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4,563 results for “correlations”
Leg length and bristle density both necessary for water surface locomotion are genetically correlated in water striders
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Access to hitherto unexploited ecological opportunities is associated with phenotypic evolution and often results in significant lineage diversification. Yet, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying such adaptive traits remains limited. Water striders have been able to exploit the water-air interface, primarily facilitated by changes in the density of hydrophobic bristles and a significant increase in leg length. These two traits are functionally correlated and are both necessary for generating efficient locomotion on the water surface. Whether bristle density and leg length have any cellular or developmental genetic mechanisms in common is unknown. Here, we combine comparative genomics and transcriptomics with functional RNAi assays to examine the developmental genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying the patterning of the bristles and the legs in <em>Gerris buenoi</em> and <em>Mesovelia mulsanti,</em> two species of water striders. We found that two gene duplication events in the genes <em>beadex </em>and <em>taxi </em>led to a functional expansion of the paralogs to affect bristle density and leg length. We also identified genes for which no function in bristle development has been previously described in other insects. Interestingly, most of these genes play a dual role in regulating bristle development and leg length. In addition, these genes play a role in regulating cell division. This result suggests that cell division may be a common mechanism through which these genes can simultaneously regulate leg length and bristle density. We propose that pleiotropy, by which gene function affects the development of multiple traits, may play a prominent role in facilitating access to unexploited ecological opportunities and species diversification.</span></p> <p> </p>
100 Hz ROCS microscopy correlated with fluorescence reveals cellular dynamics on different spatiotemporal scales
<p>Image Datasets to 100 Hz ROCS microscopy correlated with fluorescence reveals cellular dynamics on different spatiotemporal scales</p>
Density, parasitism, and sexual reproduction are strongly correlated in lake Daphnia populations
<p>Many organisms can reproduce both asexually and sexually. For cyclical parthenogens, periods of asexual reproduction are punctuated by bouts of sexual reproduction, and the shift from asexual to sexual reproduction has large impacts on fitness and population dynamics. We studied populations of <i>Daphnia dentifera</i> to determine the amount of investment in sexual reproduction as well as the factors associated with variation in investment in sex. To do so, we tracked host density, infections by nine different parasites, and sexual reproduction in 15 lake populations of <i>D. dentifera</i> for three years. Sexual reproduction was seasonal, with male and ephippial female production beginning as early as late September and generally increasing through November. However, there was substantial variation in the prevalence of sexual individuals across populations, with some populations remaining entirely asexual throughout the study period and others shifting almost entirely to sexual females and males. We found strong relationships between density, prevalence of infection, parasite species richness, and sexual reproduction in these populations. However, strong collinearity between density, parasitism, and sexual reproduction means that further work will be required to disentangle the causal mechanisms underlying these relationships.</p>
Data for: Neural correlates of individual odor preference in Drosophila
<p>Data associated with: Neural correlates of individual odor preference in Drosophila</p> <p>Abstract: Behavior varies even among genetically identical animals raised in the same environment1–10. However, little is known about the circuit or anatomical underpinnings of this individuality11,12. Drosophila olfaction is an ideal system for discovering the origins of behavioral individuality among genetically identical individuals. The fly olfactory circuit is well-characterized13–16,17–19 and stereotyped15, yet stable idiosyncrasies in odor preference4, neural coding4, and neural wiring20,21 are present and may be relevant to behavior. Using paired behavior and two-photon imaging measurements, we show that individual odor preferences in odor-vs-air and odor-vs-odor assays are predicted by idiosyncratic calcium dynamics in Olfactory Receptor Neurons (ORNs) and Projection Neurons (PNs), respectively. This suggests that circuit variation at the sensory periphery determines individual odor preferences. Furthermore, paired behavior and immunohistochemistry measurements reveal that variation in ORN presynaptic density also predicts odor-vs-odor preference. This point in the olfactory circuit appears to be a locus of individuality where microscale variation gives rise to idiosyncratic behavior. To unify these results, we constructed a leaky-integrate-and-fire model of 3,062 neurons in the antennal lobe. In these simulations, stochastic fluctuations at the glomerular level, like those observed in our ORN immunohistochemistry, produce variation in PN calcium responses with the same structure as we observed experimentally, the very structure that predicts idiosyncratic behavior. Thus, our results demonstrate how minute physiological and structural variations in a neural circuit may produce individual behavior, even when genetics and environment are held constant.</p>
Mathematics and numerosity but not visuo-spatial working memory correlate with math-anxiety in adults
<p>Data in "Database" are organized in subfolders. Each subfolder contains data of the corresponding task.</p> <p>Data from the Paper&Pencil tests are reported in the .xlsx file</p> <p> </p> <p>Numerosity Estimation Task:</p> <p>Each file contains a matrix called “matr”. Each row of the matrix “matr” is a trial. </p> <p>The columns contain the following information:</p> <ul> <li>1<sup>st</sup>: Subject response on numerosity </li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup>: Test numerosity</li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup>: Subject response on numerosity </li> <li>4<sup>th</sup>: 0 </li> <li>5<sup>th</sup>: Stimulus duration</li> <li>6<sup>th</sup>: Response time</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Simple Calculation Task:</p> <p>Each file contains a matrix called “MATR”. Each row of the matrix “MATR” is a trial. </p> <p>The columns contain the following information:</p> <ul> <li>1<sup>st</sup>: Number of trials </li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup>: Subject response</li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup>: Response time </li> <li>4<sup>th</sup>: First digit</li> <li>5<sup>th</sup>: mathematical symbols (x=1; +=2; –=3)</li> <li>6<sup>th</sup>: Second digit</li> <li>7<sup>th</sup>: Third digit</li> <li>8<sup>th</sup>: Forth digit</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Complex Calculation Task:</p> <p>Each file contains a matrix called “MATR”. Each row of the matrix “MATR” is a trial. </p> <p>The columns contain the following information:</p> <ul> <li>1<sup>st</sup>: Number of trials </li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup>: Subject response</li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup>: Response time </li> <li>4<sup>th</sup>: First digit</li> <li>5<sup>th</sup>: mathematical symbols (x=1; +=2; –=3; /=4)</li> <li>6<sup>th</sup>: Second digit</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>VSWM Task:</p> <p>Data from forward and backward conditions are located in two different subfolders.</p> <p>Each file contains a matrix called “Span”, with the corresponding VSWM span.</p> <p> </p> <p>For more details, please contact the first author. </p>
Dataset: Reassessing the potential of TlCl for laser cooling experiments via four-component correlated electronic strucure calculations
<p>This dataset collects the unprocessed (= outputs from calculations) results discussed in the paper titled "A Reassessing the potential of TlCl for laser cooling experiments via four-component correlated electronic strucure calculations", by Xiang Yuan and Andre Severo Pereira Gomes. It also contains the figures used in the manuscript, and the scripts to carry out the number of scattered photons and cooling simulations described in the paper</p>
Data set for "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico."
<p>Data set for original article "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico"<strong> </strong>accepted at Biotropica.</p> <p>We studied changes in coccinellid assemblage composition, diversity, species richness and abundance in domestic gardens along a rural to urban gradient in southeastern Mexico, and identified local and lanscape variables that determine their species richness and abundance. </p>
Inappropriate rightward saccades after right hemisphere damage: Oculomotor analysis and anatomical correlates
<p>Patients with right hemisphere damage and visual neglect have severe problems to orient attention towards left-sided objects, often associated with the tendency to produce inappropriate rightward saccades. In its most severe form, this tendency can assume the compulsive character of a rightward deviation of gaze as soon as the visual scene deploys (so-called “magnetic attraction of gaze”). However, little is known about the exact nature of inappropriate rightward saccades, their relation with impaired conscious perception of left-sided stimuli, and their lesional correlates. To explore these issues, we studied three groups of patients with right brain damage: patients with signs of left visual neglect associated to left homonymous hemianopia, neglect patients without hemianopia, and patients without neglect or hemianopia. Participants searched for a gap missing within a target, presented among distractors. Manual responses for target detection were required, while participants were encouraged to move their eyes during search. Endogenous attention could be summoned to the target location by a central cue. All the three groups of patients produced inappropriate rightward saccades, which could not be completely overcome by the endogenous orienting of attention induced by the cues. Anatomical analysis indicated a specific implication of damage to the right frontal eye field and to a long-range white matter tract, the fronto-parietal superior longitudinal fasciculus. Fronto-parietal networks in the right hemisphere appear thus to be essential to integrate covert and overt orienting of attention, and to thoroughly explore space in order to become aware of the multiple competing objects around us.</p>
Hormone receptors AR, ER, PR and growth factor receptor Her-2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with overall survival, disease-free survival and 10-year survival in a high-risk population
<p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprises most of head and neck neoplasms and is one of the highest-ranking and lethal cancers in Pakistan due to prevailing mouth habits. Growth and hormonal receptors act as prognostic markers and targets for therapy in some cancers, but their application in OSCC is largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of growth and hormonal receptors in OSCC patients and correlate it with 10-year, overall and disease-free survival. To achieve this objective, immunohistochemistry for Her-2, AR, ER and PR was performed on 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary OSCC specimens. Receptor expression was correlated with mouth habits and clinicopathological features and patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression univariate analysis. We observed that in 100 patients, there were 57 males and 43 females. Immunopositive Her-2 expression was observed in 21% of patients, AR in 13%, ER in 3% and 0% for PR. Patients with betel quid/areca nut mouth habits had significantly absent Her-2 expression (P=0.035). Also, Her-2 negative patients were also negative for AR expression (P=0.002). Her-2 positive patients had poor 10-year survival (P=0.041). A trend of low survival and high recurrence rate was observed in AR positive patients, but this was not significant (P=0.072). No statistically relevant correlations were seen in the case of ER and PR. In conclusion, Her-2 may be a valuable marker for predicting long-term prognosis of OSCC patients.</p>
Solutions of the mass continuity equation in hollow fibers for fully developed flow with some notes on the Lévêque correlation
<p><strong>Solutions of the mass continuity equation in hollow fibers for fully developed flow with some notes on the </strong><strong>Lévêque</strong><strong> correlation</strong></p> <p>The file includes:</p> <p>Appendix A. Code in SageMath and Maple</p> <p>Appendix B. Semi-analytical method of lines for solving the linear-BC case</p> <p>The complete scientific article that can be found at https://zenodo.org/record/5675723#.YhNn8JPMIeY</p>
dispersion curvers of southeastern Tibetan Plateau obtained by wave gradiometry and ambient noise cross correlation
<p>azimuth-dependant dispersion curves: bk.gridID.deg.backazimuth.dsp</p> <p>T=5:20s obtained from ambient noise tomography<br> T=21:60s obtained from wave gradiometry<br> grid information: xyloc.txt</p>
Phenotypic correlates of pelvic spine coloration in the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Implications for function and evolution
<p>Animal color patches may be static or plastic in expression and concealable or continuously visible, yet these aspects of coloration, and their consequences, have been little studied. We address them here using the threespine stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>). Despite a rich history of study of stickleback nuptial color pattern evolution, disagreement persists regarding selection pressures and function. However, little research has addressed the role of pelvic spine coloration, a potentially important, and substantially concealable, color pattern element. We investigated (i) whether male pelvic spine (along with throat and body) coloration is relatively static or plastic across the reproductive cycle, (ii) when pelvic spines are raised versus concealed across behavioral contexts, and (iii) associations between color patches and behavior in males. We found no significant variation in spine color across reproductive stages whereas body color was more plastic and intensely red during courtship and egg/fry care. Conspicuousness of pelvic spine coloration instead varied behaviorally, through increased erection frequency during social interactions and in response to a model predator. Spine erection frequency was positively associated with behaviors that enhance spine color visibility, i.e. flees and leads to nest. These findings suggest that stickleback use pelvic spines to display an intensely red color patch facultatively, either as a complement to similar body coloration or possibly as a substitute. In addition, elevated spine raising in the presence of a model predator, together with the presence of red spine coloration in females, raises the possibility that red spine coloration may also have an anti-predator function.</p>
Risk-taking coping style correlates with SERT SNP290 polymorphisms in free-living great tits
<p>The coping style of an individual in relation to potentially dangerous situations has been suggested to be inherited in a polygenic fashion, being SERT one of the candidate genes. In this paper, we assessed in free-living great tits Parus major the association between SNP290 in the SERT promoter and three standard fear-related behaviors, namely the response of the birds to a black and white flag fixed to the top of the nest-box, distress calling rate of the birds in the hand once captured and the hissing call of incubating females when approached by a predator. We found a strong association between SNP290 polymorphism and the three risk-taking behaviors, with birds with genotype CT entering faster to the nest box with the flag and displaying more distress calls and less hissing calls. CT birds could therefore be described as more proactive than CC individuals. These results also suggest that hissing behavior should be regarded as a fear-induced shy behavior, and confirm that SERT has an important function in relation to risk aversion behaviors and coping style.</p>
Supplementary tables for the article "A novel approach for discovering correlations between elemental and molecular composition using laser-based spectroscopic techniques"
<p>Table S1. Collection conditions of zooplankton samples. Data in the salinity and temperature columns, separated by a slash sign, are the characteristics of surface and bottom water.</p> <p>Table S2. The results of elemental analysis of zooplankton by ICP-AES and ICP-MS (as provided by IO RAS).</p> <p>Table S3. List of emission signals used to construct spider diagrams.</p> <p>Table S4. List of spectral ranges eliminated from LIBS data to improve the performance of chemometric algorithms.</p> <p>Raw LIBS and Raman spectra of zooplankton.</p> <p> </p>
Data for: The correlated evolution of foraging mode and reproductive output in lizards
<p>Life-history theory suggests that the optimal reproductive output of an organism is affected by factors such as energy acquisition and predation risk. The observation that some organisms actively search for their prey and others ambush them creates the expectation of different energy needs and predation risk associated with each foraging behavior, the so-called "foraging-mode paradigm". Although this paradigm has been around for decades, the empirical evidence consists of conflicting results derived from competing models based on different mechanisms. For instance, models within the foraging-mode paradigm suggest that widely-foraging females have evolved low reproductive output, because a heavy reproductive load decreases their ability to escape from predators. By contrast, a long-standing prediction of evolutionary theory indicates that organisms subject to high extrinsic mortality, should invest more in reproduction. Here, we present the first partial evidence that widely-foraging species have evolved greater reproductive output than have sit-and-wait species, which we attribute to a larger body size and greater mortality among mobile foragers. According to our findings, we propose a theoretical model that could explain the observed pattern in lizards, suggesting ways for evolutionary ecologists to test mechanistic hypotheses at the intraspecific level.</p>
Full-field displacements and strains obtained by digital image correlation during fatigue crack growth experiments
<p>This data publication contains full-field displacements and strains obtained by 3D digital image correlation (DIC) using a GOM Aramis 12M system including three fatigue crack propagation (fcp) experiments of AA2024-T3 aluminium sheet material.</p> <p>The repository consists of three datasets of different experiments named </p> <ul> <li>S<sub>950,1.6 </sub>- MT950 specimen, 1.6 mm sheet thickness, load ratios R=0.3, 1.0</li> <li>S<sub>160,2.0 </sub>- MT160 specimen, 2.0 mm sheet thickness, load ratios R=0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0</li> <li>S<sub>160,4.7 </sub>- MT160 specimen, 4.7 mm sheet thickness, load ratios R=0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0</li> </ul> <p>where S<sub>w,t</sub> denotes a middle tension (MT) specimen with width w and thickness t. The nodal DIC measurements at different times during the experiments are provided as .txt files we call <em>"nodemaps" </em>and stored in subfolders "<strong>Nodemaps</strong>". Each <em>nodemap</em> consists of a header containing meta data information like a running number (current stage index) or the applied force, followed by the nodal displacements and strains in tabular form. Additionally, the dataset S<sub>160,4.7</sub> contains crack path and crack tip labels for each nodemap in the subfolder "<strong>GroundTruth</strong>". The ground truth is provided as arrays of size 256x256. Each pixel of the array contains the label "2" for the class "crack tip", "1" for the class "crack path", or "0" for the class "background". These labels were created in a semi-manual fashion and can be used for machine learned crack detection using supervised training.</p> <p>These datasets were recently used to evaluate neural attention of convolutional neural networks trained on fatigue crack tip detection in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13275-1">Melching et al. (Sci Rep, 2022)</a>. Additional guidance on data loading and usage can also be found at <a href="https://github.com/dlr-wf/explainable-crack-tip-detection">https://github.com/dlr-wf/explainable-crack-tip-detection</a>.</p> <p>The experiments S<sub>160,2.0</sub> and S<sub>160,4.7 </sub>were conducted and analysed by <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.13433">Strohmann et al. (FFEMS, 2021)</a>.</p> <p>The experiment S<sub>950,1.6</sub> was conducted and analysed by <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ffe.13335">Breitbarth et al. (FFEMS, 2020)</a>.</p>
Counts of shorebirds and environmental correlates at Roberts Bank, British Columbia (1991 to 2019)
<p>Data include counts conducted during northward migration of two species of shorebirds (Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri and Dunlin Calidris alpina) on the mudflats of Roberts Bank, British Columbia, 1991 to 2019. Count methodology detailed in Drever et al. (2014) and Canham et al. (2021). Data also include a set of covariates related to local conditions (precipitation, temperature, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, tidal amplitude, and water discharge rates from the Fraser River).</p>
Pearson correlation tests for environmental variables, Student t-test for range shift and comparisons for habitat loss in 2070
<p><span>Habitat loss and shifts associated with climate change threaten global biodiversity, with impacts likely to be most pronounced at high latitudes. With the disappearance of the tundra breeding habitats, migratory shorebirds that breed at these high latitudes are likely to be even more vulnerable to climate change than those in temperate regions. We examined this idea using new distributional information on two subspecies of Black-tailed Godwits <em>Limosa limosa</em> in Asia: the northerly, bog-breeding <em>L. l. bohaii</em> and the more southerly, steppe-breeding <em>L. l. melanuroides</em>. Based on breeding locations of tagged and molecularly assayed birds, we modelled the current breeding distributions of the two subspecies with species distribution models, tested those models for robustness, and then used them to predict climatically suitable breeding ranges in 2070 according to bioclimatic variables and different climate change scenarios. Our models were robust and showed that climate change is expected to push bohaii into the northern rim of the Eurasian continent. <em>Melanuroides</em> is also expected to shift northward, stopping in the Yablonovyy and </span><span>Stanovoy Ranges</span><span>, and breeding elevation is expected to increase.</span> <span>Climatically suitable breeding habitat ranges would shrink to 16% and 11% of the currently estimated ranges of <em>bohaii</em> and <em>melanuroides</em>, respectively. Overall, this study provides the first predictions for the future distributions of two little-known Black-tailed Godwit subspecies and highlights the importance of factoring in shifts in bird distribution when designing climate-proof conservation strategies.</span></p>
The metabolic hormone adiponectin affects the correlation between nutritional status and pneumococcal vaccine response in vulnerable indigenous children
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><span> Almost 200 million children worldwide are either undernourished or overweight</span><span>. </span><span>Only a few studies have addressed the effect of variation in nutritional status on vaccine response</span><span>. </span><span>We previously demonstrated an association between stunting and an increased post-vaccination 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) response. In this prospective study, we assessed to what extent metabolic hormones may be a modifier in the association between nutritional status and PCV13 response.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>Venezuelan children aged 6 weeks to 59 months were vaccinated with a primary series of PCV13. Nutritional status and serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were measured upon vaccination and their combined effect on serum post-vaccination antibody concentrations was assessed by generalized estimating equations multivariable regression analysis.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> A total of 210 children were included, of whom 80 were stunted, 81 had a normal weight and 49 were overweight. Overweight children had lower post-vaccination antibody concentrations than normal weight children </span><span>(regression coefficient -1.15, 95% CI -2.22 – -0.072)</span><span>. Additionally, there was a significant adiponectin-nutritional status interaction. In stunted children, higher adiponectin serum concentrations were associated with lower post-PCV13 antibody concentrations </span><span>(regression coefficient -0.19, 95% CI -0.24 – -0.14) </span><span>while the opposite was seen in overweight children </span><span>(regression coefficient 0.14, 95% CI 0.049 – 0.22)</span><span>. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion:</span></strong><span> Metabolic hormones, in particular adiponectin, may modify the effect of nutritional status on pneumococcal vaccine response. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to better understand the immunometabolic pathways underlying vaccine response and enable a future of optimal personalized vaccination schedules.</span></p>
Locations of GPS-collared moose and geographic correlates, as well as for random points within study area
<p>Moose are among the many species that are vulnerable to both direcdt and indirect effects of climate change. Habitat selection is one framework to assist investigators in disentangling the various factors (including weather) that ultimately dictate how animals respond to their environment. We investigated patterns of winter habitat selecdtion by adult female moose in southerwestern MOntana, USA, during 2007-2010, and how that selection was affected by snow (quantified by snow water equivalent) and winter temperatures. We used data from GPS colalrs and a suite of environmental covariates to quantify winter habitat selection at both study area (2nd order) and home range (3rd order) spatial scales using resource selection functions. Moose strongly select for the willow (<em>Salix</em> spp.) cover type, and against grassland cover. Moose use of conifer cover at the home range scale increased when either amount of snow or ambient temperature was higher, altough the latter only during periods of the day when conifer pathces were likely to have been cooler than cover types lacking a canopy. Wildlife conservatoin and management naturally focuses on preferred habitats, particularly those that fulfill essentially all forgaing requirements. However, habitats used preferentially under stresful weather conditions, even if used rarely overall, can also form a critical part of a species' overall needs.,</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.