortex (C) and a leaf base (l) cut obliquely; I, slide MN864-A5, detail of the leaf base on H; J, slide MN864-A6, longitudinal section at a node showing the cortex (C) and a leaf (l) showing its length and thickness. Scale bars: A, H, J, 500 µm; B, I, 200 µm; C, E-G, 50 µm; D, 250 µm.

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FIGURE 6 in The complete mitochondrial genome of Zicrona caerulea (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) and its phylogenetic implications

FIGURE 6. The stem-loop of control region in Z. caerulea mitogenome

Fig. 1 in Cytogenetics of two Farlowella species (Loricariidae: Loricariinae): implications on the taxonomic status of the species

Fig. 1. Karyotype of Farlowella cf. amazonum: (a) Giemsa staining, (b) C-banding, and (c) NORs (highlighted). Karyotype of Farlowella schreitmuelleri: (d) Giemsa staining, (e) C-banding, and (f) NORs (highlighted). Scale bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 10 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 10. Monthly changes in mean (± SE) condition factor (K; dots represent individual values) of Hemiancistrus fuliginosus (a. females; c. males) and Hypostomus isbrueckeri (b. females; d. males). Condition factor (K) varied significantly for Hem. fuliginosus (Kruskal-Wallis test; females H = 15.14, df = 7; p = 0, 034; males H = 16.52, gl = 7; p = 0, 021); and female Hyp. isbrueckeri (H = 16.34, df = 7, p = 0, 022), but not for male Hyp. isbrueckeri (H = 10.65, df = 7, p = 0, 155).

Fig. 8 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 8. Logistic regressions for estimating size at first maturity Hemiancistrus fuliginosus and Hypostomus isbrueckeri in the Passo Fundo and Erechim rivers, southern Brazil.

Fig. 5 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 5. Mean frequency (± SE) of oocytes per size (diameter) class in mature ovaries. a. Hemiancistrus fuliginosus (n = 27); b. Hypostomus isbrueckeri (n = 12) in the Passo Fundo and Erechim rivers, southern Brazil.

Fig. 4 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 4. Relation between number of oocytes and total length. a. Hemiancistrus fuliginosus; b. Hypostomus isbrueckeri.

Fig. 2 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 2. Historical and observed variation of abiotic factors in the Passo Fundo river basin. a. river flow; b. rainfall; c. air temperature and daylight hours.

Fig. 3 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 3. Total Length (Lt) frequency distribution and female/male proportion sampled in the Passo Fundo river basin. a. Hemiancistrus fuliginosus; b. Hypostomus isbrueckeri; c. Hemiancistrus fuliginous; d. Hypostomus isbrueckeri. Proportion of males and females was not significantly different from 1: 1 (Hem. fuliginosus, χ2 = 7.97, df = 7, p <0.34; Hyp. isbrueckeri, χ2 = 3.47, df = 7, p <0.34, p <0.84).

Fig. 1 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 1. Geographical situation of the study area and sampling points. Note that fish samples for this study were taken before river damming by the UHE Monjolinho.

Fig. 9 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 9. Observed variation of river flow and mean gonado- somatic index (GSI) of Hemiancistrus fuliginosus (females) and Hypostomus isbrueckeri (females) in the Passo Fundo and Erechim rivers.

Fig. 2 in Cytogenetics of two Farlowella species (Loricariidae: Loricariinae): implications on the taxonomic status of the species

Fig. 2. Karyotype of Farlowella cf. amazonum: (a) telomeric sequences, (c) 18S rDNA, and (d) 5S rDNA. Karyotype of Farlowella schreitmuelleri: (b) telomeric sequences, (e) 18S rDNA, and (f) 5S rDNA. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 6 in Reproduction of two loricariid species in a confined river and implications for environmental impacts of dams

Fig. 6. Frequency of ovarian maturity stages. a. Hemiancistrus fuliginosus; b. Hypostomus isbrueckeri in the Passo Fundo river basin, between February 2008 and January 2009.

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Partitioning of Catechol Derivatives in Lipid Membranes: Implications for Substrate Specificity to Catechol-O-methyltransferase

The data used for publication "Partitioning of Catechol Derivatives in Lipid Membranes: Implications for Substrate Specificity to Catechol-O-methyltransferase" in ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2020), 11(6), 969-978.

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FIGURE 3 in Bite marks attributable to Tyrannosaurus rex: preliminary description and implications

FIGURE 3. Comparison of a maxillary lateral tooth from an adult Tyrannosaurus rex (cast on left: UCMP 118742) to a cast of a puncture mark taken from the right lateral side of the Triceratops sacrum (cast on right). A, Lateral view of the tooth casts showing their similarity in size and morphology. B, Posterior view showing their similarity in size and morphology. Arrow denotes the carina on the cast from the Triceratops pelvis. Scale = 2.0 cm.

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Supposed "snake specialist" consumes monitor lizards: diet and trophic implications of king cobra feeding ecology

King cobra predation events on Varanus nebulosus. Included: photographic evidence of each event, king cobra biometric data from most recent measurements and location information. .csv file column headings: folderid: The Zenodo folder ID containing the photographic evidence of event. obvdate: Date of observation (yyyy-mm-dd) obvtime: Time of observation (24hr) snakeid: Unique ID given to individual king cobras captured svlmm: King cobra snout-to-vent length (mm) tlmm: King cobra tail length (mm) totalmm: King cobra total length (mm) massg: King cobra mass (g) easting: UTM easting (UTM Zone 47N; Datum WGS84) northing: UTM northing (UTM Zone 47N; Datum WGS84) gpsaccm: Accuracy of GPS location (m) notes: Comments on predation event