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30,334 results for “Responsiveness”
Ecological data for: Subsidy accessibility drives asymmetric food web responses
<p>Global change is fundamentally altering flows of natural and anthropogenic subsidies across space and time. After a pointed call for research on subsidies in the 1990s, an industry of empirical work has documented the ubiquitous role subsidies play in ecosystem structure, stability and function. Here, we argue that physical constraints (e.g., water temperature) and species traits can govern a species' accessibility to resource subsidies, which has been largely overlooked in the subsidy literature. We examined the input of a high quality, point-source anthropogenic subsidy (aquaculture feed) into a recipient freshwater lake food web. By using a combined bio-tracer approach, we detect a gradient in accessibility of the anthropogenic subsidy within the surrounding food web driven by the thermal preferences of three constituent species, effectively rewiring the recipient lake food web. Since aquaculture is predicted to increase significantly in coming decades to support growing human populations, and global change is altering temperature regimes, then this form of food web alteration may be expected to occur frequently. We argue that subsidy accessibility is a key characteristic of recipient food web interactions that must be considered when trying to understand the impacts of subsidies on ecosystem stability and function under continued global change.</p>
Warming response of peatland CO2 sink is sensitive to seasonality in warming trends
<p>Monthly peatland net ecosystem CO2 exchange derived with the eddy covariance technique and ancillary measurements.</p>
Evolutionary gain and loss of a pathological immune response to parasitism
<p><span>Parasites impose fitness costs on their hosts. Biologists often assume that natural selection favors infection-resistant hosts. Yet, when the immune response itself is costly, theory suggests selection may instead favor loss of resistance. Intraspecific variation in immune costs are rarely surveyed in a manner that tests evolutionary patterns, and there are few examples of adaptive loss of resistance. Here, we show that when marine threespine stickleback colonized freshwater lakes they gained resistance to the freshwater-associated tapeworm, <em>Schistocephalus solidus</em>. Extensive peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation is a commonly observed phenotype that contributes to suppression of cestode growth and viability, but also impose a substantial cost of reduced fecundity. Combining genetic mapping and population genomics, we find that opposing selection generates immune system differences between tolerant and resistant populations, consistent with divergent optimization.</span></p>
Behavioral "bycatch" from camera trap surveys yields insights on prey responses to human-mediated predation risk
<p>Human disturbance directly affects animal populations but indirect effects of disturbance on species behaviors are less well understood. Camera traps provide an opportunity to investigate variation in animal behaviors across gradients of disturbance. We used camera trap data to test predictions about predator-sensitive behavior in three ungulate species (caribou Rangifer tarandus; white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus; moose, Alces alces) across two boreal forest landscapes varying in disturbance. We quantified behavior as the number of camera trap photos per detection event and tested its relationship to predation risk between a landscape with greater industrial disturbance and predator abundance (Algar) and a "control" landscape with lower human and predator activity (Richardson). We also assessed the influence of predation risk and habitat on behavior across camera sites within the disturbed Algar landscape. We predicted that animals in areas with greater predation risk (more wolf activity, less cover) would travel faster and generate fewer photos per event, while animals in areas with less predation risk would linger (rest, forage), generating more photos per event. Consistent with predictions, caribou and moose had more photos per event in the landscape where predation risk was reduced. Within the disturbed landscape, no prey species showed a significant behavioral response to wolf activity, but the number of photos per event decreased for white-tailed deer with increasing line of sight (m) along seismic lines (i.e. decreasing visual cover), consistent with a predator-sensitive response. The presence of juveniles was associated with shorter behavioral events for caribou and moose, suggesting greater predator sensitivity for females with calves. Only moose demonstrated a positive association with vegetation productivity (NDVI), suggesting that for other species influences of forage availability were generally weaker than those from predation risk. Behavioral insights can be gleaned from camera trap surveys and provide information about animal responses to predation risk and the indirect impacts of human disturbances.</p>
Data from: Diversity dynamics of microfossils from the Cretaceous to the Neogene show mixed responses to events
<p>Microfossils have a ubiquitous and well-studied fossil record with temporally and spatially fluctuating diversity, but how this arises and how major events affect speciation and extinction is uncertain. We present the first application of PyRate to a micropaleontological global occurrence data set, reconstructing diversification rates within a Bayesian framework from the Mesozoic to the Recent in four microfossil groups: planktic foraminiferans, calcareous nannofossils, radiolarians and diatoms. Calcareous and siliceous groups demonstrate opposed, but inconsistent, responses in diversification. Siliceous groups increased origination from ~104 Ma, maintaining high rates into the Cenozoic. Calcareous microfossils diversification rates significantly decline across the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, while rates in siliceous microfossil groups remain stable until the Paleocene–Eocene transition. Diversification rates in the Cenozoic are largely stable in calcareous groups, whereas the Paleogene is a turbulent time for diatoms. Diversification fluctuations are driven by climate change and fluctuations in sea surface temperatures, promoting selectivity in both microfossil composition and foraminiferal size. Extinctions appear induced by changes in anoxia, acidification, and stratification, while speciation tends to be associated with upwelling, productivity, and ocean circulation. These results show promise for further quantitative analyses in micropaleontological diversity studies and effects of major transitions in the fossil record. Despite extensive occurrence data, regional diversification events were not recovered, neither were some global events. These unexpected results show the need to consider multiple spatiotemporal levels of diversity and diversification analyses, and implies occurrence data sets of different clades may be more appropriate to testing some hypotheses than others.</p>
Multiplexed imaging mass cytometry reveals distinct tumor-immune microenvironments linked to immunotherapy responses in melanoma
<p><strong>- melanoma_IMC_data.zip</strong></p> <p>The zip file contains the raw IMC images (in the raw_tiff folder) and corresponding single cell masks (in the mask folder) associated with the paper "Multiplexed imaging mass cytometry reveals distinct tumor-immune microenvironments linked to immunotherapy responses in melanoma". The MCD files by CyTOF IMC were exported to a multi-channel TIFF file including 41 channels, and the order of the channel was provided in the <strong>Melanoma_panel.csv</strong>. </p> <p><strong>- Melanoma_code_data.zip</strong></p> <p>The zip file contains the 4 folders described as follows: </p> <ul> <li>Folder ”data“: the processed data for the result shown in paper<br> - Folder "input": <br> - sc_data.csv: the single cell protein expression data;<br> - Folder "abundance": the cell type abundance files;<br> - Folder "clidata": the response and survival data for 4 melanoma datasets used in the paper; <br> - Folder "hc_result": TME archetypes annotation for each sample/ROI from hierarchical clustering;<br> - Folder "ICB": data for ICB analysis (presented in FigS3);<br> - Folder "meta": panel file for clustering;<br> - Folder "RNAseq_data": the RNAseq data for 4 melanoma datasets used in the paper;<br> - Folder "RNAseq_deconv": the result of cell type deconvolution from bulk RNAseq; <br> - Folder "spatial": data for neighbourhood analysis (presented in Fig3, FigS4).<br> - Folder "output": intermediate result for analysis.</li> <li>Folder "Rscript": R scripts for reproducing results in the paper.<br> - generate_Figs.Rmd: ploting figures presented in the paper;<br> - functions.R: functions used for analysis;<br> - Clustering.Rmd: determining cell types based on marker intensities;<br> - Spatial_analysis.Rmd: neighbourhood analysis to get significant interction/avoidance cell relationships.</li> <li>Folder "Figs": figures presented in paper.</li> <li>Folder "HE_figs": the H&E image and the ROIs distribution for each sample.</li> </ul>
The Story Map of the Royal Netherlands Standardization Institute (NEN) on Institutionalizing Responsibility
<p>The Royal Netherlands Standardization Institute (NEN) has started various research projects to explore how standardization can be made more socially responsible. The Delft University of Technology has explored what factors motivate, obstruct, and facilitate social responsibility in standardisation processes. As such, it supports NEN in understanding how it can better align its activities with the values, needs, and expectations of society.</p>
Data and script files: Gene expression in response to estrone sulfate in Trachemys scripta
<p>Variation in developmental conditions can affect a variety of embryonic processes and shape a number of phenotypic characteristics that can affect offspring throughout their lives. This is particularly true of oviparous species where development typically occurs outside of the female, and studies have shown that traits such as survival and behavior can be altered by both temperature and exposure to steroid hormones during development. In species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), the fate of gonadal development can be affected by temperature and by maternal estrogens present in the egg at oviposition and there is evidence that these factors can affect gene expression patterns. Here, we explore how thermal fluctuations and exposure to an estrogen metabolite, estrone sulfate, affect the expression of several genes known to be involved in sexual differentiation; <em>Kdm6b, Dmrt1, Sox9, FoxL2, </em>and <em>Cyp19A1</em>. We found that most of the genes responded to both temperature and estrone sulfate exposure, but that the responses to these factors was not identical in that estrone sulfate effects occur downstream of temperature effects. Our findings demonstrate that conjugated hormones such as estrone sulfate are capable of influencing temperature dependent pathways to potentially alter how embryos respond to temperature and highlight the importance of studying the interaction of maternal hormone and temperature effects.</p>
Data from: Non-native grazers affect physiological and demographic responses of Greater Sage-grouse
<p>1. Non-native ungulate grazing has negatively impacted native species across the globe, leading to massive loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite their pervasiveness, interactions between non-native grazers and native species are not fully understood. We often observe declines in demography or survival of these native species, but lack understanding about the mechanisms underlying these declines. Physiological stress represents one mechanism of (mal)adaptation but data are sparse.</p> <p>2. We investigated glucocorticoid levels in a native avian herbivore exposed to different intensities of non-native grazing in the cold desert Great Basin ecosystem, USA. We measured corticosterone, a glucocorticoid in feathers for a large sample (n = 280) of female Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) from three study areas in Northern Nevada and Southern Oregon with different grazing regimes of livestock and feral horses.</p> <p>3. We found greater feral horse density was associated with higher corticosterone levels, and this effect was exacerbated by drought conditions. Livestock grazing produced similar results; however there was more model uncertainty about the livestock effect. Subsequent nesting success was lower with increased feather corticosterone, but corticosterone levels were not predictive of other vital rates.</p> <p>4. Our results indicate a physiological response by sage-grouse to grazing pressure from non-native grazers. We found substantial among-individual variation in the strength of the response. These adverse effects were intensified during unfavorable weather events, highlighting the need to reevaluate management strategies in the face of climate change.</p>
Data From: Population-specific responses in eastern oysters exposed to low salinity in the northern Gulf of Mexico
<p>Eastern oysters, <em>Crassostrea virginica</em>, are facing rapid environmental changes in the northern Gulf of Mexico and can respond to these changes via plasticity or evolution. Plastic responses can immediately buffer against environmental changes, although this buffering may impact the organism's ability to evolve in subsequent generations. While plasticity and evolution are not mutually exclusive, the relative contribution and interaction between them remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the roles of plastic and evolved responses to low salinity in <em>C. virginica</em> using a common garden experiment with four populations exposed to two salinities. We use three transcriptomic analyses (edgeR, PERMANOVA, and WGCNA) combined with physiology data to identify the effect of genotype (population), environment (salinity), and genotype-by-environment interaction on both whole organism and molecular phenotypes. We demonstrate that variation in gene expression is mainly driven by population, with relatively small changes in response to salinity. In contrast, the morphology and physiology data reveal that salinity has a larger influence on oyster performance than the population of origin. All analyses lacked signatures of genotype-by-environment interaction, and in contrast to previous studies, we find no evidence for population-specific responses to low salinity. However, individuals from the highest salinity estuary displayed highly divergent gene expression from other populations, which could potentially drive population-specific responses to other stressors. Our findings suggest that C. virginica largely rely on plasticity in physiology to buffer the effects of low salinity, but that these changes in physiology do not rely on large persistent changes in gene expression.</p>
Sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model simulating the post-hepatectomy hemodynamics response
<p>Recently a lumped-parameter model of the cardiovascular system was proposed to simulate the hemodynamics response to partial hepatectomy and evaluate the risk of portal hypertension (PHT) due to this surgery. Model parameters are tuned based on each patient data. This work focuses on a global sensitivity analysis (SA) study of such model to better understand the main drivers of the clinical outputs of interest. The analysis suggests which parameters should be considered patient-specific and which can be assumed constant without losing in accuracy in the predictions. While performing the SA, model outputs need to be constrained to physiological ranges. An innovative approach exploits the features of the polynomial chaos expansion method to reduce the overall computational cost. The computed results give new insights on how to improve the calibration of some model parameters. Moreover the final parameter distributions enable the creation of a virtual population available for future works. Although this work is focused on partial hepatectomy, the pipeline can be applied to other cardiovascular hemodynamics models to gain insights for patient-specific parameterization and to define a physiologically relevant virtual population.</p>
Pre- and post-intervention responses to a knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey for the study, "Disseminating vaccination information in baby soap products increases knowledge and vaccine uptake in central Uganda: A non-randomized controlled trial"
<p>This dataset contains responses to the pre- and post-intervention knowledge, attitudes, and practices surveys utilized for the study, "Disseminating vaccination information in baby soap products increases knowledge and vaccine uptake in central Uganda: A non-randomized controlled trial."</p>
Complex plant quality - microbiota - population interactions modulate the response of a specialist herbivore to the defense of its host plant.
<p>1. Many specialist herbivores have evolved strategies to cope with plant defenses, with gut microbiota potentially participating to such adaptations.</p> <p>2. In this study we assessed whether the history of plant use (population origin) and microbiota may interact with plant defense adaptation.</p> <p>3. We tested whether microbiota enhance the performance of <em>Melitaea cinxia </em>larvae on their host plant, <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> and increase their ability to cope the defensive compounds, iridoid glycosides (IGs).</p> <p>3. The gut microbiota was significantly affected by both larval population origin and host plant IG level. Contrary to our prediction, impoverishing the microbiota with antibiotic treatment did not reduce larval performance.</p> <p>5. As expected for this specialized insect herbivore, sequestration of one of IGs was higher in larvae fed with plants producing higher concentration of IGs. These larvae also showed metabolic signature of intoxication (<em>i.e. </em>decrease in Lysine levels). However, intoxication on highly defended plants was only observed when larvae with history of poorly defended plants were simultaneously treated with antibiotics.</p> <p>6. Our results suggest that both adaptation and microbiota contribute to the metabolic response of herbivores to plant defense though complex interactions.</p>
Data for Contrasting life-history responses to climate variability in eastern and western North Pacific sardine populations
<p><span>Massive populations of sardines inhabit both the western and eastern boundaries of the world's subtropical ocean basins, supporting both commercial fisheries and populations of marine predators. Sardine populations in western and eastern boundary current systems have responded oppositely to decadal scale anomalies in ocean temperature, but the mechanism for differing variability has remained unclear. Here, based on otolith microstructure and high-resolution stable isotope analyses, we show that habitat temperature, early life growth rates, energy expenditure, metabolically optimal temperature and, most importantly, the relationship between growth rate and temperature were remarkably different between the two subpopulations in the western and eastern North Pacific. Varying metabolic response to environmental changes partly explain the contrasting growth responses. Consistent differences in the life-history traits are observed between subpopulations in the western and eastern boundary current systems around South Africa. These growth and survival characteristics can facilitate the contrasting responses of sardine populations to climate change.</span></p>
Comparing climatic suitability and niche distances to explain populations responses to extreme climatic events
<p><span>Habitat suitability calculated from Species Distribution Models (SDMs) has been used to assess population performance, but empirical studies have provided weak or inconclusive support to this approach. Novel approaches measuring population distances to niche centroid and margin in environmental space have been recently proposed to explain population performance, particularly when populations experience exceptional environmental conditions that may place them outside of the species niche. Here, we use data of co-occurring species' decay, gathered after an extreme drought event occurring in the SE of the Iberian Peninsula which highly affected rich semiarid shrubland communities, to compare the relationship between population decay (mortality and remaining green canopy) and (1) distances between populations' location and species niche margin and centroid in the environmental space, and (2) climatic suitability estimated from frequently used SDMs (here MaxEnt) considering both the extreme climatic episode and the average reference climatic period before this. We found that both SDMs-derived suitability and distances to species niche properly predict populations performance when considering the reference climatic period; but climatic suitability failed to predict performance considering the extreme climate period. In addition, while distance to niche margins accurately predict both mortality and remaining green canopy responses, centroid distances failed to explain mortality, suggesting that indexes containing information about the position to niche margin (inside or outside) are better to predict binary responses. We conclude that the location of populations in the environmental space is consistent with performance responses to extreme drought. Niche distances appear to be a more efficient approach than the use of climate suitability indices derived from more frequently used SDMs to explain population performance when dealing with environmental conditions that are located outside the species environmental niche. The use of this alternative metrics may be particularly useful when designing</span><span> conservation measures to mitigate impacts of shifting environmental conditions.</span></p>
Gut microbiota inter-species interactions shape the response of Clostridioides difficile to clinically relevant antibiotics
<p>In the human gut, the growth of <em>Clostridioides difficile </em>is impacted by a complex web of inter-species interactions with members of human gut microbiota. We investigate the contribution of inter-species interactions on the antibiotic response of <em>C. difficile </em>to clinically relevant antibiotics using bottom-up assembly of human gut communities. We discover two classes of microbial interactions that alter <em>C. </em>difficile’s antibiotic susceptibility: infrequent increases in tolerance at high antibiotic concentrations and frequent growth enhancements at low antibiotic concentrations. Based on genome-wide transcriptional profiling data, we demonstrate that metal sequestration due to hydrogen sulfide production by the prevalent gut species <em>Desulfovibrio piger </em>increases metronidazole tolerance of <em>C. difficile</em>. Competition with species that display higher sensitivity to the antibiotic than <em>C. difficile </em>leads to enhanced growth of <em>C. difficile </em>at low antibiotic concentrations. A dynamic computational model identifies the ecological design principles driving this effect. Our results provide a deeper understanding of ecological and molecular principles shaping <em>C. difficile</em>’s response to antibiotics, which could inform therapeutic interventions.</p>
Gut microbiota inter-species interactions shape the response of Clostridioides difficile to clinically relevant antibiotics
<p>In the human gut, the growth of <em>Clostridioides difficile </em>is impacted by a complex web of inter-species interactions with members of human gut microbiota. We investigate the contribution of inter-species interactions on the antibiotic response of <em>C. difficile </em>to clinically relevant antibiotics using bottom-up assembly of human gut communities. We discover two classes of microbial interactions that alter <em>C. </em>difficile’s antibiotic susceptibility: infrequent increases in tolerance at high antibiotic concentrations and frequent growth enhancements at low antibiotic concentrations. Based on genome-wide transcriptional profiling data, we demonstrate that metal sequestration due to hydrogen sulfide production by the prevalent gut species <em>Desulfovibrio piger </em>increases metronidazole tolerance of <em>C. difficile</em>. Competition with species that display higher sensitivity to the antibiotic than <em>C. difficile </em>leads to enhanced growth of <em>C. difficile </em>at low antibiotic concentrations. A dynamic computational model identifies the ecological design principles driving this effect. Our results provide a deeper understanding of ecological and molecular principles shaping <em>C. difficile</em>’s response to antibiotics, which could inform therapeutic interventions.</p>
Investigation of the southern hemisphere mid-high latitude thermospheric ∑O/N2 responses to the Space-X storm
<p>This data sets are the data used to plot the figures in the above mentioned paper (Figure 3 to 6)</p> <p>All files are in dimension 288*144*6, 288 stands for longitudes number from -180 to 180 with a resolution of 1.25</p> <p>144 stands for latitude numbers fro -88.75 to 88.75 with a resolution of 1.25. 6 stands for the time, 0:20, 2:20, 4:20, 7:20, 10:20 and 13:20 UT on DOY 34.</p> <p>dON2 stand for the percentage diff of column density ratio of O to N2 between DOY 34 and 32</p> <p>UN stands for zonal wind, VN stands for meridional wind, TN stands for neutral temperature</p> <p>QJO stands for Joule heating rate per unit mass near 160 km</p> <p>POTEN stands for ionosphere potential</p>
Joint project session at the International Conference on Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals
<p>AVANT, DISARM, HealthyLivestock and ROADMAP, projects joined their forces at the 5th International Conference on Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals on 8 June 2021. The joint project session "Socio-economic, technical and regulatory dimensions of sustainable change in antimicrobial use in animal production" was composed of 3 themes:</p> <p>- Theme 1: Social, economic, and regulatory factors of transitions</p> <p>- Theme 2: Promising technical innovations to reduce AMU</p> <p>- Theme 3: Stakeholder engagement and impact</p> <p>The video is available on YouTube: </p> <p>For any further questions please contact us at: <strong><a href="https://youtu.be/Dyf9Vq90XpE">https://youtu.be/Dyf9Vq90XpE</a></strong></p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/avant@rtds-group.com">avant@rtds-group.com</a></strong> (project AVANT),</li> <li><strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/info@disarmproject.eu">info@disarmproject.eu</a></strong> (project DISARM),</li> <li><strong><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/healthylivestockproject@yahoo.com">healthylivestockproject@yahoo.com</a></strong> (project Healthy Livestock) or</li> <li><strong><a href="mailto:roadmap.communication@gmail.com">roadmap.communication@gmail.com</a></strong> (project ROADMAP). </li> </ul>
The interplay between prior selection, mild intermittent exposure, and acute severe exposure in phenotypic and transcriptional response to hypoxia
<p>Hypoxia has profound and diverse effects on aerobic organisms, disrupting oxidative phosphorylation and activating several protective pathways. Predictions have been made that exposure to mild intermittent hypoxia may be protective against more severe exposure and may extend lifespan. Both effects are likely to depend on prior selection on phenotypic and transcriptional plasticity in response to hypoxia, and may therefore show signs of local adaptation. Here we report the lifespan effects of chronic, mild, intermittent hypoxia (CMIH) and short-term survival in acute severe hypoxia (ASH) in four clones of <em>Daphnia magna</em> originating from either permanent or intermittent habitats, the latter regularly drying up with frequent hypoxic conditions. We show that CMIH extended the lifespan in the two clones originating from intermittent habitats but had the opposite effect in the two clones from permanent habitats, which also showed lower tolerance to ASH. Exposure to CMIH did not protect against ASH; to the contrary, <em>Daphnia</em> from the CMIH treatment had lower ASH tolerance than normoxic controls. Few transcripts changed their abundance in response to the CMIH treatment in any of the clones. After 12 hours of ASH treatment, the transcriptional response was more pronounced, with numerous protein-coding genes with functionality in mitochondrial and respiratory metabolism, oxygen transport, and, unexpectedly, gluconeogenesis showing up-regulation. While clones from intermittent habitats showed somewhat stronger differential expression in response to ASH than those from permanent habitats, there were no significant hypoxia-by-habitat of origin or CMIH-by-ASH interactions. GO enrichment analysis revealed a possible hypoxia tolerance role by accelerating the molting cycle and regulating neuron survival through up-regulation of cuticular proteins and neurotrophins, respectively.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.