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13,343 results for “Primary”
Data from: "Steroidal glycoside profile differences among primary roots system and adventitious roots in Solanum dulcamara"
<p>The zip-file contains all chromatograms reported in vendor (.D) and open-source (.mzxml) formats.</p>
Technology transfer from Nordic capital parenting companies to Lithuanian and Estonian subsidiaries or joint capital com-panies: the analysis of the obtained primary data
<p>Scientific literature describes various factors influencing knowledge transfer and successful adoption, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation. These four components are mostly related to the absorptive capacity of the company. However, more factors influence both developments of innovations or patents and the lack of ability to use external and internal information (knowledge).<strong> </strong>Using external knowledge is often associated with previous experience or even a point of view towards investment in innovation or developing patents. Thus, the companies might be divided into innovators and imitators. The research addresses several problems (questions). What external factors are influencing knowledge transfer and further development of innovation? What factors are influencing absorptive capacity? What factors are essential in cooperation and knowledge transfer to switch from a linear to a circular economy? To collect data, a computer-assisted telephone interviewing method was used. The survey was addressed to subsidiaries, joint companies, Lithuanian-Nordic, Estonian-Nordic capital companies, or companies in close collaboration with the Nordic countries. 158 companies from Estonia and Lithuania agreed to answer all questions. The survey involves companies of various sizes and ages from different business sectors. Reliability was denoted as Cronbach's alpha has been estimated. KMO test was used to measure whether data is suitable for principal component analysis.</p> <p> Additionally, PCA was performed. PCA reduced the number of variables into an extracted number of components. The separate row of the component defined a linear composite of the component score that would be the expected value of associated variable. The data set may be used to develop interlinkages among the research mentioned above questions, and results of introducing innovation, the company's size, and age might be used as control variables. The article aims to analyze factors determining innovation development and their interlinkages while technology is transferred from Nordic parenting companies to the subsidiaries. The article's results contribute to the interdisciplinary knowledge transfer, innovations, and internationalization field.</p>
Ecological drivers of avian diversity in a subtropical landscape: effects of habitat diversity, primary productivity and anthropogenic disturbance
<p>Understanding the roles of ecological drivers in shaping biodiversity is fundamental for conservation practice. In this study, we explored the effects of elevation, conservation status, primary productivity, habitat diversity, and anthropogenic disturbance (represented by human population density and birding history) on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional avian diversity in a subtropical landscape in southeastern China. We conducted bird surveys using 1-km transects across a total of 30 sites, of which 10 sites were located within a natural reserve. Metrics of functional diversity were calculated based on six functional traits (body mass, clutch size, dispersal ratio, sociality, diet and foraging stratum). We built simultaneous autoregression models to assess the association between the ecological factors and diversity of the local avian communities. Local avian diversity generally increased with increasing habitat diversity, human population density and primary productivity. We also detected phylogenetic and functional clustering in these communities, suggesting that the avian assemblages were structured mainly by environmental filtering, rather than interspecific competition. Compared to sites outside the natural reserve, sites within the natural reserve had relatively lower avian diversity but a higher level of phylogenetic heterogeneity.</p>
Sex, landscape diversity and primary productivity shape the seasonal space use of a migratory European raptor
Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers shape the space use of wide-ranging raptors. A large proportion of raptors are migrants that shift their activity ranges between summer and winter habitats, where they encounter different environmental conditions. Analysing the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers on the space use in summer and winter habitats provides crucial insights into the ecology of migratory raptors. Here, we investigated the seasonal space use by 43 red kites (Milvus milvus) tracked by GPS-transmitters across central and south-western Europe over seven years. We compared space use patterns, i.e., activity range sizes and mean daily distances of the birds between summer and winter, and analysed the influence of extrinsic (landscape diversity, primary productivity) and intrinsic factors (sex). Within summer, we investigated the influence of breeding success and sex on activity range sizes. We further analysed differences in habitat availability and habitat selection between seasons. We found that space use was smaller in summers than in winters. When compared to those of males, activity ranges of female red kites were larger in summers and smaller in winters, with shorter mean daily distances in both seasons. Within summer, successfully breeding red kites had smaller activity range sizes in both sexes, but this effect was stronger in females than in males. Regardless of the season, landscape diversity was positively correlated with space use, whereas primary productivity was negatively correlated with it. The habitat use differed between seasons, with agricultural landscapes being less proportionally used in summers than in winters. Overall, we showed that both intrinsic and extrinsic drivers shaped space use in both the seasons, leading to differences in space use patterns and habitat use in migratory raptors between their summer and winter habitats. Our findings underline the importance of consideration of the entire annual cycle of migratory species for conservation management.
Proximity labeling of tau interactions in primary neurons and mouse brain
<p><span>Microtubule-associated protein tau is a central factor in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. However, physiological functions of tau are unclear. Here, we used proximity labelling proteomics to chart functional tau interactomes in primary neurons and mouse brai<span>n <span>in vivo</span></span><span>. Here, we use proximity labelling with the biotin ligase BioID2 to map interactomes of tau in neurons. Data sets relate to mass spectrometry and protein identification of biotinylated proteins in primary neurons and in mouse brain after delivery of BioID2-tau fusion protein or BioID2 control protein by adeno-associated virus (AAV). Mouse brain samples are either from P35 wild-type mice with intracranial AAV delivery at P0 or from tau knockout mice at P60 after hippocampal delivery of AAV. Details on BioID2 fusion protein expression, biotin supplementation and sample extraction can be obtained in the associated publication.<br></span></span></p>
Primary NMR fid data for Abas, M. et al.
<p>Primary data fid files for 1H NMR and 13C{1H} NMR spectra of compounds 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 2a, 2b, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8 from the manuscript "Truce-Smiles Rearrangement of Carbanion Nucleophiles Stabilized by Various Functional Groups".</p>
DNA metabarcoding confirms primary targets and breadth of diet for coral reef butterflyfishes
<p>Understanding species-specific resource requirements is paramount in managing and protecting biodiversity in a world where environmental quality is in decline. Dietary data can inform predator–prey relationships and how changes in prey availability impact different species. However, for many coral reef fishes, prey and predatory events can be difficult to observe and identify, both in situ and within examined stomach samples. Here we applied DNA metabarcoding of stomach content samples for eleven Red Sea butterflyfish species to identify the diversity of dietary components that these primarily benthic feeding fish consume across coral reefs. Detections based on 18S and COI sequences from partially digested stomach contents significantly increased the resolution and diversity of the known diet for this group of fish, which included cryptic prey that are difficult to visually document due to soft parts or morphological ambiguity. In addition to scleractinian corals and other Cnidaria, the obligate corallivore species fed on a wide range of benthic organisms, whereas facultative species displayed a broader diet with crustaceans, tunicates, and worms contributing to samples. While a number of individuals contained DNA that could not be confidently identified using this method, the proportion of unidentifiable sequences was relatively low across butterflyfish species. The COI marker identified the importance of soft corals in the diet for two hard coral specialists; <em>Chaetodon melannotus</em> and <em>Chaetodon</em> <em>semilarvatus</em>, with soft coral detected in over half of the individuals and contributing significantly to the number of DNA sequence reads within their gut. Notably, five prey items identified to the species level were detected that are currently not documented in the Red Sea. Our analysis revealed that the diet of different species of butterflyfish significantly overlaps, with all species deriving most of their diet from the phylum Cnidaria (hard and soft coral, anemones) and symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae algae. Furthermore, accumulation curves suggest that all study species may feed on an even greater fraction of the benthos, likely driven by the availability and diversity of each individual/pair's associated territory. This approach increases the known dietary resolution and diversity of these key reef fishes and further enhances our understanding between butterflyfish and benthic organisms.</p>
Global Forest Watch data: Global Tree Cover loss, Carbon data and Primary Forest loss
<p>Both datasets are available on the Global Forest Watch website on their Dashboard. The Datasets on their Dashboard are updated from time to time and can differ from the ones uploaded here. The datasets provided here are used for supporting analysis of a journal article about REDD+ in countries with high forest and low deforestation rates (HFLD).</p> <p><strong>References:</strong><br> Hansen M C<em> et al</em> 2013 High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change <em>Science</em> <strong>342</strong> 850–3, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1239552</p> <p>Harris N L<em> et al</em> 2021 Global maps of twenty-first century forest carbon fluxes <em>Nature Clim Change</em> <strong>11</strong> 234–40, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00976-6</p> <p>Turubanova S, Potapov P V, Tyukavina A and Hansen M C 2018 Ongoing primary forest loss in Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia <em>Environ. Res. Lett.</em> <strong>13</strong> 74028, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacd1c</p> <p>University of Maryland and World Resources Institute "Global Primary Forest Loss". Accessed through Global Forest Watch, www.globalforestwatch.org (accessed 12 Sep 2022)</p>
Pelagic primary production in northern lakes
<p>These datasets present data on pelagic gross primary production (GPP) of detailed depth profiles ("GPPzrates") and lake averages ("GPPlakeaverages") of summer pelagic GPP together with environmental and climatic data across 45 small and shallow lakes across northern Sweden. The datasets include 20 boreal, 6 subarctic, and 19 arctic lakes. </p>
Clustering of psychological profiles of primary school pupils
<p>Traditionally, arbitrary psychological research on different types of student activities uses certain sets of tests that reflect different states of students. These states are defined on the basis of certain criteria, the values of which are usually reflected by numerical scales with different intervals. Table 1 provides a list of these profiles and their factors, evaluation criteria with corresponding scales. Table 2 presents generalized results of testing of primary school pupils of the 2nd grade. <br> Due to the fact that the whole study is implemented on the basis of certain psychological profiles, which we also interpret as hyperproperties, in our case they are the receptors. <br> So the psychological profile of school motivation as a hyper-property defines five receptors, namely: <br> school motivation_high level <br> school motivation_good school motivation <br> school motivation_positive attitude to school<br> school motivation_low school motivation <br> school motivation_negative attitude to school<br> The protocol of cluster formation with receptor names is given in the file result of clustering.rtf</p> <p>Традиційно довільне психологічне дослідження різних видів діяльності учнів використовує певні набори тестів, які відображають різні стани учнів. Ці стани визначаються на основі певних критеріїв, значення яких звичайно відображаються числовими шкалами з різними інтервалами. вказані критерії оцінювання можуть бути проінтерпретовані як відповідні властивості учнів, що мають різні рівні прояву в їх діяльності. У табл. 1 наведено перелік цих профілів та їх фактори, означено критерії їх оцінювання з відповідними шкалами. У табл.2 наведені узагальнені результати тестування молодших учнів 2-го класу. <br> У зв’язку з тим, що усе дослідження реалізується на основі певних психологічних профілів, які ми ще й інтерпретуємо як гіпервластивості, у нашому випадку рецепторами є саме вони. <br> Так психологічний профіль school motivation, як гіпервластивість визначає п’ять рецепторів, а саме: <br> school motivation_high level <br> school motivation_good school motivation <br> school motivation_positive attitude to school<br> school motivation_low school motivation <br> school motivation_negative attitude to school<br> Протокол утворення кластерів з іменами рецепторів наведено в файлі result of clustering.rtf</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Landscape determinants of lake benthic and pelagic primary production
<p>Global change affects gross primary production (GPP) in benthic and pelagic habitats of northern lakes by influencing catchment characteristics and lake water biogeochemistry. However, how changes in key environmental drivers manifest and impact total (i.e., benthic + pelagic) GPP and the partitioning of total GPP between habitats, here represented by the benthic share (autotrophic structuring) is unclear. This dataset presentes compiled data on summer gross primary productivity (GPP) in benthic and pelagic habitats sampled <em>in situ</em> between 2005-2017, together with water chemistry, from 26 shallow lakes (maximum 3.7-15.8 m deep) from three different sites in northern Sweden, located in the Arctic (Norrbotten), subarctic (Jämtland) and boreal (Västerbotten) biomes. The three study regions have variable elevation gradients and vegetation cover. The study lakes cover a wide range of DOC (1.5-16.3 mg·L<sup>-1</sup>) and accompanied water physico-chemistry.</p> <p>Using this dataset, we investigate how catchment properties (air temperature, land cover, hydrology) affect lake physico-chemistry and patterns of total GPP and autotrophic structuring. We find that total GPP was mostly light limited, due to high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations originating from catchment soils with coniferous vegetation and wetlands, which is further promoted by high catchment runoff. In contrast, autotrophic structuring related mostly to the relative size of the benthic habitat, and was potentially modified by CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization. Across Arctic and subarctic sites, DIC and CO<sub>2</sub> were unrelated to DOC, indicating that external inputs of inorganic carbon can influence lake productivity patterns independent of terrestrial DOC supply. By comparison, DOC and CO<sub>2</sub> were correlated across boreal lakes, suggesting that DOC mineralization acts as an important CO<sub>2</sub> source for these sites.</p> <p>Our results underline that GPP as a resource is regulated by landscape properties, and is sensitive to large-scale global changes (warming, hydrological intensification, recovery of acidification) that promote changes in catchment characteristics and aquatic physico-chemistry. Our findings aid in predicting global change impacts on autotrophic structuring, and thus community structure and resource use of aquatic consumers in general. Given the similarities of global changes across the Northern hemisphere, our findings are likely relevant for northern lakes globally. </p>
Figures 42-43. Primary courtship positions for P. pacosauritus. Figure 42. Stationary position. Figure 43 in Description of Phidippus pacosauritus sp. nov. (Salticidae: Salticinae: Dendryphantini: Dendryphantina), with a reanalysis of related species in the mystaceus group
Figures 42-43. Primary courtship positions for P. pacosauritus. Figure 42. Stationary position. Figure 43. Lateral display position. Photo credits: David Hill.
Recent photosynthates are the primary carbon source for soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
<p class="Heading-Main"><span>Tropical and subtropical forests represent the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Elucidating the carbon sources for soil microbial respiration (Rm) in tropical and subtropical forests is of fundamental importance to the global carbon cycle in a warming world. Based on hourly measurements, we quantified Rm of <em>in situ </em>forest soil and soil cores from a subtropical forest. We found recent photosynthates, not soil organic carbon (SOC), contributed 88% ± 12% of the carbon source fueling Rm. The control of recent photosynthates on Rm is also supported by the close relationship between Rm and photosynthetically active radiation as well as literature data synthesis results. These results challenge conventional models based on the tenet that Rm is mainly regulated by soil temperature in all forest ecosystems. The results imply that the widely observed warming-induced Rm increases are largely explained by the enhanced input of recent photosynthates in tropical forests, not SOC consumption.</span></p>
New protein production in primary pulmonary artery endothelial cells treated with insulin-like growth factor 1 treatment
<p>Maximum projections of flat-fielded and deconvolved epi-fluorescence imaging data for primary sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) treated with vehicle or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) media.</p> <p>Two cell types: normal PAEC and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) PAEC</p> <p>Three time points: 0 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours post-treatment</p> <p>Two fluorescence channels:<br> C0 - DAPI for nuclei (R37606, Life Technologies)<br> C1 - Click-IT new protein translation kit (C10428, C10429, Life Technologies)</p>
Public primary school in 19. century
Public primary school in 19. century (Croatia) in Military area add info - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EHjTUXqoHE&t=78s The work represents a public school from **1877** in the area of Vojna Krajina (**Administrative Municipality of Sibinj**). The novelty from that time is that he had a toilet and that it was mixed. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Serpukhov Primary School
Old Serpukhov primary school. Built in the late 19th centure for children of workers of the Konshinsky manufacture. Now it is a branch of the institute of agriculture and construction. Tris: 9873 Polys: 3897 Verts: 5021 Texture size: 2048x1024 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
"Abdominal pain in emergency departments in a well-developed primary care system, a retrospective observational study"
<p>This is the dataset that is used for the original article:</p> <p>“Abdominal pain in emergency departments in a well-developed primary care system, a retrospective observational study”</p>
The effects of primary or secondary prevention with vitamin A supplementation on clinically important outcomes. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
<p>Meta data for the review entitled "The effects of primary or secondary prevention with vitamin A supplementation on clinically important outcomes. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis<strong>"</strong></p>
All datasets of primary tumors, primary or metastatic sites of metastatic tumors used in this study
<p>All datasets of primary tumors, primary or metastatic sites of metastatic tumors used in this study</p>
Primary somatosensory cortical processing in tactile communication
<p>Touch is an essential form of non-verbal communication. While language and its neural basis are widely studied, tactile communication is less well understood. We used fMRI and multivariate pattern analyses in pairs of emotionally close adults to examine the neural basis of human-to-human tactile communication. In each pair, a participant was designated either as sender or as receiver. The sender was instructed to communicate specific messages by touching only the arm of the receiver, who was inside the scanner. The receiver then identified the message based on the touch expression alone. We designed two multivariate decoder algorithms – one based on the sender’s intent (sender-decoder), and another based on the receiver’s response (receiver-decoder). We identified several brain areas that significantly predicted behavioral accuracy of the receiver. Regarding our a priori region of interest, the receiver’s primary somatosensory cortex (S1), both decoders were able to accurately differentiate the messages based on neural activity patterns here. The receiver-decoder, which relied on the receivers’ interpretations of the touch expressions, outperformed the sender-decoder, which relied on the sender’s intent. Our results identified a network of brain areas involved in human-to-human tactile communication and supported the notion of non-sensory factors being represented in S1.</p> <p>Log files per subject and run (end of file name: subID_run_log.csv)</p> <p>response mat file per subject receiver_only and sender_only</p> <p>readresponsemat_SVM_S1...m = reads in response mat files and performs SVM classification</p> <p>ECOC_S1.m = decoding code</p> <p>Normalized brain scan data can be found here: https://zenodo.org/records/4925648</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.