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Figure 14. Acropora herklotsi. A in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 14. Acropora herklotsi. A, syntypes figured in Reuss (1866, pl. 2 fig. 1a-c). B and C, lectotype, NHMW 1959/334/ 16, Gunung Selah, Ci Lanangthale, Java, Late Miocene (8.5–11.6 Ma): B, transverse section showing axial corallite; C, lateral view of the whole specimen showing radial corallites arrangement. D and E, paralectotype, NHMW 1959/334/ 16a, Gunung Selah, Ci Lanangthale, Java, Late Miocene (8.5–11.6 Ma): D, upper view of the bent branch; E, lateral view of the whole specimen showing radial corallites arrangement. F and G, paralectotype, NHMW 1959/334/15, Gunung Selah, Ci Lanangthale, Java, Late Miocene (8.5–11.6 Ma): F, transverse section showing axial corallite; G, lateral view of the whole specimen showing radial corallites arrangement.

Figure 11. Acropora lutkeni, RGM 3989 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 11. Acropora lutkeni, RGM 3989, Ci Ansana, Central Java, Middle to Late Miocene (8.5–13.5 Ma). A, whole specimen. B, upper view of axial corallite, radial corallites and septal arrangement. C, lateral view of radial corallites in two sizes, larger tubular–nariform and smaller partially immersed. D, detail showing thickened corallite outer margin. E, detail of coenosteum in between corallites formed of flattened spinules in reticular arrangement.

Figure 21 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 21. Acropora bartonensis. NHMUK PI AZ 6879, TF79, Batu Cermen, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Middle Miocene (14.8–15.3 Ma). A, whole specimen showing short branchlets indicative of hispidose form. B, detail of branchlet showing axial corallite and radial corallites. C, electron micrograph showing incipient branchlet and radial corallites. D, electron micrograph of incipient branchlet with radial corallite. E, electron micrograph of coenosteum formed of aligned simple flattened spinules.

Figure 25 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 25. Acropora horrida. NHMUK PI AZ 7104, TF518, Kampung Narut, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene to Early Pliocene (5–8 Ma). A, thicket of A. horrida preserved in a silt-rich sediment matrix. B, detail of colony in the field showing arborescent colony form. C–E, AZ 7104a–c, fragments of irregular slender branches. F, AZ 7104c, electron micrograph of a corallite. G, AZ 7104d, electron micrograph of branch tip with appressed tubular corallites. H, AZ 7104d, electron micrograph of axial corallite. I, AZ 7104c, detail of coenosteum in between corallites formed of simple spinules arranged into costae.

Figure 17. Acropora duncani. East Kalimantan. A–C, E and F, H in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 17. Acropora duncani. East Kalimantan. A–C, E and F, H, NHMUK PI AZ 6351, TF 154, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). D, G, I, NHMUK PI AZ 7086, TF 154, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, thin branches recovered in the same sample, some with signs of primary branching. B and C, AZ 6351a: B, upper view of a branch tip showing axial corallite, relatively thick corallite wall, and septal arrangement S1>S2; C, lateral view of the same specimen showing radial corallites. D–F, electron micrographs of three branches showing morphological variation of the coenosteum and horizontal lips of radial corallites: D, AZ 7086a, free simple spinules and subimmersed corallites; E, AZ 6351b, slightly fused simple spinules and mixed subimmersed and horizontal lipped corallites; F, AZ 6351c, fused spinules into costate coenosteum and mostly lipped corallites, exceptionally radial corallites are observed on alternating longitudinal rows. G, AZ 7086a, detail of free spinules. H, AZ 6351c, detail of fused spinules into costae. I, AZ 7086a, detail of coenosteum in between corallites formed of simple spinules.

Figure 15 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 15. Acropora herklotsi. NHMUK PI AZ6234, TF 154, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, four fragments recovered in the same sample, clockwise AZ6234a–d. B, AZ6234a, detail of a branch showing flaring lips of radial corallites and scar of a broken secondary branch. C, AZ6234c, electron micrograph of radial corallites with flaring lips. D–F, AZ6234a. D, electron micrograph of a branch tip showing corallite arrangement. E, electron micrograph of radial corallites with flared lips. F, electron micrograph of flattened simple spinules on coenosteum.

Figure 27 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 27. Acropora tortuosa. NHM UK Pl AZ 8847, TF504, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, two straight branches interpreted as middle part of a colony. B and C, AZ 8847a: B, detail showing secondary branch; C, electron micrograph showing incipient axial and radial corallites with costate walls, triangle indicates a small radial. D–F, AZ 8847b: D, rounded tubular and subimmersed corallites at the base of a branch; E, transverse section showing axial corallite; F, detail of coenosteum formed of slightly elaborated spinules.

Figure 20. Acropora fennemai. A–C in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 20. Acropora fennemai. A–C, lectotype, RGM 3997, Tjadasngampar, Java, Late Miocene (5.6–8.3 Ma): A, whole specimen; B, detail of a branchlet showing corallite arrangement; C, detail of a branchlet showing axial and radial corallites. D, RGM 791834, Kari Orang, Bengalon, East Kalimantan, Middle Miocene (13.77–15.1 Ma), whole specimen. E, RGM 167803, Gunung Batu, East Kalimantan, Middle to Late Miocene (10.7–12.4 Ma), whole specimen. F, RGM 17703, Sungai Gelingseh, East Kalimantan, Middle to Late Miocene (10.7–12.4 Ma), whole specimen, probably from a basal part of a colony. G–I, NHMUK PI AZ 7100, TF107, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). G, colony in the field showing hispidose growth; it overlies platy colonies of Porites. H, specimens from the same colony in the lab showing slender branches and short branchlets. I, detail of a branchlet.

Figure 23 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 23. Acropora elenae sp. nov. A, B, D, E, G, holotype NHMUK PI AZ 7096, TF508, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). C, F. NHMUK PI AZ 7444, paratype, TF508, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4– 9.8 Ma). A, AZ 7096a–c, three fragments of the same colony showing basal forked branching (left), and two broken fragments near the branch tip. B, AZ 7096d, branch tip in longitudinal section showing axial corallite and rounded tip. C, AZ 7444a, electron micrograph of a branch showing incipient branchlet and radial corallites. D, AZ 7096b, electron micrograph of an incipient branch from upper view showing large axial corallite and subimmersed radials. E, AZ 7096a, transverse section showing axial corallite. F, AZ 7444a, electron micrograph of subimmersed radial corallite showing septa arrangement. G, AZ 7096b, electron micrograph of costate coenosteum with simple flattened spinules.

Figure 24 in Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia

Figure 24. Acropora lavandulina. NHMUK PI AZ 1213, Tonasa, Sulawesi, Oligocene (28.1–33.9 Ma). A, AZ 1213a, polished section of the whole specimen preserved in a limestone. B, AZ 1213d, photomicrograph of longitudinal section showing tubular radial corallites evenly sized and distributed. C, AZ 1213b, polished section showing axial corallites in transverse section of three branches (upper middle) and a longitudinal section of a branch tip (down right). D, AZ 1213c, transverse section showing axial corallite. E, AZ 1213e, photomicrograph of transverse thin section.

FIG. 100. Acropora subulata, G63262 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 100. Acropora subulata, G63262, Mayotte, East Indian Ocean, 2010 (photo: P. Muir). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.

FIG. 111 Acropora valida, G62317 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 111 Acropora valida, G62317, Tanegashima Island, Japan (photo: P. Muir). Map of documented distribution. Blue squares denote MTQ specimens, pink squares literature records and orange diamonds type localities of species and synonyms (where given).

FIG. 102. Acropora sukarnoi, G50103 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 102. Acropora sukarnoi, G50103 Alor Islands, Indonesia, 1994 (photo: C. Wallace). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.

FIG. 99. Acropora subglabra, G65114 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 99. Acropora subglabra, G65114 Ribbon Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 2007 (photo: P. Muir). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.

FIG. 108 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 108. Acropora tumida, Kushimoto, Japan, 2009 (photo: P. Muir). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.

FIG. 94. Acropora speciosa, G62465 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 94. Acropora speciosa, G62465, Pohnpei, Micronesia, 2009 (photo: P. Muir). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.

FIG. 92. Acropora solitaryensis, G65008 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 92. Acropora solitaryensis, G65008, Solitary Islands, East Australia, 2011 (photo: P. Muir). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.

FIG. 91. Acropora sirikitiae, G55393 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 91. Acropora sirikitiae, G55393, Mai-ngam Bay, S. Surin Islands, Andaman Sea, Thailand, 2002 (photo: C. Wallace). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.

FIG. 122 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 122. Isopora togianensis, Togian Islands, Indonesia, 1999 (photo: B. Hoeksema). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.

FIG. 95. Acropora spicifera, G63130 in Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland

FIG. 95. Acropora spicifera, G63130, Kushimoto, Japan, 2009 (photo: P. Muir). Map of documented distribution: blue squares = MTQ specimens; pink squares = literature records; orange diamonds = type localities (where given), including primary synonyms.