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1,669 results for “Isopod”
Data from: Bearding the scorpion in his den: desert isopods take risks to validate their 'landscape of fear' assessment
Animals balance the risk of predation against other vital needs by adjusting their spatial behavior to match spatiotemporal variation in predation risk. To map this 'landscape of fear', prey use evolutionary rules of thumbs that are associated with the activity and hunting efficiency of predators. In addition, prey acquire perceptual information about the presence, identity, and state of potential predators and use these cues to focus their acute anti-predatory responses. Our goal was to explore if and how prey also use such perceptual information that decays with time to update their spatiotemporal risk assessment. We placed scorpions in freshly dug burrows and recorded the isopods' spatial activity and their defense behavior upon encountering the burrows straight after settling the scorpions and seven days later. To corroborate our understanding, we also examined the isopods' detailed reactions towards deserted scorpion burrows. The isopods reacted defensively to scorpion burrows during their first encounter. After seven days, proportionally more isopods approached the scorpion burrows on their way out for foraging and fewer isopods encountered it on their way back. No changes in the spatial activity were observed towards deserted burrows. In addition, on the eighth day, more isopods entered the risky area near the scorpion burrows when leaving their own burrow than on the first encounter. The results suggest that isopods used predator cues to readjust the 'landscape of fear'. Yet, rather than avoiding the dangerous areas altogether, the isopods implemented risky inspection behavior, validating whether the danger is actual. Our findings imply that inspection behavior toward predators can be used for future planning of prey spatial activity, offsetting possible 'information decay costs'.
Data from: A complex evolutionary history in a remote archipelago: phylogeography and morphometrics of the Hawaiian endemic Ligia isopods
Compared to the striking diversification and levels of endemism observed in many terrestrial groups within the Hawaiian Archipelago, marine invertebrates exhibit remarkably lower rates of endemism and diversification. Supralittoral invertebrates restricted to specific coastal patchy habitats, however, have the potential for high levels of allopatric diversification. This is the case of Ligia isopods endemic to the Hawaiian Archipelago, which most likely arose from a rocky supralittoral ancestor that colonized the archipelago via rafting, and diversified into rocky supralittoral and inland lineages. A previous study on populations of this isopod from Oʻahu and Kauaʻi revealed high levels of allopatric differentiation, and suggested inter-island historical dispersal events have been rare. To gain a better understanding on the diversity and evolution of this group, we expanded prior phylogeographic work by incorporating populations from unsampled main Hawaiian Islands (Maui, Molokaʻi, Lanaʻi, and Hawaiʻi), increasing the number of gene markers (four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes), and conducting Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Our study revealed new lineages and expanded the distribution range of several lineages. The phylogeographic patterns of Ligia in the study area are complex, with Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, and the Maui-Nui islands sharing major lineages, implying multiple inter-island historical dispersal events. In contrast, the oldest and most geographically distant of the major islands (Kauaʻi) shares no lineages with the other islands. Our results did not support the monophyly of all the supralittoral lineages (currently grouped into L. hawaiensis), or the monophyly of the terrestrial lineages (currently grouped into L. perkinsi), implying more than one evolutionary transition between coastal and inland forms. Geometric-morphometric analyses of three supralittoral clades revealed significant body shape differences among them. A taxonomic revision of Hawaiian Ligia is warranted. Our results are relevant for the protection of biodiversity found in an environment subject to high pressure from disturbances.
Data from: Constrained body shape among highly genetically divergent allopatric lineages of the supralittoral isopod Ligia occidentalis (Oniscidea)
Multiple highly divergent lineages have been identified within Ligia occidentalis sensu lato, a rocky supralittoral isopod distributed along a ~3000 km latitudinal gradient that encompasses several proposed marine biogeographic provinces and ecoregions in the eastern Pacific. Highly divergent lineages have nonoverlapping geographic distributions, with distributional limits that generally correspond with sharp environmental changes. Crossbreeding experiments suggest postmating reproductive barriers exist among some of them, and surveys of mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers do not show evidence of hybridization. Populations are highly isolated, some of which appear to be very small; thus, the effects of drift are expected to reduce the efficiency of selection. Large genetic divergences among lineages, marked environmental differences in their ranges, reproductive isolation, and/or high isolation of populations may have resulted in morphological differences in L. occidentalis, not detected yet by traditional taxonomy. We used landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses to test for differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages of L. occidentalis, and among populations within these lineages. We analyzed a total of 492 individuals from 53 coastal localities from the southern California Bight to Central Mexico, including the Gulf of California. We conducted discriminant function analyses (DFAs) on body shape morphometrics to assess morphological variation among genetically differentiated lineages and their populations. We also tested for associations between phylogeny and morphological variation, and whether genetic divergence is correlated to multivariate morphological divergence. We detected significant differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages, and among populations within these lineages. Nonetheless, neither lineages nor populations can be discriminated on the basis of body shape, because correct classification rates of cross-validated DFAs were low. Genetic distance and phylogeny had weak to no effect on body shape variation. The supralittoral environment appears to exert strong stabilizing selection and/or strong functional constraints on body shape in L. occidentalis, thereby leading to morphological stasis in this isopod.
Data from: Bayesian phylogeographic inferences reveal contrasting colonization dynamics among European groundwater isopods
The potentially important role of northern microrefugia during postglacial dispersal is challenging the view of southern Europe as a refuge and source area of European biota. In groundwaters, large geographic ranges of presumably good dispersers are increasingly suspected to consist of assemblages of cryptic species with narrow ranges. Moreover, a large species range, even when confirmed by molecular evidence, tells us little about the spatiotemporal dynamics of dispersal. Here, we used phylogenetic inferences, species delineation methods and Bayesian phylogeographic diffusion models to test for the likelihood of postglacial colonization from distant refugia among five morphospecies of Proasellus (Isopoda, Asellidae). All morphospecies except one were monophyletic, but they comprised a total of 15–17 cryptic species. Three cryptic species retained ranges that spanned a distance >650 km, similar to that of the nominal morphospecies. Bayesian diffusion models based on mitochondrial markers revealed considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in dispersal rates, suggesting that short-time dispersal windows were instrumental in shaping species ranges. Only one species was found to experience a recent, presumably postglacial, range expansion. The Jura and Alpine foothills probably played a major role in maintaining diversity within Proasellus in northern regions by acting both as diversification hotspots and Pleistocene refugia. Gaining insight into the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dispersal rates revealed contrasting colonization dynamics among species that were not consistent with a global postglacial colonization of Europe from distant refugia.
Figure 1 in Microscopic morphology of the antennule and antenna of the marine isopod Cirolana harfordi
Figure 1. Whole body images of Cirolana harfordi, (a) Dorsal aspect of a living specimen. Inset line drawing shows animal with antennae in the anatomical position at right angles to body midline; (b) Ventral aspect of a dead specimen, the left antenna is visible, the right antenna is situated under the legs.
Figure 4 in Microscopic morphology of the antennule and antenna of the marine isopod Cirolana harfordi
Figure 4. The Antenna. (a) the right antenna, ventral aspect, peduncle articles are numbered; (b) the left antenna, dorsal aspect; (c) the peduncle of the right antenna, ventral aspect.
Figure 11 in Microscopic morphology of the antennule and antenna of the marine isopod Cirolana harfordi
Figure 11. Diagram of the antenna. (a) right antenna, dorsal aspect; (b) right antenna, ventral aspect. Plumose setae and pit setae are indicated, all other non-arrowed setae are simple setae.
Figure 6 in Microscopic morphology of the antennule and antenna of the marine isopod Cirolana harfordi
Figure 6. Scales and pits of the integument. (a) posterior aspect of the first article of the peduncle of the right antennule showing scales that make up most of the integument surface, cuticle extensions on scales can be seen in some regions, peduncle articles are numbered; (b) close up of the edge of scales that have cuticle extensions; (c) left antenna, fifth article of the peduncle (numbered), ventral aspect; (d) a pit with central pit seta; (e) pit seta showing the sub-terminal pore; (f) the pore of a pit seta with cupule inside.
Figure 10 in Microscopic morphology of the antennule and antenna of the marine isopod Cirolana harfordi
Figure 10. Diagram of the antennule. (a) left antennule, ventral aspect; (b) right antennule, dorsal aspect.
Figure 3 in Microscopic morphology of the antennule and antenna of the marine isopod Cirolana harfordi
Figure 3. The Antennule. (a) The right antennule in situ, ventral view, the antenna has been removed, (b) An excised antennule mounted on the end of a toothpick, dorsal aspect; (c) Ventral aspect of the fourth article of the peduncle on the left antennule.
Figure 5 in Microscopic morphology of the antennule and antenna of the marine isopod Cirolana harfordi
Figure 5. Number of antenna flagella articles compared to animal length. (a) Length and breadth of males and females; (b) number of articles in the antenna flagella plotted against animal length, ** = p <0.01.
Figure 2 in Microscopic morphology of the antennule and antenna of the marine isopod Cirolana harfordi
Figure 2. The antennae and antennulae in situ. (a) Ventral view of the pereion (thorax) and cephalon (head). The maxillipeds (spoon-shaped outer mouthparts) and the three most anterior pairs of pereopods (walking legs) have been removed; (b) Anterior view of the cephalon and its antennulae and antennae.
FIGURE 4 in Mexicope sushara sp. nov., the first New Zealand record of the isopod crustacean family Acanthaspidiidae (Asellota)
FIGURE 4. Mexicope sushara sp. nov. Holotype. A–D, pereopods 1, 2, 6 and 7 respectively; E, pereopod 7 dactylus.
FIGURE 3 in Mexicope sushara sp. nov., the first New Zealand record of the isopod crustacean family Acanthaspidiidae (Asellota)
FIGURE 3. Mexicope sushara sp. nov. Holotype. A, right mandible; B, left mandible; C, maxilla (entire); D, maxilla, distal detail; E, maxillule (entire); F, maxillule, distal detail.
FIGURE 4 in Mesosignum weddellensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Asellota: Mesosignidae), a new isopod species from the abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
FIGURE 4, Mesosignum weddellensis sp. nov., holotype ɗ (2.0 mm). a, pereopod 6; b, pereopod 3; c, first pleopod; d, second pleopod; e, left uropod. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Mesosignum weddellensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Asellota: Mesosignidae), a new isopod species from the abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
FIGURE 3, Mesosignum weddellensis sp. nov., holotype ɗ (2.0 mm). a, pereopod 1; b, pereopod 2; c, pereopod 4; d, pereopod 5; e, pereopod 7. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Mesosignum weddellensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Asellota: Mesosignidae), a new isopod species from the abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
FIGURE 2, Mesosignum weddellensis sp. nov., holotype (2.0 mm). a, left mandible; b, right mandible; c, maxillule; d, maxilla; e, maxilliped. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Mesosignum weddellensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Asellota: Mesosignidae), a new isopod species from the abyssal Weddell Sea, Antarctica
FIGURE 1, Mesosignum weddellensis sp. nov., holotype ɗ (2.0 mm). a, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm, b, antennule; c, antenna. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Mexicope sushara sp. nov., the first New Zealand record of the isopod crustacean family Acanthaspidiidae (Asellota)
FIGURE 2. Mexicope sushara sp. nov. Holotype, except B, paratype (NIWA 3299). A, maxilliped; B, maxilliped endite, mesial margin, from dorsal view; C, maxilliped endite, distal margin; D, antennule; E, antenna, peduncle articles 2–4; F, antenna, peduncle articles 5, 6 and flagellum.
FIGURE 1 in Mexicope sushara sp. nov., the first New Zealand record of the isopod crustacean family Acanthaspidiidae (Asellota)
FIGURE 1. Mexicope sushara sp. nov. Holotype, except F–H, paratype (NIWA 3299). A, dorsal view; B, pleotelson, lateral margin; C, pleotelson, ventral view, post dissection; D, anal aperture; E, pleotelson, ventral view, predissection; F, head; G, lateral view; H, pleotelson, ventral view, female paratype; I, setae from middorsum, pereonite 2; J, posterior lobe, lateral margin, pereonite 2. Scale line = 0. 5 mm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.