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2,135 results for “stabling”
Telemetry validated nitrogen stable isotope clocks identify ocean-to-estuarine habitat shifts in mobile organisms
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Data from: Biparentally incubating Aegithalos concinnus (Black-throated Tit) provide a more stable nest thermal environment than uniparentally incubating A. glaucogularis (Silver-throated Tit)
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Data from: Toward a standardised protocol for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals
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Washington harbor seal stable isotope data
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Regional differences in soil stable isotopes and vibrational features at depth in three California Grasslands
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Salmon Creek Watershed Stable Isotope Data
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Data from: Tuning of feedforward control enables stable muscle force-length dynamics after loss of autogenic proprioceptive feedback
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Stable Isotopic Composition of Nitrates and POM in BES Streams
In the Baltimore urban long-term ecological research (LTER) project, (Baltimore Ecosystem Study, BES) we use the watershed approach to evaluate integrated ecosystem function. The LTER research is centered on the Gwynns Falls watershed, a 17,150 ha catchment that traverses a gradient from the urban core of Baltimore, through older urban residential (1900 - 1950) and suburban (1950- 1980) zones, rapidly suburbanizing areas and a rural/suburban fringe. Stable isotopic analyses were carried out on stream samples collected bi-weekly from June 2005 through December 2005 as part of the routine Baltimore LTER sampling. Sites included POBR (forest), MCDN (agricultural), BARN (low-residential), GFGL (suburban), DRKR (urban), GFCP (urban), and RGHT (storm drain). Samples were also taken from a small tributary to the Gwynns Falls (GFGR), approximately 300 m above GFCP, that was highly contaminated with sewage. A major sewer leak to this stream was identified and repaired in April 2004. Stable isotopic analyses of soil water underneath fertilized lawns and atmospheric deposition was measured in long-term lawn study plots on the campus of the University of Maryland Baltimore County. Storm samples were also collected from 6 locations (DR1, DR3.1, DR3.2, DR4, DR5, DRKR gauge) within the Dead Run watershed over July 2005. At one site (DR3), two sets of samples were collected, one just above (DR3.1) and just below (DR3.2) an overflowing sewer. All stormflow samples were collected on the receding limb of the storm hydrograph, as the flashy nature of these urban streams makes sampling the rising limb difficult in terms of both timing and personal safety. Nitrate concentrations are a separate set of chemical analyses than the routine weekly analyses.
Stable isotope composition (d18O) of seawater from stations in the Palmer LTER Study Site
The west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a region of marked climatic variability, exhibiting strong changes in sea ice extent, retreat of the majority of its glaciers, and shifts in the amount and form of precipitation. These changes can have significant impacts on the oceanic freshwater budget and marine biogeochemical processes; it is thus important to ascertain the relative balance of the drivers, and the spatial scales over which they operate. We present a new 7-year summer-season (October to March; 2011 to 2018) series of oxygen isotopes in seawater (δ18O), augmented with some winter sampling, collected adjacent to Anvers Island at the WAP. These data are used to attribute oceanic freshwater changes to sea ice and meteoric sources, and to deduce information on the spatial scales over which the changes are driven. Sea ice melt shows strong seasonality (~9% range) and marked interannual changes, with pronounced maxima in seasons 2013/14 and 2016/17. Both of these extrema are driven by anomalous winds, but reflect strongly contrasting dynamic and thermodynamic sea ice responses. Meteoric water also shows marked seasonality (~7% range), with interannual variability reflecting changes in the input of accumulated precipitation and glacial melt to the ocean. Unlike sea ice melt, meteoric water extremes are especially pronounced in thin (<10m) surface layers close to Marr Ice Piedmont, associated with enhanced ocean stratification. Isotopic tracers help to deconvolve the complex spatio-temporal scales inherent in the coastal freshwater budget, and hence improve knowledge of the separate and cumulative physical and ecological impacts.
Data from: Mining the stable quantitative trait loci for agronomic traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on an introgression line population
<p><span><span><b>Background</b>: Human demand for wheat will continue to increase together with the continuous global population growth. Agronomic traits in wheat are susceptible to environmental conditions. Therefore, in breeding practice, priority is given to QTLs of agronomic traits that can be stably detected across multiple environments and over many years.</span></span></p> <p><span><span><b>Results: </b>In this study, QTL analysis was conducted for eight agronomic traits using an introgression line population across eight environments (drought stressed and well-watered) for five years. In total, 44 additive QTLs for the above agronomic traits were detected on 15 chromosomes. Among these, <i>qPH-6A</i>, <i>qHD-1A</i>, <i>qSL-2A</i>, <i>qHD-2D</i> and<i> qSL-6A</i> were detected across seven, six, five, five and four environments, respectively. The means in the phenotypic variation explained by these five QTLs were 12.26%, 9.51%, 7.77%, 7.23%, and 8.49%, respectively. </span></span></p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>We identified five stable QTLs, which includes <i>qPH-6A</i>, <i>qHD-1A</i>, <i>qSL-2A</i>, <i>qHD-2D</i> and<i> qSL-6A</i>. They play a critical role in wheat agronomic traits. One of the dwarf genes<i> Rht14</i>, <i>Rht16</i>, <i>Rht18</i> and <i>Rht25</i> on chromosome 6A might be the candidate gene for <i>qPH-6A</i>. The <i>qHD-1A</i> and <i>qHD-2D</i> were novel stable QTLs for heading date and they differed from known vernalization genes, photoperiod genes and earliness per se genes.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Hill KGW, Nielson KE, Tyler JJ, McInerney FA, Doubleday ZA, Frankham GJ, Johnson RN, Gillanders BM, Delean S, Cassey P (2020) Pet or pest? Stable isotope methods for determining the provenance of an invasive alien species. NeoBiota 59: 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.59.53671
Table S2.1; Figure S1. Explanation of methods for determining the optimal sampling size and design, using a power analysis on pilot data
Supplementary material 1 from: Hill KGW, Nielson KE, Tyler JJ, McInerney FA, Doubleday ZA, Frankham GJ, Johnson RN, Gillanders BM, Delean S, Cassey P (2020) Pet or pest? Stable isotope methods for determining the provenance of an invasive alien species. NeoBiota 59: 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.59.53671
Tables S1.1, S1.2. A detailed description of indexes used for calculating confidence of status of Trachemys scripta elegans individuals
Multi-year impact of maternal provisioning on a juvenile elasmobranch: pitfalls of tissue type and tracer number for stable isotope analysis
<p>Stable isotope data and R script for all the analysis referred to in the manuscript.</p>
Dark septate endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Paris-morphotype) affect the stable isotope composition of 'classically' non-mycorrhizal plants
<p>The vast majority of terrestrial plants exchange nutrients with fungal partners forming different mycorrhizal types. The minority of plants considered as non-mycorrhizal, however, are not necessarily free of any fungi, but are frequently colonized by elusive fungal endophytes, such as <i>dark septate endophytes</i> (<i>DSE</i>) or <i>fine root endophytes</i> (<i>FRE</i>). While a functional role of <i>FRE</i> in improvement of nutrient gain was recently elucidated, the function of <i>DSE</i> is still in discussion and was here addressed for 36 plant species belonging to the families Equisetaceae, Cypereaceae and Caryophyllaceae.</p> <p>Molecular and microscopic staining approaches were conducted to verify the presence of <i>DSE</i> in the investigated species. Stable isotope natural abundances of the elements carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen and total nitrogen concentrations were analyzed for the respective species of the target plant families and accompanying mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (Brassicaceae) plant species.</p> <p>Staining approaches confirmed the presence of <i>DSE</i> in all investigated species within the families Equisetaceae, Cyperaceae and Caryophyllaceae. A co-colonization with <i>Paris</i>-type arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was occasionally found by staining and molecular approaches in species of the Equisetaceae. Species of the Equisetaceae, Cyperaceae and Caryophyllaceae were significantly <sup>15</sup>N-enriched in comparison to accompanying plants. In addition, a significant <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>2</sup>H enrichment and increased total nitrogen concentrations were found for representatives of the Equisetaceae.</p> <p>The <sup>15</sup>N-enrichment found here for representatives of Equisetaceae, Cyperaceae and Caryophyllaceae provides evidence for a functional role of the ubiquitous <i>DSE</i> fungi. <i>DSE</i> fungi obviously provide access to <sup>15</sup>N-enriched soil organic compounds probably in exchange for organic carbon compounds from plant photosynthesis. As indicated by additional <sup>13</sup>C- and <sup>2</sup>H-enrichments, representatives of the Equisetaceae apparently gain simultaneously organic carbon compounds from their AM fungi of the <i>Paris</i>-morphotype. Thus, species of the Equisetaceae have to be considered as partially, or in case of the achlorophyllous fertile Equisetum arvense, as fully mycoheterotrophic at least in some stages of their life cycle.</p> <p>So far mostly underappreciated fungi classified as <i>DSE</i> are suggested to occupy an ecologically relevant role similar to mycorrhizae and the occurrence of simultaneous functions of <i>DSE</i> and AM fungi in Equisetaceae is proposed.</p>
Offspring sex-ratios are stable across the life-course in Drosophila simulans
Within populations, adult sex ratios influence population growth and extinction risk, mating behaviors and parental care. Additionally, sex ratio adjustment can have pronounced effects on individual fitness. Accordingly, it is important that we understand how often, and why, offspring sex ratios deviate from parity. In Drosophila melanogaster, females appear to improve their fitness by producing fewer sons when paired with older males. However, facultative sex ratio adjustment in D. melanogaster is controversial, and our understanding of how sex ratio skew affects fitness is hampered by pronounced sexual conflict in this species. Additionally, it is unclear if maternal age or quality interact with paternal age to influence offspring sex ratios. Here, we test whether offspring sex ratios vary as a function of maternal quality, and maternal and paternal age in Drosophila simulans, a sister species of D. melanogaster that lacks overt sexual conflict. We find that offspring sex ratios are slightly male biased overall, but constant across the female life-course, and independent of female quality, or paternal age. To really understand if, how and when females skew offspring sex ratios, we need studies linking offspring sex ratios to male and female phenotypes that are predicted to shift optimal investment in sons and daughters.
Bayesian stable isotope mixing models effectively characterize the diet of an Arctic raptor
<p>1. Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (BSIMMs) for δ13C and δ15N can be a useful tool to reconstruct diets, characterize trophic relationships, and assess spatiotemporal variation in food webs. However, use of this approach typically requires a priori knowledge on the level of enrichment occurring between the diet and tissue of the consumer being sampled (i.e., a trophic discrimination factor or TDF).</p> <p>2. TDFs derived from captive feeding studies are highly variable, and it is challenging to select the appropriate TDF for diet estimation in wild populations. We introduce a novel method for estimating TDFs in a wild population: a proportionally balanced equation that uses high-precision diet estimates from nest cameras installed on a subset of nests in lieu of a controlled feeding study (TDFCAM).</p> <p>3. We tested the ability of BSIMMs to characterize diet in a free-living population of gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) nestlings by comparing model output to high-precision nest camera diet estimates. We analyzed the performance of models formulated with a TDFCAM against other relevant TDFs and assessed model sensitivity to an informative prior. We applied the most parsimonious model inputs to a larger sample to analyze broad-scale temporal dietary trends.</p> <p>4. BSIMMs fitted with a TDFCAM and uninformative prior had the best agreement with nest camera data, outperforming TDFs derived from captive feeding studies. BSIMMs produced with a TDFCAM produced reliable diet estimates at the nest level and accurately identified significant temporal shifts in gyrfalcon diet within and between years.</p> <p>5. Our method of TDF estimation produced more accurate estimates of TDFs in a wild population than traditional approaches, consequently improving BSIMM diet estimates. We demonstrate how BSIMMs can complement a high-precision diet study by expanding its spatiotemporal scope of inference and recommend this integrative methodology as a powerful tool for future trophic studies. </p>
Calcium stable isotopes of Tonga and Mariana arc lavas and implications for slab fluid-mediated carbonate transfer in subduction zones
<p>The Table 1 shows Ca isotopes and selected major and trace element compositions of the Tonga rear arc and Mariana arc lavas.</p> <p>Supporting imformation includ Figure S1 and Table S1</p> <p>Figure S1 shows the δ<sup>44/42</sup>Ca‰ versus δ<sup>43/42</sup>Ca‰ in all samples and reference materials measured by Nu Plasma 1700 MC-ICP-MS in GPMR.</p> <p>Table S1 lists the major and trace element contents of NW Rota-1 and Esmeralda Bank samples from Mariana arc. Major elements are tested on board and trace elements are measured by ICP-MS in GPMR.</p>
Data from: Multidimensional stable isotope analysis illuminates resource partitioning in a sub-Antarctic island bird community
1. A central theme in community ecology is understanding how similar species co-exist and how their interactions may evolve in the context of climate change. Most studies of resource partitioning among central place foragers, particularly birds, focus on the offspring-rearing period, when they are accessible, but breeding success may be determined earlier and little is known about how such species partition resources at the onset of breeding. 2. We used a non-invasive approach to evaluate resource partitioning in co-existing females at a sub-Antarctic island during their pre-laying periods. 3. Three hypotheses were tested using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios measured in shells and membranes of hatched eggs as ecological tracers: 1) resource partitioning by geographic location and trophic level will exist among the 12 bird species and will be enhanced within taxonomic groups; 2) given the absence of strong oxygen gradients in the Southern Ocean we will not detect spatial structuring based on oxygen isotopes, but differences will exist between resident and oceanic species as the former may use meteoric water; 3) capital and income breeder strategies can be differentiated using stable isotopes of egg remains. 4. Two and three dimensional isotopic data showed resource partitioning among species. As predicted, segregation was evident within the four main taxonomic groups: penguins, albatrosses, burrowing petrels and giant petrels. Unexpectedly, oxygen isotopes revealed widespread use of meteoric water among a suite of sub-Antarctic birds. Stable isotopes allowed us to identify females of most species as income breeders at the onset of breeding, with the exception of the two crested penguin females exhibiting a mix of income and capital resources use. 5. Multidimensional isotopic analyses revealed that resource partitioning exists at multiple stages of the annual cycle in ways likely to be important under global change, exhibiting wide potential for ecosystem analysis.
Evaluating Bayesian stable isotope mixing models of wild animal diet and the effects of trophic discrimination factors and informative priors
<blockquote> <p>1. Ecologists quantify animal diets using direct and indirect methods, including analysis of faeces, pellets, prey items and gut contents. For stable isotope analyses of diet, Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (BSIMMs) are increasingly used to infer the relative importance of food sources to consumers. Although a powerful approach, it has been hard to test BSIMM performance for wild animals because precise, direct dietary data are difficult to collect.<br> 2. We evaluated the performance of BSIMMs in quantifying animal diets when using δ13C and δ15N stable isotope ratios from the feathers and red blood cells of common buzzard Buteo buteo chicks. We analysed mixing model outcomes with various trophic discrimination factors (TDFs), with and without informative priors, and compared these to direct observations of prey provisioned to chicks by adults at nests, using remote cameras. <br> 3. Although BSIMMs with different TDFs varied markedly in their performance, the statistical package SIDER generated TDFs for both feathers and blood that resulted in model outputs that accorded well with direct observations of prey provisioning. Using feather TDFs derived from captive peregrines Falco peregrinus resulted in estimates of diet composition that were also similar to provisioned prey, though blood TDFs from the same study performed poorly. The inclusion of informative priors, based on conventional analysis of pellet and prey remains, markedly reduced model performance.<br> 4. BSIMMs can provide accurate assessments of diet in wild animals. TDF estimates from the SIDER package performed well. The inclusion of informative priors from conventional methods in Bayesian mixing models can transfer biases into model outcomes, leading to erroneous results.</p> </blockquote>
Allometric trajectories in Picea abies [L.] Karst. trees remain stable despite differences in temperature, phenology and growth along an elevational gradient.
<p>Dataset for the manuscript "Allometric trajectories in Picea abies [L.] Karst. trees remain stable despite differences in temperature, phenology and growth along an elevational gradient.".</p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.