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FIGURE 3 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine.

FIGURE 7 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 7. Paraleucilla incomposita sp. nov. (UFBA POR 4246, holotype). A—Preserved holotype; B—Fringe of trichoxea; C—Transverse section showing diactines in the skeleton (arrowheads) and the large inner region (ir) for comparison with the outer region (or); D—Detailed view of a transverse section showing the outer region (or) and the beginning of the inner region (below the outer region); E—Fragments of trichoxea in the choanosome; F—Tangential view of the tetractines in the atrial skeleton.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological and molecular data support the distinctiveness of Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 and Pachycheles chubutensis Boschi, 1963 (Anomura, Porcellanidae)

FIGURE 4. Phylogram for species of Pachycheles, based on Maximum Likelihood analysis (ML) of H3 nDNA gene sequences. ARG: Argentina, MP: Mar del Plata, RN: Rio Negro; BRA: Brazil, SC: Santa Catarina, RS: Rio Grande do Sul; CR: Costa Rica. Numbers below are 1000 bootstraps values. Values below 50% not shown.

FIGURE 1. Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892. A in Morphological and molecular data support the distinctiveness of Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 and Pachycheles chubutensis Boschi, 1963 (Anomura, Porcellanidae)

FIGURE 1. Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892. A) General dorsal view (female, CCDB 1933); B) Minor cheliped (dorsal view); C) Telson with 5 plates (ventral view). Scale bar in A) = 1 cm.

FIGURE 2. Pachycheles chubutensis Boschi, 1963. A in Morphological and molecular data support the distinctiveness of Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 and Pachycheles chubutensis Boschi, 1963 (Anomura, Porcellanidae)

FIGURE 2. Pachycheles chubutensis Boschi, 1963. A) General dorsal view (male, CCFurg 920); B) Minor cheliped, glabrous form (CCDB 2802, male, dorsal view); C) Telson with 7 plates (CCDB 2802, male, ventral view). Scale bar in A) = 1 cm.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and molecular data support the distinctiveness of Pachycheles laevidactylus Ortmann, 1892 and Pachycheles chubutensis Boschi, 1963 (Anomura, Porcellanidae)

FIGURE 3. Phylogram for species of Pachycheles, based on Maximum Likelihood analysis (ML) of 16S mtDNA gene sequences. GenBank sequences are represented by (*). ARG: Argentina, MP: Mar del Plata, RN: Rio Negro; BRA: Brazil, SC: Santa Catarina; CR: Costa Rica; MEX: Mexico; VEN Venezuela; USA: United States of America. Numbers below are 1000 bootstraps values. Values below 50% not shown.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of the South East Asian genus Sarax Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) and synonymization of Sarax mediterraneus Delle Cave, 1986

FIGURE 1. Photographs of living adult Sarax huberi sp. nov. individuals in standard plastic terraria. A Female; B Male. Note the sexual dimorphism in pedipalp length.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of the South East Asian genus Sarax Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) and synonymization of Sarax mediterraneus Delle Cave, 1986

FIGURE 6. Photographs of the natural habitat of Sarax curioi Giupponi & Miranda, 2012. A Overview of the collection site; B Most individuals found under such stones.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the South East Asian genus Sarax Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) and synonymization of Sarax mediterraneus Delle Cave, 1986

FIGURE 3. Spermatophore of Sarax huberi sp. nov. A Anterior view; B Lateral view; C Posterior view. lw, lateral wings; s, sperm masses; uw, upper wings; ns, notched structure.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of the South East Asian genus Sarax Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) and synonymization of Sarax mediterraneus Delle Cave, 1986

FIGURE 5. Photographs of living adult Sarax curioi individuals. Photographs were taken in the field. A Male; B Female with eggsac. Note the slight sexual dimorphism in pedipalp length.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the South East Asian genus Sarax Simon, 1892 (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) and synonymization of Sarax mediterraneus Delle Cave, 1986

FIGURE 4. Photographs of the natural habitat of Sarax huberi sp. nov. on Cebu Island. A Path to the type locality; B Busay cave.

FIGURE 1. Differences between C. sillami and C in A new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 (Amblypygi, Charinidae) from termite nests in French Guiana

FIGURE 1. Differences between C. sillami and C. bromeliaea; a–d and g–h, holotype of C. sillami: a: C. sillami, left pedipalp tibia; b: C. sillami, left pedipalp femur; c: C. sillami, cephalothorax; d: C. sillami (male paratype), cephalothorax; e: C. bromeliaea, pedipalp tibia and femur; f: C. bromeliaea, cephalothorax; g: C. sillami, chelicerae; h: C. sillami (female paratype), cephalothorax; the arrows point the differences between C. sillami and C. bromeliaea.

FIGURE 1 in A short biography of Hubert Ludwig and a note on the publication dates of his monograph Die Seewalzen (1889 – 1892)

FIGURE 1. Hubert Jakob Ludwig (1852–1913), German echinodermologist (about 1880) [MfN: HBSB_B I/271].

FIGURE 2 in A short biography of Hubert Ludwig and a note on the publication dates of his monograph Die Seewalzen (1889 – 1892)

FIGURE 2. Title page with merged publication dates (1889–1892) and Plate VI of Hubert Ludwig's Die Seewalzen, including the entry (ex libris stamp) of the former owners, the Swiss naturalists (Carl Friedrich) Fritz (1859–1942) and Paul Benedict (1856–1929) Sarasin [MRM].

FIGURE 3 in A short biography of Hubert Ludwig and a note on the publication dates of his monograph Die Seewalzen (1889 – 1892)

FIGURE 3. Selection of title pages of individual parts (fascicle 1, fascicle 2/3, fascicle 13/14) of Hubert Ludwig's Die Seewalzen. Single parts were distributed by the author or on behalf of the author through the publisher C. F. Winter (Leipzig and Heidelberg, Germany). Copies formerly in the private library of the German zoologist Karl August Möbius (1825–1908) [MRM].

FIGURE 8 in Two new species of the genus Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea), with comments on the distribution of V. sericata (Ridley, 1881) along the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 8. Geographical distribution of the species of Vosmaeropsis. Colours represent the marine ecoregions of the world (after Spalding et al. 2009): Dark blue: Temperate Northern Atlantic; Purple: Temperate Northern Pacific; Red: Central Indo- Pacific; Pink: Temperate Australasia; Green: Tropical Atlantic; Yellow: Temperate South America; and Orange: Tropical Eastern Pacific. Numbers indicate the species and roughly represent the location where the species were found (1—V. cyathus; 2—V. hispanica; 3—V. gardineri; 4—V. oruetai; 5—V. simplex; 6—V. gr i s e a; 7—V. spinosa; 8—V. japonica; 9—V. maculata; 10—V. sasakii; 11—V. conexiva; 12—V. ho z aw ai; 13—V. depressa; 14—V. wilsoni; 15—V. mackinnoni; 16—V. macera; 17—V. sericata; 18—V. levis; 19—V. complanatispinifera sp. nov.; 20—V. recruta sp. nov.; 21- V. ovata; 22—V. inflata; 23—V. triradiata.

FIGURE 4 in Two new species of the genus Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea), with comments on the distribution of V. sericata (Ridley, 1881) along the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron microscopy of Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456-POR, holotype). A—General view of the spicule; B—Detail of the smooth apical actine.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of the genus Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea), with comments on the distribution of V. sericata (Ridley, 1881) along the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 3. Vosmaeropsis recruta sp. nov. (UFBA 4456-POR, holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Subcortical triactine; D—Choanosomal triactine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial triactine; G—Atrial tetractine.

FIGURE 5 in Two new species of the genus Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea), with comments on the distribution of V. sericata (Ridley, 1881) along the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 5. Vosmaeropsis complanatispinifera sp. nov. (UFBA 1882-POR, holotype). A—Fragments of the preserved specimen; B—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; C—Longitudinal section showing the cortex (cx) and atrium (at); D—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton and apical actines with spines (arrowhead) penetrating the atrial cavity (in detail); E—Histological section showing spherical choanocyte chambers (cc); F—Longitudinal section showing the subcortical layer of pseudosagittal triactines (arrowheads); G—Detail of the fragments of trichoxea in the cortical skeleton (arrowheads).

FIGURE 7 in Two new species of the genus Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea), with comments on the distribution of V. sericata (Ridley, 1881) along the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 7. Scanning electron microscopy of V. complanatispinifera sp. nov. (UFBA 1882-POR, holotype). A-C—Flattened apical actine with spines (arrows) in detail.