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FIG. 2. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 2. — H. edomensis (cont.); A, enlarged view (macrogametocyte?) showing mitochondria, some with electron-dense deposit (open arrow), Golgi-like organelle, vacuoles with phagosomal residue, trapezoid body and inclusions of unknown nature; B, apparently juvenile stage with nucleus containing two (split) nucleoli, some endoplasmic reticulum is filled with electron-dense material (larger arrow), and M3 is also visible (smaller arrows), tubular structures are enclosed within an endoplasmic reticulum cisterna; C, view of tubulies inside cisternae; D, macrogametocyte with dense ribosomal contents, a compact nucleus and a Golgi-like organelle; E-F, Haemoproteus mackerrasi; E, H. mackerrasi gametocyte inside an erythrocyte of Heteronota binoei; F, H. mackerrasi in gut contents of Culex fatigans induced to engorge Heteronota binoei. Note loose, undulating lamina remaining of M1 membrane (arrows). Abbreviations: cy, cytostome; e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; ec, inclusion with crystalline deposit (hemozoin); g, Golgi; m, mitochondria; n, nucleus; nu, nucleolus; o, osmiophilic bodies; rer, rough endoplasmic reticulum; t, tubular structures; tr, "trapezoid organelle"; v, vacuole. Scale bars: 1 µm.

FIG. 5. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 5. — H. ptyodactyli (cont.); A, whole view of a macrogametocyte; note an inclusion of unknown entity, i, and sub-pellicular vacuoles, vi; B, juvenile gametocyte with conspicuous cytostome connected to food vacuole, with adjacent empty food vacuole (fe); C, folded microgametocyte (Mi) with lobated nucleus and numerous osmiophilic bodies, note its lower ribosomal content in comparison to the dense ribosomal content in the cytoplasm of the adjacent macrogametocyte (Ma); D, sector of a microgametocyte showing osmiophilic bodies connected by a ductule with the cell boundary zone (empty arrow - inclusion of unknown entity); E, cross section of a microgametocyte with numerous osmiophilic bodies. Abbreviations: cy, cytostome; e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; ec, inclusion with crystalline deposit (hemozoin); er, endoplasmic reticulum and connected cisternae; fi, food vacuole; g, Golgi; m, mitochondria; n, nucleus; o, osmiophilic bodies; tt, true microtubules; v, vacuole. Scale bars: A, B, D, 0.5 µm; C, 2 µm; E, 1 µm.

FIG. 3. — A-B, H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 3. — A-B, H. mackerrasi (cont.); A, enlarged view of intraerythrocytic H. mackerrasi; B, enlarged detail to show wall membranes of H. mackerrasi infecting an intrahepatic proerythrocyte; C-F; Haemoproteus oedurae, apparently microgametocyte stages, from Oedura castelnaui; C, general view; D, microgametocyte with a very large mitochondrion and a conspicuous Golgi-like organelle; E, anterior end, showing oblong osmiophilic bodies; F, detailed view of Golgi-like organelle. Abbreviations: ec, inclusion with crystalline deposit (hemozoin); er, endoplasmic reticulum and connected cisternae; g, Golgi; M1, 2 and 3, parasites' outer, median and inner boundary membranes; m, mitochondrion; n, nucleus; o, osmiophilic body. Scale bars: 0.5 µm.

FIG. 8. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 8. — H. tarentolae (cont.); A, juvenile gametocyte; B, another microgametocyte with the central electron-lucent space. Abbreviations: e, vacuole with phagosomal residues; fi, food vacuole; n, nucleus; o, osmiophilic bodies; w, electron-lucent space. Scale bars: 1 µm.

FIG. 7. — H in Fine structure of gametocytes in five species of Haemoproteus (Haemosporidia) from geckos and agamid lizards

FIG. 7. — H. tarentolae (cont.), a microgametocyte with central, large, electron-lucent space. Abbreviations: n, nucleus; o, osmiophilic bodies; w, electron-lucent space. Scale bar: 1 µm.

Figure 1. A in The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards

Figure 1. A, phylogenetic relationships among major lizard clades showing the evolution of foraging mode across squamates. The cladogram is based on Estes, de Queiroz & Gauthier (1988). B, phylogenetic relationships among the taxa included in this study. Sit-and-wait foraging (black bars) is presumed to be the basal condition for both Meroles and Pedioplanis. See text for details. The cladogram is based on Arnold (1991).

Figure 3 in The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards

Figure 3. Scatterplot of snout–vent length (mm) and bite force (Newtons). Without correcting for body size differences, P. namaquensis was significantly different from all other species and P. lineoocellata was significantly different from H. lugubris. After correcting for body size, H. lugubris was significantly different from the other species. The error bars represent standard error. Hl = H. lugubris, Ms = M. suborbitalis, Pl = P. lineoocellata, Pn = P. namaquensis.

Figure 4 in The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards

Figure 4. Phylogenetic mapping of skull morphology, biting performance, and foraging mode in four lacertid species. A, evolutionary transitions based on the analysis of the raw morphological and bite force data (Table 1, underlining). B, evolutionary changes based on the canonical variates analysis (boxes; Table 3) and size-corrected ANO- VAs (bars and circles; Table 1, lettering). Shared shading or symbols within the circles or boxes indicates no significant difference. The SW and WF species were expected to covary in morphology and biting performance; however, only sizecorrected head length and head width met those predictions. See text for details.

Figure 2 in The relationship between skull morphology, biting performance and foraging mode in Kalahari lacertid lizards

Figure 2. Three-dimensional plot of mean canonical scores of each lacertid species. Hl = Heliobolus lugubris (WF); Ms = Meroles suborbitalis (SW); Pl = Pedioplanis lineoocellata (SW); Pn = Pedioplanis namaquensis (WF).

Figure 11 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Figure 11. Size (length of dentaries, mm) of lizard groups in the late Eocene and early Oligocene of Europe.

Figure 12 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Figure 12. Trophic diversity and relative abundance for late Eocene and early Oligocene lizard faunas in Europe. Carnivorous = vertebrate-eater.

Figure 8 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Figure 8. Necrosaurus sp., complete frontal, IRSNB R 249, previously BOU-AR-42-RS. 8a, dorsal view; 8b, ventral view.

Figure 6 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Figure 6. Dopasia roqueprunensis, incomplete parietal, IRSNB R 247, previously BOU-AR-38-RS. 6a, dorsal view; 6b, ventral view.

Figure 5 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Figure 5. Dopasia roqueprunensis, nearly complete left dentary, IRSNB R 246, previously BOU-AR-26-RS. 5a, lateral view; 5b, medial view.

Figure 1. Lacerta s.l in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Figure 1. Lacerta s.l. filholi, nearly complete left dentary, IRSNB R242, previously BOU-AR-27-RS. 1a, lateral view; 1b, medial view.

Figure 3 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Figure 3. Scincoidea undetermined incomplete left dentary, lacking its anterior part, IRSNB R 244, previously BOU-AR-37-RS. 3a, lateral view; 3b, medial view.

Figure 10 in An assemblage of early Oligocene lizards (Squamata) from the locality of Boutersem (Belgium), with comments on the Eocene-Oligocene transition

Figure 10. Diversity and extinction of lizard groups in the late Eocene and early Oligocene of Europe.

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Figure 11 in The skull of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus ecpleopus (Reptilia: Squamata)

Figure 11. Neusticurus ecpleopus. Left otooccipital (MVZ 163394) in A, posterolateral; B, lateral; and C, anteromedial views. Note that the view in B is designed to show the perilymphatic foramen opening into the rst; the medial opening of the rst is out of the plane of view. Abbreviations: co.ca, cochlear cavity; Eo, exoccipital; f.o, fenestra ovalis; f.12, hypoglossal nerve foramina (cranial nerve XII); hsc, path of horizontal semicircular canal; l.rst, lateral aperture of recessus scala tympani; par, posterior ampullary recess; per.f, perilymphatic foramen; poc.pr, paroccipital process; psc, path of posterior semicircular canal; pt, pit for hyoid (see text); u.r, utricular recess, groove for horizontal semicircular canal leading toward utricle; v.f, vagus foramen (cranial nerve X); v.r, vestibular recess. Scale bar = 1 mm.

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Figure 13 in The skull of the gymnophthalmid lizard Neusticurus ecpleopus (Reptilia: Squamata)

Figure 13. Neusticurus ecpleopus. Hyoid apparatus. Posterior end of mandible, anterior and posterior ends of braincase, larynx, and trachea are shaded to show relative position. Cartilage is white, calcified cartilage is stippled, and bone is black; A, hatchling, 22.4 mm SVL (KU 148246); B, subadult, 47.6 mm SVL (MVZ 174896). bh, basihyal; eh, epihyal; fe, free epibranchial; hc, hyoid cornu; pl, processus lingualis; 1c, first ceratobranchial; 1e, first epibranchial; 2c, second ceratobranchial. Scale bars = 1 mm.