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Figure 8 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 8. Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota colour micrographs. A, B, live specimen, anterior end, dorsal view. C–F, preserved specimen. C, detail of remaining pigmentation on radioles. D, anterior end showing collar margins, ventral lappets, ventral shields, and neuropodial tori. E, anterior end, lateral view. F, anterior end, dorsal view, showing dorsal collar margins. A, B, AM W.35612; C, AM W.47006; D–F, AM W.22480.
Figure 6. Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, colour micrographs. A in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 6. Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, colour micrographs. A, crown and anterior thoracic segments, lateral view. B, thoracic chaetigers showing ventral shields in contact with neuropodial tori. C, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of crown, showing collar ventral lappets and shape of ventral shields. D, anterior thoracic segments in dorsal view, showing the stiff fleshy swelling separated by the faecal groove. E, same. F, fleshy swelling continuous across dorsum. A, AM W.36946; B, D, AM W.36935; C, E, AM W.36430; F, AM W.32018.
Figure 7. Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, scanning electron microscope photographs. A in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 7. Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, scanning electron microscope photographs. A, anterior thoracic chaetigers and base of radiolar crown, ventral view. B, same, showing collar, lateral view. C, collar dorsal margins, lateral view. D, collar dorsal margins and fleshy swelling divided in two by faecal groove, dorsal view. E, fleshy swelling continuous across dorsum. F, elongate, narrowly hooded collar chaetae. G, inferior thoracic notochaetae (broadly hooded, type B). H, thoracic uncini and companion chaetae. I, J, thoracic uncini from specimens with continuous and divided dorsal swellings, respectively. K, L, companion chaetae from specimens with continuous and divided dorsal swelling, respectively. M, midabdominal, narrowly hooded neurochaetae. N, abdominal uncini. O, posterior abdominal chaetigers and pygidium, ventral view. A, B, D, F, G, H, M, N, AM W.36935; C, E, J, L, O, AM W.32018; I, K, AM W.36430.
Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 4. Cross-sections of radioles near the base showing the supporting cartilaginous vacuolated cells in the rachis (with grey nuclei), surrounded by an extracellular cartilaginous sheath (white) and covered by columnar epithelium (grey). Upper side of drawings are the outer margin of radioles; on the bottom incomplete pinnules are sketched with a blood vessel (black) in between. A, Parasabella aberrans spp. complex. B, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota. C, Parasabella fullo. D, Parasabella bioculata sp. nov. E, Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex. F, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella japonica. G, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa. H, Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov. A, AM W.36947; B, AMW.47009; C, ZMB 5731; D, AM W.46840; E, AM W.47181; F, AM W.36450; G, AM W.36431; H, AM W.47189.
Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 1. Maps with collecting sites in Australia. A, Parasabella aberrans spp. complex, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota, Parasabella bioculata sp. nov. B, Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella japonica, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa, Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov.
Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 2. Comparison of chaetae from different Parasabella, Sabellomma, and Megalomma species. A–G, thoracic inferior chaetae. A, Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex, with type A chaetae (broad hoods and distal ends narrowing abruptly). B–F, type B chaetae (slender hoods and with a progressively tapering distal tip). B, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella aulaconota. C, Parasabella aberrans spp. complex. D, Parasabella bioculata sp. nov. E, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella japonica. F, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa, G, Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov., with type A chaetae. H–M, companion chaetae. H, I, with hoods transversely flattened. H, Megalomma interrupta Capa & Murray, 2009. I, Megalomma phyllisae Capa & Murray, 2009. J, K, with hoods laterally compressed; J, Parasabella crassichaetae sp. nov. complex. K, Parasabella sp. cf. Parasabella rugosa. L, M, with hoods transversely flattened but with very thin, almost needle-like distal mucro. L, Sabellomma cupoculata sp. nov., companion chaeate, top view. M, S. cupoculata sp. nov., companion chaeate, side view.
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood topologies. A, cytochrome oxidase 1 fragments. B, internal transcribed spacer fragment. C, combined data set. Bootstrap supports over 75 in Integrative taxonomy of Parasabella and Sabellomma (Sabellidae: Annelida) from Australia: description of new species, indication of cryptic diversity, and translocation of some species out of their natural distribution range
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood topologies. A, cytochrome oxidase 1 fragments. B, internal transcribed spacer fragment. C, combined data set. Bootstrap supports over 75% shown on nodes. Scale bar, average of nucleotide substitutions per site.
Seasonal variation in community composition and distributional ranges of birds along a subtropical elevation gradient in China
<p><strong>Aim</strong><br> Seasonal variation in community composition and species distributional ranges along elevational gradients remain poorly known but are essential to inform conservation. In this study, we aim to understand how species richness, community composition, and elevational ranges of montane birds change between the breeding and the non-breeding season.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong><br> The east slope of the southern Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, southwestern China, elevational range: 700 - 3400 m a.s.l.; latitudinal range: 24°56´- 26°09´ N.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong><br> We compared bird species richness and community composition in nine 300-m elevational bands in the breeding (April - May) and non-breeding (December - January) seasons. We also calculated seasonal elevational shifts of 97 species with sufficient data recorded in both seasons and assessed how species' traits influenced these shifts.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong><br> Species richness declined in high and low elevations between the breeding and non-breeding season. The temporal beta diversity shift from the breeding to the non-breeding season was mainly caused by species losses rather than species gains in high- and low- elevation communities. Communities in middle elevations showed a contrasting pattern, with seasonal composition change resulting mainly from species gains. We also found that species' seasonal distribution shifts were mainly associated with breeding elevation and diet. Notably, high- and middle-elevation breeders and insectivores significantly shifted their elevational ranges downslope in the non-breeding season. In addition, species that participate in mixed-species flocks and that rely on forests also showed significant downslope shifts in the non-breeding season.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong><br> These results show complex patterns of the interconnectedness of bird communities along the elevational gradient. Keeping forests at middle elevations intact appears especially important as they are used in winter by species that breed at both high and middle elevations. Furthermore, our results suggested conservation actions maintaining connectedness in low and middle elevations are urgently needed to conserve regional biodiversity and highlight the importance of seasonality in montane ecosystem research.</p>
Phenotypic plasticity in desiccation physiology of closely related, range restricted and broadly distributed fruit fly species
<p>1. Variation in geographic range size among closely related species may result from differences in physiological traits, such as desiccation tolerance, that enable these species to interact with their environment or adapt to new surroundings.</p> <p>2. We tested the hypothesis that insect species with a broader geographic range have either a higher basal desiccation tolerance or mount a more plastic response than more narrowly distributed species by exposing four fruit fly species (Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa, Ceratitis cosyra and Ceratitis podocarpi) to one of three acclimation treatments (control: standard relative humidity and temperature; desiccation: standard temperature and low humidity; and temperature: low relative humidity and high temperature) and measuring metabolic rate, activity, water loss rates and survival.</p> <p>3. The targeted physiological responses differed between species and acclimation treatments. Survival of the widely distributed C. capitata improved by up to 43% after short term exposure to high temperature and desiccation (35°C; 0% RH) treatment, while survival in the more narrowly distributed species only improved by 4-30% after a desiccation treatment (25°C; 0% RH).</p> <p>4. Less water was lost by broadly distributed C. capitata through excretion after both high temperature and desiccation treatments, but only activity and respiratory water loss were reduced after the temperature treatment, and total water loss and cuticular water loss declined after the desiccation treatment. The narrowly distributed C. rosa also lost less water through excretion after both acclimation treatments but showed reduced cuticular and respiratory water loss only after desiccation. While basal tolerance in C. cosyra was high, acclimation responses in this species and C. podocarpi were insignificant in that they did not produce a measurable survival benefit.</p> <p>5. Broadly distributed species successfully employed unique combinations of physiological strategies, with some having highly flexible responses to stressful environmental conditions, which ultimately results in beneficial acclimation to enhance survival during dry conditions. By contrast, range restricted species showed limited responses to desiccation stress. Flexible desiccation responses likely contribute to species geographic ranges in changing climate conditions.</p>
FIGURE 2 in A new distributional range of Abraxas antipusilla Inoue, 1995 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from Eastern Himalaya, India
FIGURE 2. Wing pattern, genitalia structures and distribution range of Abraxas antipusilla Inoue 1995: (A–B) Dorsal view; (C) Genitalia capsule; (D) Aedeagus; (E) Female genitalia; (F) Close up on the signum; (G) Close up on the lamella antevaginalis; (H) Distribution map of all currently known records from Indian Himalayan Region.
FIGURE 1 in A new distributional range of Abraxas antipusilla Inoue, 1995 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from Eastern Himalaya, India
FIGURE 1. Wing pattern, genitalia structures and distribution range of Abraxas pusilla Butler 1880: (A–B) Dorsal view; (C) Genitalia capsule; (D) Aedeagus; (E) Female genitalia; (F) Close up on the signum; (G) Close up on the lamella antevaginalis; (H) Distribution map of all currently known records from Indian Himalayan Region.
FIGURE 3 in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 3. Erpocotyle catenulata female reproductive system. Abbreviations: ao, anterior portion of ovary; cvd, common vitelline duct; gic, gastrointestinal canal; me, Mehlis' glands associated with base of ôtype; od, oviduct; ovo, ovovitelline duct; oot, base of ôtype; po, proximal portion of ovary; sr, seminal receptacle; tvd, transverse vitelline duct; ut, uterus; v, vagina. Scale bar = 500 μm.
FIGURE 8. Hypanocotyle bullardi. A in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 8. Hypanocotyle bullardi. A. Whole mount; B. Sucker-complex sclerites 1–3; C. Hamulus. Abbreviations as for Figures 1, 2 and 3; note: proximal portion of vagina (pv) is unilaterally dilated as a likely result of recent copulation. Scale bars: A = 4000 μm; B = 500 μm; C = 60 μm.
FIGURE 2 in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 2. Erpocotyle catenulata male reproductive system. Abbreviations: dr, distal region of male copulatory organ (= cr, cirrus); mco, male copulatory organ; pc, prostatic gland cells; vd, vas deferens. Scale bar = 100 μm.
FIGURE 10 in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 10. Hypanocotyle bullardi female reproductive system. Abbreviations as for Figures 3 and 7. Scale bar = 1000 μm.
FIGURE 7 in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 7. Heteronchocotyle gymnurae female reproductive system. Abbreviations: fsr, false seminal receptacle. Other abbreviations as for Figures 3 and 4. Scale bar = 200 μm.
FIGURE 4. Heteronchocotyle gymnurae. A in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 4. Heteronchocotyle gymnurae. A. Whole mount, ventral view; B. Sucker-complex sclerites 1a, b; 2a, b; 3 (representing both a and b); C. Hamulus. Abbreviations: ag, anterior gland duct openings; eg, egg; pg, pharyngeal glands; pv, proximal section of vagina; other abbreviations as for Figures 1, 2 and 3. Scale bars: A = 2000 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 50 μm.
FIGURE 1. Erpocotyle catenulata. A in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 1. Erpocotyle catenulata. A. Whole mount, ventral view; B. Sucker-complex sclerites 1–3; C. Hamulus. Abbreviations: app, appendix; aps, appendix sucker; i, intestinal caecum; os; oral sucker; p, pharynx; pap, region of papillae associated with oral sucker; t, testes; vit, vitellarium; vp, vaginal pore. Scale bars: A = 4000 μm; B = 500 μm; C = 70 μm.
FIGURE 6 in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 6. Heteronchocotyle gymnurae male reproductive system. Abbreviations: cgp, common genital pore; dvd, distal glandular region of vas deferens. Other abbreviations as for Figure 4. Scale bar = 400 μm.
FIGURE 9 in Species of Hexabothriidae (Monogenea) may have extensive distribution ranges reflecting multiple host species: evidence from three new South African records
FIGURE 9. Hypanocotyle bullardi male reproductive system. Abbreviations: cgp, common genital pore; dvd, distal vas deferens; lcc, large conspicuous cells of the proximal vas deferens wall; ms, muscular proximal section of male copulatory organ; nms, non-muscular proximal section of male copulatory organ; pvd, proximal vas deferens; ve, vas efferens; other abbreviations as for Figure 3. Scale bar = 1000 μm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.