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Fig. 3 Dorsal 3D in The application of B-omics^ technologies for the classification and identification of animals
Fig. 3 Dorsal 3D print of a serolid isopod (Crustacea, Peracarida)
FIGURE 5 in Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history
FIGURE 5. Calibration diagram for actinopterygians (basal teleosts and Clupeocephala).
FIGURE 6 in Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history
FIGURE 6. Calibration diagram for actinopterygians (Acanthomorpha).
FIGURE 3 in Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history
FIGURE 3. Calibration diagram for gnathostomes.
FIGURE 8 in Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history
FIGURE 8. Calibration diagram for amniotes.
FIGURE 1 in Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history
FIGURE 1. Calibration diagram for metazoans.
FIGURE 4 in Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history
FIGURE 4. Calibration diagram for actinopterygians (Chondrostei, Holostei).
FIGURE 7 in Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history
FIGURE 7. Calibration diagram for tetrapods.
"Quacking for Noggin": Farm Animal–Assisted Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors
<p>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of animal-assisted therapies with farm animals (AATF), in this case domesticated ducks, on depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the following hypothesis was tested: Engaging in AATF with domesticated ducks will be associated with decreased depression, decreased anxiety, and increased self-efficacy. The study examined the effects of AATF on anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy among nine patients with TBI. A time series quasi-experimental design was utilized. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Survey (HADS) and General Self-Efficacy (GSE) questionnaires at baseline, followed by the AAFT intervention. The AAFT intervention consisted of two one-hour sessions interacting with ducks every week for 12 weeks. Participants repeated baseline measures immediately following the intervention, and again four weeks post intervention to evaluate the residual effects of the intervention. A general linear model was employed to examine changes in anxiety, depression, and selfefficacy. Participants’ anxiety scores decreased significantly from baseline to post intervention measure (p = .009); however, there were no statistically significant differences between anxiety levels immediately post intervention and four weeks later. There were no statistically significant differences in depression or self-efficacy levels at pre-, post-, and retest. Our study hypothesis was partially supported in that statistically significant decreases in anxiety were observed from baseline to immediate posttest. Mastery of skills, vicarious experiences, and verbal persuasion may be the factors that contributed to the beneficial outcomes of the interactions between persons with TBI and domesticated ducks</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Colección de microorganismos con interés en nutrición animal.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Colección de microorganismos con interés en nutrición animal". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/1f7c2e95-ebec-4d14-9adb-ee958da858dd">https://bionomia.net/dataset/1f7c2e95-ebec-4d14-9adb-ee958da858dd</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/1f7c2e95-ebec-4d14-9adb-ee958da858dd">https://gbif.org/dataset/1f7c2e95-ebec-4d14-9adb-ee958da858dd</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Table S1 General characteristics of animal studies on HTPs
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Metabolic theory predicts animal self-thinning
1. The Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) predicts observed patterns in ecology based on metabolic rates of individuals. The theory is influential but also criticized for a lack of firm empirical evidence confirming MTE's quantitative predictions of processes, e.g. outcome of competition, at population or community level. 2. Self-thinning is a well-known population level phenomenon among plants, but a much less studied phenomenon in animal populations and no consensus exists on what a universal thinning slope for animal populations might be, or if it exists. 3. The goal of this study was to use animal self-thinning as a tool to test population-level predictions from MTE, by analyzing (i) if self-thinning can be induced in populations of house crickets (Acheta domesticus) and (ii) if the resulting thinning trajectories can be predicted from metabolic theory, using estimates of the species-specific metabolic rate of A. domesticus 4. I performed a laboratory study where the growth of A. domesticus was followed, from hatching until emergence as adults, in 71 cohorts of five different starting densities. 5. 96% of all cohorts in the three highest starting densities showed evidence of self-thinning, with estimated thinning slopes in general being remarkably close to that expected under metabolic constraints: A cross-sectional analysis of all data showing evidence of self-thinning produced an OLS slope of -1.11, exactly that predicted from specific metabolic allometry of Acheta domesticus. This result is furthermore supported by longitudinal analyses, allowing for independent responses within cohorts, producing a mean OLS slope across cohorts of -1.13 and a fixed effect LMEM slope of -1.09. Sensitivity analysis showed that these results are robust to how the criterion for on-going self-thinning was defined. Finally, also as predicted by metabolic theory, temperature had a negative effect on the thinning intercept, producing an estimate of the activation energy identical to that suggested by MTE. 6. This study demonstrates a direct link between the metabolic rate of individuals and a population-level ecological process and as such provides strong support for research that aims to integrate body mass, via its effect on metabolism, consumption and competition, into models of populations and communities.
Data from: A simple behavioral model predicts the emergence of complex animal hierarchies
Social dominance hierarchies are widespread, but little is known about the mechanisms that produce non-linear structures. In addition to despotic hierarchies, where a single individual dominates, shared hierarchies exist where multiple individuals occupy a single rank. In vertebrates, these complex dominance relationships are thought to develop from interactions that require higher cognition, but similar cases of shared dominance have been found in social insects. Combining empirical observations with a modeling approach, we show that all three hierarchy structures-linear, despotic, and shared-can emerge from different combinations of simple interactions present in social insects. Our model shows that a linear hierarchy emerges when a typical winner-loser interaction (dominance biting) is present. A despotic hierarchy emerges when a policing interaction is added that results in the complete loss of dominance status for an attacked individual (physical policing). Finally, a shared hierarchy emerges with the addition of a "winner-winner" interaction that results in a positive outcome for both interactors (antennal dueling). Antennal dueling is an enigmatic ant behavior that has previously lacked a functional explanation. These results show how complex social traits can emerge from simple behaviors without requiring advanced cognition.
Data from: A new low-turbulence wind tunnel for animal and small vehicle flight experiments
Our understanding of animal flight benefits greatly from specialized wind tunnels designed for flying animals. Existing facilities can simulate laminar flow during straight, ascending and descending flight, as well as at different altitudes. However, the atmosphere in which animals fly is even more complex. Flow can be laminar and quiet at high altitudes but highly turbulent near the ground, and gusts can rapidly change wind speed. To study flight in both laminar and turbulent environments, a multi-purpose wind tunnel for studying animal and small vehicle flight was built at Stanford University. The tunnel is closed-circuit and can produce airspeeds up to 50 m s−1 in a rectangular test section that is 1.0 m wide, 0.82 m tall and 1.73 m long. Seamless honeycomb and screens in the airline together with a carefully designed contraction reduce centreline turbulence intensities to less than or equal to 0.030% at all operating speeds. A large diameter fan and specialized acoustic treatment allow the tunnel to operate at low noise levels of 76.4 dB at 20 m s−1. To simulate high turbulence, an active turbulence grid can increase turbulence intensities up to 45%. Finally, an open jet configuration enables stereo high-speed fluoroscopy for studying musculoskeletal control in turbulent flow.
Data from: Segmentation of laterally symmetric overlapping objects: application to images of collective animal behavior
Video analysis is currently the main non-intrusive method for the study of collective behavior. However, 3D-to-2D projection leads to overlapping of observed objects. The situation is further complicated by the absence of stall shapes for the majority of living objects. Fortunately, living objects often possess a certain symmetry which was used as a basis for morphological fingerprinting. This technique allowed us to record forms of symmetrical objects in a pose-invariant way. When combined with image skeletonization, this gives a robust, nonlinear, optimization-free, and fast method for detection of overlapping objects, even without any rigid pattern. This novel method was verified on fish (European bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and tiger barbs, Puntius tetrazona) swimming in a reasonably small tank, which forced them to exhibit a large variety of shapes. Compared with manual detection, the correct number of objects was determined for up to almost 90% of overlaps, and the mean Dice-Sørensen coefficient was around 0.83. This implies that this method is feasible in real-life applications such as toxicity testing.
Data from: Starvation effects on nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes of animals: an insight from meta-analysis of fasting experiments
Nitrogen and carbon stable isotopic compositions (δ15N and δ13C) of consumers have been used for physiological and food web studies. Previous studies have shown δ15N and δ13C values are affected by several biological and environmental factors during starvation, but the generality of the effect of starvation on δ15N and δ13C values has not yet been tested. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of starvation on δ15N and δ13C values of consumers, and the underlying factors that may explain the observed variation. The δ15N and δ13C values were calculated as the differences between the final δ15N and δ13C values of consumers (post-starvation) and the pre-starvation values on each experiment. Our meta-analysis showed a large variation in the δ15N and δ13C values of consumers (δ15N range: –0.82 to 4.30‰; mean: 0.47‰ and δ13C range: –1.92 to 2.62‰; mean: 0.01‰). The δ15N values of most consumers increased along the length of the starvation period and were influenced by nitrogen excretion and thermoregulation types, probably because differences in nitrogen metabolism and thermoregulation affect nitrogen processing and excretion rates. None of our predictor variables accounted for the variation in δ13C values, which showed both increases and decreases due to fasting. Our findings suggest that starvation results in changes in consumer δ15N values which are mainly explained by the length of the fasting period and by nitrogen and energy metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms of the starvation effects on δ13C values seem to be more complex than previously thought.
Data from: Output variability across animals and levels in a motor system
Rhythmic behaviors vary across individuals. We investigated the sources of this output variability across a motor system, from the central pattern generator (CPG) to the motor plant. In the bilaterally symmetric leech heartbeat system, the CPG orchestrates two coordinations in the bilateral hearts with different intersegmental phase relations (<em>Δ</em>φ) and periodic side-to-side switches. Population variability is large. We show that the system is precise within a coordination, that differences in repetitions of a coordination contribute little to population output variability, but that differences between bilaterally homologous cells may contribute to some of this variability. Nevertheless, much output variability is likely associated with genetic and life history differences among individuals. Variability of <em>Δ</em>φ were coordination-specific: similar at all levels in one, but significantly lower for the motor pattern than the CPG pattern in the other. Mechanisms that transform CPG output to motor neurons may limit output variability in the motor pattern.
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FIGURE 61 in Ticks of Australia. The species that infest domestic animals and humans
FIGURE 61. Ixodes tasmani (common marsupial tick),, female, dorsal.
FIGURE 56 in Ticks of Australia. The species that infest domestic animals and humans
FIGURE 56. Ixodes holocyclus (paralysis tick), male, dorsal.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.