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FIGURE 11 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 11. Clarkiella discoveryi Heding, in Heding & Panning, 1954, holotype (ZMUC-HOL 64). (a) specimen in lateral view; (b) top and (c) lateral view of tentacles; (d) anal papillae; (e–f) muscular system and gonads; (g) madreporite and stone canal; (h) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing the insertion of the retractor muscle and (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing the midIR (IR5), RIV and RV. Abbreviations: RM, retractor muscle, CM, circular muscle, LM, longitudinal muscle, GO, gonads, PV, Polian vesicle and M, madreporite, SC, stone canal. Plate identity follows the system established by Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 7 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 7. Selenkiella siamense Heding & Panning, 1954, holotype (ZMUC-HOL 250). Ossicles from body wall (a–b) table in (a) top and (b) bottom view; (c–d) rosettes from introvert; (e) plates and (f) end plate from tube feet.

FIGURE 8 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 8. Thorsonia sp. nov., holotype (ZMUC 324). (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) retractor muscle (white arrow); (c) tables spikes from tube feet (white arrow); (d) detail from body wall with 4-armed tables; (e) madreporite; (f) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing the RMA attachment; (g) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing during bleach (h) drawing of the calcareous ring showing radial and interradial plates subdivided (i) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing (IR 5) and (j) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view showing AB. Abbreviations: Middorsal interradial plate (IR5); AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. R, radial plate; IR interradial plate. Plate identity follows the system established by Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 6 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 6. Selenkiella siamense Heding & Panning, 1954, paratype (ZMUC-HOL 251). μCT volume rendering of calcareous ring (a–c) outer view, (d) oblique view, (e) inner view, (f) transverse cross-section at the top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity follows the system established by Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 5 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 5. Selenkiella siamense Heding & Panning, 1954, holotype (ZMUC-HOL 250). (a) specimen in lateral view; (b) top view of tentacles; (c) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view. Abbreviations: RM, retractor muscle, CM, circular muscle, LM, longitudinal muscle. Plate identity following Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 9 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 9. Thorsonia sp. nov., holotype (ZMUC 324). Ossicles from body wall (a–f): (a–b) 4 armed tables; (c, d) fusiform rods; (e, f) tables from anal region; (g, h) tables from tentacles and introvert and tube feet table in lower view (i) and lateral view (j).

FIGURE 12 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 12. Clarkiella discoveryi Heding, in Heding & Panning, 1954, holotype (ZMUC-HOL 64). Ossicles from body wall (a–b) table in (a) top and (b) bottom view; (c–d) plates from tentacle; (e–f) rosettes from introvert.

FIGURE 4 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 4. Phyllophorella robusta (Heding & Panning, 1954) (ZMUC-HOL 249). Ossicles from body wall (a–b) table in (a) top and (b) bottom view; (c) rosettes from introvert; (d–e) rods from tentacles; (f–h) plates and (i) end plate from tube feet.

FIGURE 1 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 1. The dotted lines indicate how the measurements of the different types of ossicles were taken.

FIGURE 2 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 2. Phyllophorella robusta (Heding & Panning, 1954), holotype (ZMUC-HOL 249). (a) specimen in lateral view; (b) muscular system and gonads; (c) Polian vesicle and madreporite and (d) photograph of the calcareous ring in outer view. Abbreviations: RM, retractor muscle, CM, circular muscle, LM, longitudinal muscle, GO, gonads, PV, Polian vesicle and M, madreporite.

FIGURE 3 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 3. Phyllophorella robusta (Heding & Panning, 1954), holotype (ZMUC-HOL 249). μCT volume rendering of calcareous ring (a–c) outer view, (d) oblique view, (e) inner view, (f) transverse cross-section at the top region. Unlabeled arrows in (e) point to groove for water vascular system canals. Abbreviations: AB, aquapharyngeal bulb attachment; IR, interradial plate; LMA, longitudinal muscle attachment; midIR, mid-dorsal interradial plate; midR, mid-ventral radial plate; R, radial plate; RMA, retractor muscle attachment. Plate identity follows the system established by Ludwig (1889–1892).

FIGURE 10 in Additions to the morphology of the Phyllophoridae and the Sclerodactylidae. I. Type species of Phyllophorella, Selenkiella, Cladolella and Clarkiella, with the description a new species of Thorsonia (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida)

FIGURE 10. Cladolella virgo Heding & Panning, 1954, (ZMUC-HOL 256). (a) specimen in dorsal view; (b) muscular system; (c) photograph of the calcareous ring in lateral view; (d) drawing of the calcareous ring (extracted from Heding & Panning, 1954 and (e) rods from body wall. Abbreviations: PV, Polian vesicle; AP, anterior projection.

Distribution. Known with certainly from type locality in C Vietnam and one locality in C Laos (Khammouan Limestone National Biodiversity Conservation Area); it might also be present in S China, butthis has yet to be confirmed. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Known with certainly from type locality in C Vietnam and one locality in C Laos (Khammouan Limestone National Biodiversity Conservation Area); it might also be present in S China, butthis has yet to be confirmed.

Distribution. Known only from two distant sites: type locality in W Ethiopia; and NE Nigeria (Numan, Adamawa State). May be widespread across Sudan Savanna Biome. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Known only from two distant sites: type locality in W Ethiopia; and NE Nigeria (Numan, Adamawa State). May be widespread across Sudan Savanna Biome.

Murina fusca may prove to be merely ajunior synonym of M. hilgendorfi, although the only known specimen is apparently very distinctive; further analysis is needed. Originally described as a race of M. huttonii, but does not appearto be closely related to it. Monotypic. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Heilongjiang, NE China. in Vespertilionidae

Murina fusca may prove to be merely ajunior synonym of M. hilgendorfi, although the only known specimen is apparently very distinctive; further analysis is needed. Originally described as a race of M. huttonii, but does not appearto be closely related to it. Monotypic. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Heilongjiang, NE China.

Distribution. Unknown; according to type locality, it occurs in South America, but this information is dubious. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Unknown; according to type locality, it occurs in South America, but this information is dubious.

Distribution. Known only from four localities, including type locality and Buea in SW Cameroon, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve in SW Central African Republic, and Budongo Forest in W Uganda. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Known only from four localities, including type locality and Buea in SW Cameroon, Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve in SW Central African Republic, and Budongo Forest in W Uganda.

Distribution. Known only from type locality in SE Cameroon and two localities in W Uganda and NW Tanzania. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Known only from type locality in SE Cameroon and two localities in W Uganda and NW Tanzania.

Distribution. India (Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu), C Nepal, Sri Lanka (Central and Uva provinces), SC China (SE Tibet [= Xizang], Yunnan, and Guangxi), and NE Myanmar (known only from type locality in Kachin State). in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. India (Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu), C Nepal, Sri Lanka (Central and Uva provinces), SC China (SE Tibet [= Xizang], Yunnan, and Guangxi), and NE Myanmar (known only from type locality in Kachin State).

Distribution. Known only from two localities in Central Province, SE Papua New Guinea, including type locality and Oio village, Abau district, ¢.120 km E of former. Former records are either misidentified Nyctophilus timoriensis or correspond to N. microdon. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Known only from two localities in Central Province, SE Papua New Guinea, including type locality and Oio village, Abau district, ¢.120 km E of former. Former records are either misidentified Nyctophilus timoriensis or correspond to N. microdon.