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1,017 results for “freshwater fish”
Data from: Current and projected future risks of freshwater fish invasions in China
Biological invasions are a primary threat to global biodiversity, supporting mounting calls for the development of early-warning systems to manage existing and emerging invaders. Here, we evaluated the geographical pattern of invasion risks of currently established and potentially emerging nonnative freshwater fishes in China by jointly considering the threats of introduction and establishment under climate change. Introduction threats were estimated according to proxies of human activities and propagule pressure for two primary pathways (aquaculture or ornamental). Establishment threats for 51 current and 64 potential invaders (based on whether having established or not self-sustaining populations) were assessed using an ensemble of species distribution models under current (1960-1990) and future [2041-2060 (2050s) and 2061-2080 (2070s)] climate scenarios. Geographical patterns of invasion risk were then assessed by overlaying the threats of introduction and establishment for each species group both in present-day and in the future. We found that eastern China displayed the highest threat of introduction. In contrast, southeastern and northwestern regions were identified as the most suitable for the establishment of both current and potential future invaders. Under a changing climate, 83 out of 115 species displayed an increase in habitat suitability, resulting in an overall increase of 4.8% by 2050s and 7.1% by 2070s in the extent of suitable habitat for nonnative freshwater fishes. Taken together, invasion risk was found to be highest in southeastern China and lowest in the Tibet Plateau. Our research highlights the importance of assessing invasion risk by integrating the threats associated with the introduction and establishment stages. In particular, our findings revealed convergent patterns of invasion risk between current and potential nonnative freshwater fishes under climate change. Geographic patterns in hotspots of existing and emerging invasions provide critical insights to guide the allocation of resources to monitor and control existing and emerging invasions in China.
Data from: Intraspecific niche variation drives abundance-occupancy relationships in freshwater fish communities
A positive relationship between occupancy and average local abundance of species is found in a variety of taxa, yet the mechanisms driving this association between abundance and occupancy are still enigmatic. Here we show that freshwater fishes exhibit a positive abundance-occupancy relationship across 125 Swedish lakes. For a subset of 9 species from 11 lakes, we estimated species-specific diet breadth from stable isotopes, within-lake habitat breadth from catch data for littoral and pelagic nets, adaptive potential from genetic diversity, abiotic niche position, and dispersal capacity. Average local abundance was mainly positively associated with both within-lake habitat and diet breadth, that is, species with larger intraspecific variation in niche space had higher abundances. No measure was a good predictor of occupancy, indicating that occupancy may be more directly related to abundance or abiotic conditions than to niche breadth per se. This study suggests a link between intraspecific niche variation and a positive abundance-occupancy relationship and implies that management of freshwater fish communities, whether to conserve threatened or control invasive species, should initially be aimed at niche processes.
Data from: No evidence for host specialization or host-race formation in the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a fish that parasitizes freshwater mussels
Coevolutionary relationships between parasites and hosts can elevate the rate of evolutionary changes due to reciprocal adaptations between coevolving partners. Such relationships can result in the evolution of host specificity. Recent methodological advances have permitted the recognition of cryptic lineages, with important consequences for our understanding of biological diversity. We used the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), a freshwater fish that parasitizes unionid mussels, to investigate host specialization across regions of recent and ancient sympatry between coevolving partners. We combined genetic data (12 microsatellite and 2 mitochondrial markers) from five populations with experimental data for possible mechanisms of host species recognition (imprinting and conditioning). We found no strong evidence for the existence of cryptic lineages in R. amarus, though a small proportion of variation among individuals in an area of recent bitterling-mussel association was statistically significant in explaining host specificity. No other measures supported the existence of host-specific lineages. Behavioural data revealed a weak effect of conditioning that biased behavioural preferences toward specific host species. Host imprinting had no effect on oviposition behaviour. Overall, we established that populations of R. amarus show limited potential for specialization, manifested as weak effects of host conditioning and genetic within-population structure. Rhodeus amarus is the only species of mussel-parasitizing fish in Europe, which contrasts with the species-rich communities of bitterling in eastern Asia where several host-specific bitterling occur. We discuss costs and constraints on the evolution of host-specific lineages in our study system and more generally.
Data from: Ecological change alters the evolutionary response to harvest in a freshwater fish
Harvesting can induce rapid evolution in animal populations, yet the role of ecological change in buffering or enhancing that response is poorly understood. Here, we developed an eco-genetic model to examine how ecological changes brought about by two notorious invasive species – zebra and quagga mussels– influence harvest-induced evolution and resilience in a freshwater fish. Our study focused on lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where the species supports valuable commercial and subsistence fisheries, and where the invasion of dreissenid (zebra and quagga) mussels caused drastic shifts in ecosystem productivity. Using our model system, we predicted faster rates of evolution of maturation reaction norms in lake whitefish under pre-invasion ecosystem conditions when growth and recruitment of young to the population were high. Slower growth rates that occurred under post-invasion conditions delayed when fish became vulnerable to the fishery, thus decreasing selection pressure and lessening the evolutionary response to harvest. Fishing with gill nets and traps nets generally selected for early maturation at small sizes, except when fishing at low levels with small mesh gill nets under pre-invasion conditions; in this latter case, evolution of delayed maturation was predicted. Overall, the invasion of dreissenid mussels lessened the evolutionary response to harvest, while also reducing the productivity and commercial yield potential of the stock. These results demonstrate how ecological conditions shape evolutionary outcomes and how invasive species can have a direct effect on evolutionary responses to harvest and sustainability.
Data from: Climate and local abundance in freshwater fishes
Identifying factors regulating variation in numbers of individuals among populations across a species' distribution is a fundamental goal in ecology. A common prediction, often referred to as the abundant-centre hypothesis, suggests that abundance is highest near the centre of a species' range. However, because of the primary focus on the geographical position of a population, this framework provides little insight into the environmental factors regulating local abundance. While range-wide variation in population abundance associated with environmental conditions has been investigated in terrestrial species, the relationship between climate and local abundance in freshwater taxa across species' distributions is not well understood. We used GIS-based temperature and precipitation data to determine the relationships between climatic conditions and range-wide variation in local abundance for 19 species of North American freshwater fishes. Climate predicted a portion of the variation in local abundance among populations for 18 species. In addition, the relationship between climatic conditions and local abundance varied among species, which is expected as lineages partition the environment across geographical space. The influence of local habitat quality on species persistence is well documented; however, our results also indicate the importance of climate in regulating population sizes across a species geographical range, even in aquatic taxa.
Data from: Do freshwater ecoregions and continental shelf width predict patterns of historical gene flow in the freshwater fish Poecilia butleri?
We examined historical patterns of gene flow in the freshwater fish Poecilia butleri in western Mexico. We tested the hypothesis that the boundaries between four freshwater ecological communities (ecoregions) might have limited the movement of P. butleri because changes in species compositions might restrict establishment between adjacent ecoregions, even in situations where a physical barrier is absent. Hence, we predicted that boundaries between ecoregions should correspond to phylogeographical breaks in P. butleri. We also tested the hypothesis that the width of the continental shelf affected historical gene flow in P. butleri because a broad continental shelf provides a greater opportunity for rivers to coalesce during historical episodes of low sea levels as opposed to a narrow continental shelf that should restrict the potential for gene flow among adjacent rivers. Hence, we predicted greater amounts of historical gene flow among neighbouring river basins in the region of western Mexico where the continental shelf is wider, whereas, in the region where the continental shelf is narrower, we expected to detect limited levels of historical gene flow. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequence data (cytochrome b) taken from 264 individuals of P. butleri collected from 34 locations distributed across four different ecoregions in western Mexico. To examine patterns of phylogenetic diversification and historical gene flow in P. butleri, we employed several analytical approaches, including traditional tree-based phylogenetic analyses (likelihood and parsimony), haplotype network reconstruction, analyses of molecular variance, and spatial analysis of molecular variance. We found genetic breaks coinciding with two out of three different ecoregion boundaries, suggesting limited historical gene flow. In addition to different species compositions between these adjacent ecoregions, geological features such as the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the mountainous topography in south-western Mexico, likely contributed to these observed genetic breaks. By contrast, no genetic break was evident between two other ecoregions, a result that partially rejects our first hypothesis. Several results were consistent with our second hypothesis. Changes in the width of the continental shelf in western Mexico are associated with the observed patterns of historical gene flow. Our results indicate that the interactions among multiple geological and biological factors affect the spatial patterns of genetic diversity of widespread freshwater species.
Data from: Characterizing neutral and adaptive genomic differentiation in a changing climate: the most northerly freshwater fish as a model
Arctic freshwater ecosystems have been profoundly affected by climate change. Given that the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is often the only fish species inhabiting these ecosystems, it represents a valuable model for studying the impacts of climate change on species life history diversity and adaptability. Using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach, we identified 5976 neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and found evidence for reduced gene flow between allopatric morphs from two high Arctic lakes, Linne´vatn (Anadromous, Normal, and Dwarf) and Ellasjøen (Littoral and Pelagic). Within each lake, the degree of genetic differentiation ranged from low (Pelagic vs. Littoral) to moderate (Anadromous and Normal vs. Dwarf). We identified 17 highly diagnostic, putative adaptive SNPs that differentiated the allopatric morphs. Although we found no evidence for adaptive differences between morphs within Ellasjøen, we found evidence for moderate (Anadromous vs. Normal) to high genetic differentiation (Anadromous and Normal vs. Dwarf) among morphs within Linne´vatn based on two adaptive loci. As these freshwater ecosystems become more productive, the frequency of sympatric morphs in Ellasjøen will likely shift based on foraging opportunities, whereas the propensity to migrate may decrease in Linne´vatn, increasing the frequency of the Normal morph. The Dwarf charr was the most genetically distinct group. Identifying the biological basis for small body size should elucidate the potential for increased growth and subsequent interbreeding with sympatric morphs. Overall, neutral and adaptive genomic differentiation between allopatric and some sympatric morphs suggests that the response of Arctic charr to climate change will be variable across freshwater ecosystems.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the freshwater fish genus Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Astyanax varzeae, paratype, MCP 40535, 68.2 mm SL, rio São João, rio da Várzea headwaters, an affluent of rio Negro, upper rio Iguaçu basin. In this exemplar, the anterior portion of the black midlateral stripe is expanded, forming a faint second humeral spot.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of the freshwater fish genus Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 6. Anova box-whisker plots of the orbital diameter as a percentage of head length in Astyanax varzeae, A. totae, A. cremnobates and A. brachypterygium. Significant differences using one-way analysis of variance test were found among the species (F=67.91, P=0.001). Mean represented by squares, and confidence intervals (95%) as lateral bars of box-whisker plots. Asterisks represent extreme values.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of the freshwater fish genus Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Astyanax varzeae, holotype, MHNCI 11688, 83.1 mm SL, rio São João, rio da Várzea headwaters, an affluent of rio Negro, upper rio Iguaçu basin.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of the freshwater fish genus Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 7. Anova box-whisker plots of the snout length as a percentage of head length in Astyanax varzeae and A. paranae. Significant differences using one-way analysis of variance test were found among the species (F=11.18, P=0.001). Mean represented by squares, and confidence intervals (95%) as lateral bars of box-whisker plots. Asterisks represent extreme values.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of the freshwater fish genus Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 5. Orbital diameter as function of head length in Astyanax varzeae, A. totae, A. cremnobates and A. brachypterygium. Note that the confidence intervals (95%) do not overlap in A. varzeae, A. brachypterygium and A. cremnobates, indicating significant difference. In head lengths higher than 15.5 mm the 95% confidence intervals do not overlap in A. varzeae and A. totae.
FIGURE 4. Astyanax varzeae, MHNCI 9146 in A new species of the freshwater fish genus Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Iguaçu basin, southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4. Astyanax varzeae, MHNCI 9146. Lateral view of maxilla (top-left), premaxilla (top-right), and lower jaw (bottom).
FIGURE 1. A in Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. and Orientocreadium pseudobagri Ya m a g u t i (Digenea: Orientocreadiidae), from freshwater fish of the Primorsky region (southern far east, Russia) with a description of their life cycles
FIGURE 1. A. Orientocreadium pseudobagri from Perccottus glehni, adult, ventral view. B. Orientocreadium pseudobagri from Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, adult, ventral view. C. Orientocreadium elegans n. sp., holotype. D. Orientocreadium elegans n. sp., paratype. E. Cirrus sac of Orientocreadium pseudobagri.
FIGURE 2. A in Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. and Orientocreadium pseudobagri Ya m a g u t i (Digenea: Orientocreadiidae), from freshwater fish of the Primorsky region (southern far east, Russia) with a description of their life cycles
FIGURE 2. A. Cercaria of Orientocreadium pseudobagri from Lymnaea coreana, ventral view. B. Cercaria of Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. from Lymnaea coreana, ventral view. C. Metaercaria of Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. from Phoxinus lagowskii, ventral view. D. Metacercaria of Orientocreadium elegans n. sp. from Pseudorasbora parva, ventral view.
FIGURE 6 in Devario anomalus, a new species of freshwater fish from Bangladesh (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 6. Original illustrations of Cyprinus devario (top) and Perilampus ostreographus (below) as reproduced by McClelland (1839: plate 45[incorrectly labeled as 56 on plate]).
FIGURE 5 in Devario anomalus, a new species of freshwater fish from Bangladesh (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 5. Molecular phylogeny of the Cyprinidae obtained from maximum likelihood (ML) and parsimony (MP) analyses of 1497 base pairs of RAG1. Best ML tree topology recovered from 20 independent searches is shown on the left; lnL=-14340.169. Strict consensus of six most-parsimonious trees is shown on the right (TL = 2581 steps; CI = 0.406; RI = 0.571). Numbers along branches indicate bootstrap support (values below 50% are not shown). Devario anomalus, highlighted in bold, is recovered within Devario in both analyses (indicated by the grey box).
FIGURE 2 in Devario anomalus, a new species of freshwater fish from Bangladesh (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 2. Devario anomalus in life. a. UF 174139, holotype, 71.6 mm SL; Bangladesh: Chittagong Division. b. UF 17244, paratype; same data as holotype.
FIGURE 4 in Devario anomalus, a new species of freshwater fish from Bangladesh (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 4. Infraorbital series, right side in lateral view (image reversed) of Devario anomalus, UF 174140, 76.0 mm SL.
FIGURE 2. Boraras maculatus, BMNH 1985.12.18 in Boraras naevus, a new species of miniature and sexually dichromatic freshwater fish from peninsular Thailand (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 2. Boraras maculatus, BMNH 1985.12.18:8-9, Malaysia: Kelantan: Ayer Hitam. Above. Male, 12.9 mm SL. Below. Female, 15.0 mm SL.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.