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Last of the Wild Project, Version 1, 2002 (LWP-1): Top One Percent Wild Areas Dataset (IGHP)

The Top One Percent Wild Areas Dataset of the Last of the Wild Project, Version 1, 2002 (LWP-1) is derived from the LWP-1 Human Footprint Dataset. The gridded data are classified according to their raster value (wild = 0-1; not wild >1). The top 1% of the wild areas within each biome by realm are selected and identified. The dataset in Interrupted Goode Homolosine Projection (IGHP) is produced by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).

Development of a Low Mass, Low Power Deformable Mirror with Integrated Drive Electronics Project

<p> &quot;Deformable mirrors (DM) are key to achieving high contrast for any mission to image expolanets. Currently Northrup Grumman Xinetics is the only viable source for high-contrast capable deformable mirrors. This proposal will help to develop a deformable mirror with integrated driver electronics, eliminating traditional bulky external driver electronics and the associated cabling. The DM will have reduced mass and volume and will consume less power than traditional DMs. In addition to the reduced mass and volume, the approach incorporates a number of innovations to improve overall DM performance. The actuator uses single crystal giant-piezos offering up to 10 times the energy density of conventional ceramics, and a force-focused and cantilevered configuration to maximize the transducers energy efficiency in generating mirror motions. In addition, it utilizes a bulk micromachining process for DM fabrication in order to create a single crystal architecture at low cost and with a high optical quality surface figure. When fully developed, the DMs are expected to have large stroke (8-um), low-voltage (~40V), low weight, fast rise time (10 microseconds) and low manufacturing cost. Our price/performance goal is 10,000 actuators with a 10 kHz framing rate for $40k. The technology is scalable from hundreds of actuators to millions of actuators. Microscale delivered a first generation DM to JPL under an SBIR grant in early March 2011. This first generation DM driver was delivered with a simple Microchip-based serial interface from the ASIC to a control computer, and detailed documentation on the ASIC interface protocol. JPL will develop an FPGA high-speed ASIC/computer interface, one capable of operating the DM at its full frame rate. Once the high-speed DM driver is complete, JPL will characterize the delivered 32x32 DM in the lab. We will measure the frame rate of the DM, actuator response speed, maximum stroke, go to positioning accuracy, number of dead ac</p>

San Diego Coastal Project

Measurements near the Southern Californias coast made under the San Diego Coastal Project between 2004 and 2006.

AirMSPI verison 6 ellipsoid-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the SPEX-PR flight campaign

AirMSPI_SPEX-PR_Ellipsoid-projected_Georegistered_Radiance_Data is an AirMSPI ellipsoid-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the SPEX engineering flights + Porter Ranch gas leak overflights (SPEX-PR) flight campaign.AirMSPI Level 1B2 products contain radiometric and polarimetric images of clouds, aerosols, and the surface of the Earth. In particular, products contain map-projected data at 8 wavelengths: 355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, and 935 nm. The data products include radiance, time, solar zenith, solar azimuth, view zenith, and view azimuth for all spectral bands. Wavelengths for which polarization information is available (470, 660, and 865 nm) also include the Stokes parameters Q and U, as well as degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and angle of linear polarization (AOLP). Q, U, and AOLP are reported relative to both the scattering and view meridian planes. Files are distributed in HDF-EOS-5 format.This release of AirMSPI data contains all targets acquired during the SPEX engineering flights + Porter Ranch gas leak overflights (SPEX-PR) flight campaign, which was based out of Armstrong Flight Research Center in Palmdale, CA. The SPEX engineering flights conducted on February 2 through February 5, 2016 focused on the checkout of another polarimeter, SPEX airborne, built by SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, with AirMSPI providing validation. On February 9, the ER-2 overflew the Porter Ranch, California natural gas leak with AirMSPI and the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) collecting data.

West Africa Coastal Vulnerability Mapping: Population Projections, 2030 and 2050

The West Africa Coastal Vulnerability Mapping: Population Projections, 2030 and 2050 data set is based on an unreleased working version of the Gridded Population of the World (GPW), Version 4, year 2010 population count raster but at a coarser 5 arc-minute resolution. Bryan Jones of Baruch College produced country-level projections based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 4 (SSP4). SSP4 reflects a divided world where cities that have relatively high standards of living, are attractive to internal and international migrants. In low income countries, rapidly growing rural populations live on shrinking areas of arable land due to both high population pressure and expansion of large-scale mechanized farming by international agricultural firms. This pressure induces large migration flow to the cities, contributing to fast urbanization, although urban areas do not provide many opportUnities for the poor and there is a massive expansion of slums and squatter settlements. This scenario may not be the most likely for the West Africa region, but it has internal coherence and is at least plausible.

AirMSPI ellipsoid-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the NASA SEAC4RS flight campaign August-September 2013, V005

AirMSPI_SEAC4RS_Ellipsoid-projected_Georegistered_Radiance_Data are AirMSPI ellipsoid-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the NASA SEAC4RS flight campaign.AirMSPI Level 1B2 products contain radiometric and polarimetric images of clouds, aerosols, and the surface of the Earth. In particular, products contain map-projected data at 8 wavelengths: 355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, and 935 nm. The data products include radiance, time, solar zenith, solar azimuth, view zenith, and view azimuth for all spectral bands. Wavelengths for which polarization information is available (470, 660, and 865 nm) also include the Stokes parameters Q and U, as well as degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and angle of linear polarization (AOLP). Q, U, and AOLP are reported relative to both the scattering- and view meridian planes. Files are distributed in HDF-EOS-5 format.This release of AirMSPI data contains all targets acquired during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) flight campaign. SEAC4RS was primarily based out of Ellington Field in Houston, Texas (initial flights were based out of Armstrong Flight Research Center in Palmdale, CA), and focused on clouds and aerosols in the United States. AirMSPI data were acquired from August 1 through September 23, 2013.

Last of the Wild Project, Version 3 (LWP-3): 1993 Human Footprint, 2018 Release

The 1993 Human Footprint, 2018 Release provides a global map of the cumulative human pressure on the environment in 1993, at a spatial resolution of ~1 km. The human pressure is measured using eight variables including built-up environments, population density, electric power infrastructure, crop lands, pasture lands, roads, railways, and navigable waterways. The 1993 Human Footprint was developed to allow inter-comparability with the 2009 Human Footprint. The data set is produced by Venter et.al., and is available in the Mollweide projection.

BOUSSOLE project

The purpose of the BOUSSOLE project is to establish a time series of optical properties in oceanic waters, in support to bio-optics research, to calibration of ocean color satellite observations, and to validation of the products derived from these observations. The bio-optics research as well as the match-up analyses and vicarious calibration experiments are performed based on the data set that is being built from the permanent marine optical buoy and monthly cruises. The site where the mooring is deployed and where the cruises are carried out is located in the Ligurian sea, one of the sub-basins of the Western Mediterranean sea. BOUSSOLE is a joint effort by multiple organizations and is funded and supported by the following agencies and academic or governmental institutes European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), University Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), and Observatoire Oceanologique de Villefranche-sur-Mer.

Next Generation Microshutter Arrays Project

We propose to develop the next generation MicroShutter Array (MSA) as a multi-object field selector for missions anticipated in the next two decades. For many applications, this field selector improves instrument efficiency proportionally to the number of shutters opened simultaneously. We have successfully developed and built the JWST microshutter array system, which increases the observing efficiency of the Near Infrared Spectrometer by two orders of magnitude. As a result of this development, there is a significant scientific demand for these devices for space-based and ground based applications. The availability of large format microshutters can significantly increase the scientific reach of spectroscopic survey instrument such as WFIRST and future missions such as ATLAST. The basic design of the JWST MSA cannot be extended to such a large scales due to the design limitations set by the required magnetic actuation. We have recently demonstrated shutter operation using DC plus AC resonant pumping. The breakthrough demonstrates that we are able to eliminate bulky permanent magnets used for JWST MSA actuation, thus opening an avenue to create a very large focal plane field selector that can be built at much lower cost. in this program, we will fabricate electrostatically actuated microshutter arrays and demonstrate their performance for use as UV, visible, and infrared field selectors.

Country-Level Population and Downscaled Projections Based on the SRES B2 Scenario, 1990-2100

The Country-Level Population and Downscaled Projections Based on Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) B2 Scenario, 1990-2100, were based on the UN 1998 Medium Long Range Projection for the years 1995 to 2100. The official version projects population for 8 regions of the world including Africa, Asia (minus India and China), India, China, Europe, Latin America, Northern America, and Oceania. This data set is produced and distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).

Across the Channel Investigating Diel Dynamics project

The ACIDD (Across the Channel Investigating Diel Dynamics) project, in the Santa Barbara Channel, was initially designed to characterize daily variations in phytoplankton populations, but with the Thomas Fire in the Santa Barbara Hills December 2017, this project evolved into a study to characterize the effects of smoke and ash on the mixed layer in the Santa Barbara Channel.

OWLETS-2 NASA GSFC Pandora Spectrometer Project Data

OWLETS2_Pandora_Data_1 is the Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS-2) ozone and nitrogen dioxide data collected by the NASA GSFC Pandora Spectrometer Project located at various ground sites and onboard the SERC research vessel during the OWLETS-2 field campaign. OWLETS was supported by the NASA Science Innovation Fund (SIF). Data collection is complete.Coastal regions have typically posed a challenge for air quality researchers due to a lack of measurements available over water and water-land boundary transitions. Supported by NASA’s Science Innovation Fund (SIF), the Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study (OWLETS) field campaign examined ozone concentrations and gradients over the Chesapeake Bay from July 5, 2017 – August 3, 2017, with twelve intensive measurement days occurring during this time period. OWLETS utilized a unique combination of instrumentation, including aircraft, TOLNet ozone lidars (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Tropospheric Ozone Differential Absorption Lidar and NASA Langley Research Center Mobile Ozone Lidar), UAV/drones, ozonesondes, AERONET sun photometers, and mobile and ship-based measurements, to characterize the land-water differences in ozone and other pollutants. Two main research sites were established as part of the campaign: an over-land site at NASA LaRC, and an over-water site at the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel. These two research sites were established to provide synchronous vertical measurements of meteorology and pollutants over water and over land. In combination with mobile observations between the two sites, pollutant gradients were able to be observed and used to better understand the fundamental processes occurring at the land-water interface. OWLETS-2 was completed from June 6, 2018 – July 6, 2018 in the upper Chesapeake Bay region. Research sites were established at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Hart Miller Island (HMI), and Howard University Beltsville (HUBV), with HMI representing the over-water location and UMBC and HUBV representing the over-land sites. Similar measurements were carried out to further characterize water-land gradients in the upper Chesapeake Bay. The measurements completed during OWLETS are of importance in enhancing air quality models, and improving future satellite retrievals, particularly, NASA’s Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution, which is scheduled to launch in 2022.

AirMSPI version 6 ellipsoid-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the CalWater-2 flight campaign Jan-Feb 2015

AirMSPI_CalWater-2_Ellipsoid-projected_Georegistered_Radiance_Data are AirMSPI Ellipsoid-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the Precipitation, Aerosols, and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers Experiment (CalWater-2) flight campaign Jan-Feb 2015. AirMSPI Level 1B2 products contain radiometric and polarimetric images of clouds, aerosols, and the surface of the Earth. In particular, products contain map-projected data at 8 wavelengths: 355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, and 935 nm. The data products include radiance, time, solar zenith, solar azimuth, view zenith, and view azimuth for all spectral bands. Wavelengths for which polarization information is available (470, 660, and 865 nm) also include the Stokes parameters Q and U, as well as degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and angle of linear polarization (AOLP). Q, U, and AOLP are reported relative to both the scattering- and view meridian planes. Files are distributed in HDF-EOS-5 format.This release of AirMSPI data contains all targets acquired during the Precipitation, Aerosols, and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers Experiment (CalWater-2) flight campaign, which was conducted in partnership between NASA, NOAA, DOE, NSF, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Colorado State University. The campaign focused on the study of atmospheric rivers and interaction with aerosols offshore of California in the North Pacific. NASA’s ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft, with AirMSPI, was based out of Palmdale, CA. AirMSPI data were acquired from January 20 through February 24, 2015.

AirMSPI version 6 terrain-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the FIREX-AQ flight campaign

AirMSPI_FIREX-AQ_Terrain-projected_Georegistered_Radiance_Data are AirMSPI terrain-projected georegistered radiance product acquired during the NASA/NOAA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) flight campaign Aug 2019.AirMSPI Level 1B2 products contain radiometric and polarimetric images of clouds, aerosols, and the surface of the Earth. In particular, products contain map-projected data at 8 wavelengths: 355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, and 935 nm. The data products include radiance, time, solar zenith, solar azimuth, view zenith, and view azimuth for all spectral bands. Wavelengths for which polarization information is available (470, 660, and 865 nm) also include the Stokes parameters Q and U, as well as degree of linear polarization (DOLP) and angle of linear polarization (AOLP). Q, U, and AOLP are reported relative to both the scattering- and view meridian planes. Files are distributed in HDF-EOS-5 format.This release of AirMSPI data contains all targets acquired during the NASA/NOAA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) flight campaign. The NASA ER-2 with the AirMSPI instrument conducted flights from Aug 1 to Aug 21 and was based out of Armstrong Flight Research Center in Palmdale, California.

Amorphous Metals for Opto-Mechanical Fixtures and Mechanisms Project

<p>The new JPL Metallurgy Facility is a small-scale foundry-type laboratory with capabilities for fabricating new metal alloys and metal-matrix-composites, casting prototypes, and performing mechanical testing.</p>

New Detector Development for X-ray Astronomy Project

"We propose to continue our detector development program in X-ray astronomy. Under our current grant we are developing a new type of active pixel detector. The current funding allows us to carry this design through CDR, but will not cover fabrication of the detectors. Here we propose to build and test these innovative detectors, which could potentially be employed in future missions such as IXO, Xenia, Gen-X, and SMEX/MIDEX-class missions. This proposal supports NASA's goals of technical advancement of technologies suitable for future missions and training of graduate students."

Yup'ik Environmental Knowledge Project, Version 1

Over the last ten years the Calista Elders Council (CEC) staff has worked with elders from Bering Sea coastal communities to document Yup'ik place names. Elders have been eager to teach young people their rich history and named places of their homeland, including camp and settlement sites, rivers, sloughs, rocks, ponds, even sandbars and underwater channels. More than 3,000 names have been identified. Also included are Yup'ik views on the importance of place names, the land, values, and language.

Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1): Settlement Points, Revision 01

The Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1): Settlement Points, Revision 01 is an updated version of the Settlement Points, Version 1 (v1) used in the original population reallocation. Revision 01 includes improved geospatial location for selected settlements, as well as new georeferenced settlements. Revision 01 was produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in collaboration with the CUNY Institute for Demographic Research (CIDR).

Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1): Coastlines

The Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project, Version 1 (GRUMPv1): Coastlines data are derived from the land area grids to show the outlines of pixels (cells) that contain administrative Units in GRUMPv1 that fall along waterbodies. The coastlines are designed for cartographic use with the GRUMPv1 population raster data sets. This data set is produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) in collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), The World Bank, and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT).

African Climate Mobility Initiative (ACMI): Bilateral Migration Projections

The African Climate Mobility Initiative (ACMI): Bilateral Migration Projections consists of projections for bilateral migration flows at 5-year intervals from 2015 to 2050 for a combination of 2 sets of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios and 3 sets of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios. The Unit of analysis for the projections are directed migration corridor from an origin country to a sending country on the African continent (there are 46 African countries, thus 2,070 unique directed corridors). These data underpin the African Shift reports that were produced by the Africa Climate Mobility Initiative (ACMI) and released under the auspices of the United Nations (UN) Global Center on Climate Migration (GCCM). The ACMI is a joint initiative of the African Union Commission (AUC), the United Nations Development Fund (UNDP), and the World Bank.