Find research datasets worth reusing

Data supporting: Drivers of individual-based, antagonistic interaction networks during plant range expansion

1. Range expansion in plant populations, especially at the colonization front, can be either limited by disproportionately large effects of antagonistic interactions or facilitated by their release. How the strength of antagonistic interactions changes along successional gradients during range expansion is still poorly documented, especially when diverse assemblages of plant antagonists (rodents, invertebrates, and birds) combine within interaction networks. 2. We study the changes in individual-based, predispersal seed-pulp predator networks along a colonization gradient in a rapidly-expanding Juniperus phoenicea population in Doñana National Park (SW Spain). Additionally, we analysed the role of individual plant traits and neighbourhood attributes in network configuration by using Exponential Random Graph Models. 3. Seven seed-pulp consumer animal species varied significantly in their frequency of interaction and prevalence. While invertebrate species were well established in old and intermediately mature stands, greenfinch (Chloris chloris) was dominant at the colonization front. Variable species roles and spread of interactions among individual plants generated changes in the configuration of interactions during plant expansion. 4. Individual plant traits strongly determined the topology of these networks, although with differences between stands. Increasing individual crop size and seeds per cone increased the interaction odds of individual plants, while seed viability showed the opposite effect. The network topology at the colonization front appeared less driven by individual traits, possibly because of the short interaction history of this recently established area. The disproportionately large effect of C. chloris in these recently established stands, potentially resulted in large seed losses during range expansion. 5. Synthesis. Turnover of antagonistic interactions, characterized the colonization front, resulting in more heterogeneous interaction strengths among individual plants. We found no evidence for a complete or sizeable antagonistic release of J. phoenicea at the colonization front promoting this rapid expansion. It becomes necessary to explore interactions with seed dispersers to understand how antagonistic and mutualistic plant-animal interactions balance during range expansion. Our study highlights the importance of an individual-based approach in understanding how interactions are structured and driven in natural changing landscapes.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Overview of COVID-19 individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MAs)

Individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MAs), which include harmonising and analysing participant-level data from related studies, provide several advantages over aggregate data meta-analyses, which pool study-level findings. IPD-MAs inform the design and conduct of randomised clinical trials and have informed the research and public health responses to COVID-19. To identify areas of overlap, we conducted a rapid systematic review of completed or ongoing COVID-19 IPD-MAs. We identified 31 COVID-19 related IPD-MAs, including 5 living IPD-MAs, and found several areas of overlap in study designs, populations, exposures, and outcomes of interest. Details of the 31 identified COVID-19 IPD-MAs are presented in this dataset.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Data set from "Absolute Treatment Effects for the Primary Outcome and All-cause Mortality in the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of New Antidiabetic Drugs – A Meta-Analysis of Digitalized Individual Patient Data"

This data set contains the complete digitalized individual patient data that are used in the manuscript "Absolute Treatment Effects for the Primary Outcome and All-cause Mortality in the Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of New Antidiabetic Drugs – A Meta-Analysis of Digitalized Individual Patient Data", which is accepted from "Acta Diabetologica". The data file is in CSV format and contains the five variables "OutcomeType" (with values "AllcauseMortality" or "PrimaryOutcome"), "Study" (denoting the respective cardiovascular outcome trial), "Treatment" (denoting the respective study treatment or placebo), "Event" (denoting if the respective has been observed (Event=1) or not (Event=0)), and "SurvivalTimeMonths" (denoting the respective time to the event or censoring in months).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Recordings of Electron Beam Effects on Individual Dopant Atoms in Graphene

This data are scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images whose contrast comes from high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scattering as well as medium angle annular dark field (MAADF). The specimen is single layer graphene (courtesy Ondrej Dyck), placed on a Protochips TEM grid which allows to rapidly heat the material upwards of 1200 C, which is primarily to reduce contamination from the electron beam. There are also various single dopant atoms scattered throughout - silicon naturally is present, but there may also be chromium atoms that were very lightly evaporated. The electron beam in the STEM, which is generally used to image the specimen, can also be used to modify the structure - i.e., move dopant atoms around the surface and into vacancy sites, or even knock out individual carbon atoms, which can depend on accelerating voltage of the beam. This data then consists of sets of the following: The purpose of this data is to utilize reinforcement learning (RL) to explore and ultimately learn the rules of the dynamics of single dopant atom movement due to various characteristics of the electron beam (position relative to dopant atom, dwell time of beam, current in the beam, etc.), and therefore consists of the following: <ol> <li>Image 1 (before)</li> <li>Beam positions in time</li> <li>Image 2 (after)</li> </ol>

Six-month stability of individual differences in sports coaches' burnout, self-compassion and social support

Using a three-wave prospective cross-lagged panel design, the study examined the six-month stability of burnout, self-compassion, and social support among sports coaches in terms of measurement invariance, mean-level change, rank-order stability, and structural stability. The participating coaches (N = 422; Mage = 44.48, SD = 11.03) completed an online questionnaire measuring self-compassion, social support, coach burnout, and demographics at baseline and two follow-ups at three months and six months. The various forms of stability were assessed using structural equation modeling. There was no significant mean-level change in burnout, self-compassion, or social support, and all three constructs exhibited measurement invariance. Rank-order stability remained relatively high, ranging from 0.78 to 0.94 across the three time points. For all three constructs, covariances between latent factors were invariant over time, indicating high structural stability. While self-compassion and social support were positively related, both were negatively related to coach burnout. These results confirm the importance of preventing and addressing symptoms of burnout, low self-compassion, and poor social support in sports settings.

Wildfire influences individual growth and breeding dispersal, but not survival and recruitment in a montane amphibian

Global wildfire regimes are changing rapidly, with widespread increases in the size, frequency, duration, and severity of wildfires. Whereas the effects of wildfire on ecological state variables such as occupancy, abundance, and species diversity are relatively well-documented, changes in population vital rates (e.g., survival, recruitment) and individual responses (e.g., growth, movement) to wildfire are more limited because of the detailed information needed on the same individuals both pre- and post-fire. We capitalized on the 2018 Roosevelt wildfire, which occurred during our six-year (2015–2020) capture-mark-recapture study of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas; n = 1415) in the Bridger-Teton National Forest, USA, to evaluate the responses of population vital rates and individual metrics to wildfire. We employed robust design capture-recapture models to compare the growth, dispersal, survival, and recruitment of adult boreal toads pre- and post-fire at burned versus unburned sites. At burned locations, growth increased two-years post-fire compared with the year directly following wildfire and was higher two-years post-fire than any other interval during our study period. Boreal toads dispersed to alternative breeding patches more at burned sites than unburned sites and dispersal increased two-years post-fire compared with the year directly following wildfire. Annual survival and recruitment did not differ between pre- and post-fire years nor among pre-fire years, the year following wildfire, and two-years post-fire. We demonstrate that, in certain contexts, dispersal can play a major role in changes to state variables (e.g., abundance) after wildfire, as opposed to other vital rates such as survival and recruitment. Our study represents an important step towards understanding the biological processes that underlie observed patterns in state variables following wildfire, which ultimately will be critical for the effective management of species in landscapes experiencing shifts in fire activity.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Data from: Individual heterogeneity in fitness in a long-lived herbivore

Heterogeneity in the intrinsic quality and nutritional condition of individuals affects reproductive success and consequently fitness. Black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) are long-lived, migratory, specialist herbivores. Long migratory pathways and short summer breeding seasons constrain the time and energy available for reproduction, thus magnifying life-history trade-offs. These constraints, combined with long lifespans and trade-offs between current and future reproductive value, provide a model system to examine the role of individual heterogeneity in driving life-history strategies and individual heterogeneity in fitness. We used hierarchical Bayesian models to examine reproductive trade-offs, modeling the relationships between within-year measures of reproductive energy allocation and among-year demographic rates of individual females breeding on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska using capture-recapture and reproductive data from 1988 to 2014. We generally found that annual survival tended to be buffered against variation in reproductive investment, while breeding probability varied considerably over the range of clutch size-laying date combinations. We provide evidence for relationships between breeding probability and clutch size, breeding probability and nest initiation date, and an interaction between clutch size and initiation date. Average lifetime clutch size also had a weak positive relationship with apparent survival probability. Our results support the use of demographic buffering strategies for black brant. These results also indirectly suggest associations among environmental conditions during growth, fitness, and energy allocation, highlighting the effects of early growth conditions on individual heterogeneity, and subsequently, lifetime reproductive investment.

Individual growth of the Flathead Knobscaled Lizard, Xenosaurus platyceps, from tropical and temperate populations

Growth rates of ectotherms are frequently affected by environmental conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, and prey availability. However, local adaptation to environmental conditions could influence geographic variation in growth rates. We studied growth rates of the Flathead Knob-scaled Lizard, Xenosaurus platyceps, from a tropical population and a temperate population in Tamaulipas, Mexico. We used a field study and a common garden experiment to examine the extent and potential causes of variation in individual growth rates between these two populations from contrasting environments. Field-determined growth rates in the tropical population were greater than those in the temperate population. In a laboratory common garden experiment that manipulated food availability and temperature for neonates from each population, neonates from the tropical population grew faster than those from the temperate population. Neonates kept at higher temperatures grew faster than those kept at lower temperature. In addition, growth rates of neonates from temperate and tropical populations did not differ at low temperature, but neonates from the tropical population grew faster at the higher temperature than did the neonates from the temperate population. Food treatment did not affect individual growth rates in these lizards, although there was a trend for neonates grown with higher food availability to grow faster. Our results suggest that not only does the warm environment of the tropical population contribute to the observed differences in field growth rates, but there is a genetic difference in the ability of the tropical population to take advantage of the warmer temperatures to increase growth rates.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Human food subsidies drive individual specialization and intrapopulation dietary differences in a generalist predator

Generalist species can exhibit individual specialization (IS), where individuals adopt specialized foraging behaviors not attributable to age, sex, or social dominance. While IS increases with the diversity of available foraging resources (ecological opportunity), the potential impact of human food subsidies on ecological opportunity is unknown. We quantified the isotopic niche width of Steller's Jays (Cyanocitta stelleri), a synanthropic predator and dietary generalist, across a gradient of human land-use categories ranging from subsidized (park campgrounds) to unsubsidized (forest interior) habitats in a protected area in California. We asked (1) if isotopic niche width was better predicted by individual foraging behavior than sex, social dominance, or habitat category (indicating IS) and (2) if degree of IS exhibited by jays increased with the availability of human food subsidies. We characterized the isotopic niche space occupied by individual jays relative to the population using carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values. Using linear models, we found that jay diet variation was best explained by individual behavior and habitat use rather than by sex or social dominance. While degree of IS increased with the availability of human foods, individual jays exhibited a variety of foraging behaviors in all habitats that were segregated by foraging stratum and use of human foods. Individual diet also determined the degree of specialization, as jays that specialized on human foods had the narrowest niche width regardless of habitat. Management efforts targeted at generalist wildlife exhibiting large degrees of IS should therefore account for the impact of food subsidies on foraging behavior. Approaches that involve aversive conditioning may fail where highly-specialized individuals are unlikely to encounter treatments, therefore we recommend simultaneous efforts to limit human food subsidies (e.g., information campaigns and improved containment of human food and food waste), and deployment across the largest possible extent of foraging microhabitats and substrates in order to ensure exposure of whole populations to emetic eggs.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs in an Italian cohort of individuals with obesity: a key to explain the link between depression and atherothrombosis.

This record contains raw data related to the article “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Extracellular Vesicle-Derived miRNAs in an Italian Cohort of Individuals With Obesity: A Key to Explain the Link Between Depression and Atherothrombosis”  Abstract:  Background: Obesity and depression are intertwined diseases often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), altered in the brain both of subjects with depression and obesity, provides a potential link between depression and thrombosis. Since the relationship among peripheral BDNF, depression and obesity is not well-defined, the aim of the present report has been to address this issue taking advantage of the contribution played by extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived miRNAs. Research Process: Associations among circulating BDNF, depression and EVderived miRNAs related to atherothrombosis have been evaluated in a large Italian cohort of obese individuals (n = 743), characterized by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score. Results: BDI-II was negatively associated with BDNF levels without a significant impact of the rs6265 BDNF polymorphism; this association was modified by raised levels of IFN-g. BDNF levels were linked to an increase of 80 EV-derived miRNAs and a decrease of 59 miRNAs related to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Network analysis identified at least 18 genes targeted by these miRNAs, 7 of which involved in depression and CV risk. The observation of a possible link among BDNF, depression, and miRNAs related to atherothrombosis and depression in obesity is novel and may lead to a wider use of BDNF as a CV risk biomarker in this specific subject group.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Individual or group signatures in spotted hyena whoops

In animal societies, identity signals mediate interactions within groups, and allow individuals to discriminate group-mates from out-group competitors. However, individual recognition becomes increasingly challenging as group size increases and as signals must be transmitted over greater distances. Group vocal signatures appear to evolve when successful in-group/out-group distinctions are at the crux of fitness-relevant decisions, but individual-based recognition systems may be favored when differentiated within-group relationships are important for decision-making. Spotted hyenas are social carnivores that live in stable clans of <125 individuals composed of multiple unrelated matrilines. Clan members cooperate to defend resources and communal territories from neighboring clans and other mega carnivores; this collective defense is mediated by long-range (up to 5 km range) recruitment vocalizations, called whoops. Here, we use machine learning to determine that spotted hyena whoops contain individual but not group signatures, and that fundamental frequency features that propagate well are critical for individual discrimination. For effective clan-level cooperation, hyenas face the cognitive challenge of remembering and recognizing individual voices at long range. We show that serial redundancy in whoop bouts increases individual classification accuracy and thus extended call bouts used by hyenas likely evolved to overcome the challenges of communicating individual identity at long distance.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Difference between finger prints of type 2 diabetics and healthy individuals

This dataset provides the fingerprint patterns of type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Careful inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select participants so that their fingerprints could be compared for research purposes.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Data for: Marking through moults: An evaluation of visible implant elastomer to permanently mark individuals in a lower termite species

1. Advances in individual marking methods have facilitated detailed studies of animal populations and behaviour as they allow tracking of individuals through time and space. Hemimetabolous insects, representing a wide range of commonly-used model organisms, present a unique challenge to individual marking as they are not only generally small-bodied, but also moult throughout development, meaning that traditional surface marks are not persistent. 2. Visible implant elastomer (VIE) offers a potential solution as small amounts of the inert polymer can be implanted under the skin or cuticle of an animal. VIE has proved useful for individually marking fish, crustaceans and amphibians in both field and laboratory studies, and has recently been successfully trialled in laboratory populations of worms and fly larvae. We trialled VIE in the single-piece nesting termite Zootermopsis angusticollis, a small hemimetabolous insect. 3. We found that there was no effect of VIE on survival and that marks persisted following moulting. However, we found some evidence that marked termites performed less allogrooming and trophallaxis than controls, although effect sizes were very small. 4. Our study suggests that VIE is an effective technique for marking small hemimetabolous insects like termites but we advocate that caution is applied, particularly when behavioural observation is important.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Individual aerosol particle data from Zeppelin Observatory

The excel sheets include individual aerosol particle composition data measured using a scanning transmission electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (STEM-EDS). The samples were collected from Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard. The data are used in a paper by Adachi et al. submitted to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Composition and mixing state of Arctic aerosol and cloud residual particles from long-term single-particle observations at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard).

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Glycemic patterns are distinct in individuals with post-bariatric hypoglycemia after gastric bypass (PBH-RYGB)

While bariatric surgery can improve glycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D), it can also result in severe hypoglycemia with neuroglycopenia, termed post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH). Hypoglycemia typically occurs postprandially but is also reported post-activity or mid-nocturnally. We used masked CGM (Dexcom G4) to quantify glycemia, glycemic variability (GV), and severity/length of low sensor glucose (SG) values in patients with PBH with prior Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (PBH-RYGB, n=40), and compared patterns to those from individuals with reactive hypoglycemia without GI surgery (Non-Surg Hypo, n=20) and to public data from healthy controls (HC, n=38) and individuals with pre-diabetes (Pre-DM, n=14), and newly-diagnosed T2D (n=5). Data were assessed over 24 hours, daytime (6 AM to midnight) and nighttime (midnight to 6 AM). Mean and median SG were similar for PBH-RYGB and HC (mean: 99.8±18.6 vs. 96.9±10.2 mg/dL; median: 93.0±14.8 vs. 94.5±7.4 mg/dL). By contrast, PBH-RYGB had a higher coefficient of variation (27.3±6.8 vs. 17.9±2.4%, p<0.0001) and wider range (154.5±50.4 vs. 112.0±26.7 mg/dL, p<0.0001). Nadir was lowest in PBH-RYGB (42.5±3.7 vs. HC 49.0±11.9 mg/dL, p=0.0046), with >2-fold greater time with SG<70 mg/dL vs. HC (7.7±8.4 vs. 3.2±4.1%, p=0.0013); these differences were even greater at night (12.6±16.9 vs. 1.0±1.5%, p<0.0001). Non-Surg Hypo also had 4-fold greater time with SG<70 at night vs. HC (SG <70: 4.0 ± 5.9% vs 1.0 ± 1.5%), but glycemic variability was not increased in this group. Patients with PBH-RYGB experience higher glycemic variability and frequency of SG<70 compared to HC, especially at night. These data suggest that additional pathophysiologic mechanisms beyond prandial changes contribute to PBH.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

A model for the dissemination of circulating tumour cell clusters involving platelet recruitment and a plastic switch between cooperative and individual behaviours

This folder includes live/dead cell counts as well as transwell assay data for the corresponding manuscript.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

The impact of COVID-19 on the everyday life of blind and sighted individuals

The datasets contain:  - raw data of the open-ended question with the percentage of participants declaring a specific difficulty for COVID-19. - raw data of Questionnaire 1 divided by: Daily routine, Social life and Sleep habits. In each file the question number is reported in the header of each column.  - raw data of Questionnaire 2 with the individual sum of responses for each personality category.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Source data for "Lonely individuals process the world in idiosyncratic ways"

The following includes the source data for the manuscript titled "Lonely individuals process the world in idiosyncratic ways".

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

An in vivo stable isotope labeling method to investigate individual matrix protein synthesis, ribosomal biogenesis, and chondrocyte proliferation in murine articular cartilage

These experiments have used a stable-isotope method using in vivo deuterium oxide labeling and mass spectrometry to measure protein concentration, protein half-life, cell proliferation, and ribosomal biogenesis in a single sample of murine articular cartilage. We hypothesized that a 60-day labeling period would capture age-related declines in cartilage matrix protein content, protein synthesis rates, and chondrocyte proliferation. Knee cartilage was isolated from 25- and 90-week-old female C57BL/6J mice treated with deuterium oxide for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. We measured protein abundance and half-lives using high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAM) and d2ome data processing software.