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ShareScore release 0.9.0
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478 results for “Adult Brain”
Data from: Experimental evidence for sex-specific plasticity in adult brain
Background: Plasticity in brain size and the size of different brain regions during early ontogeny is known from many vertebrate taxa, but less is known about plasticity in the brains of adults. In contrast to mammals and birds, most parts of a fish's brain continue to undergo neurogenesis throughout adulthood, making lifelong plasticity in brain size possible. We tested whether maturing adult three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) reared in a stimulus-poor environment exhibited brain plasticity in response to environmental enrichment, and whether these responses were sex-specific, thus altering the degree of sexual size dimorphism in the brain. Results: Relative sizes of total brain and bulbus olfactorius showed sex-specific responses to treatment: males developed larger brains but smaller bulbi olfactorii than females in the enriched treatment. Hence, the degree of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in relative brain size and the relative size of the bulbus olfactorius was found to be environment-dependent. Furthermore, the enriched treatment induced development of smaller tecta optica in both sexes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that adult fish can alter the size of their brain (or brain regions) in response to environmental stimuli, and these responses can be sex-specific. Hence, the degree of SSD in brain size can be environment-dependent, and our results hint at the possibility of a large plastic component to SSD in stickleback brains. Apart from contributing to our understanding of the processes shaping and explaining variation in brain size and the size of different brain regions in the wild, the results show that provision of structural complexity in captive environments can influence brain development. Assuming that the observed plasticity influences fish behaviour, these findings may also have relevance for fish stocking, both for economical and conservational purposes.
Alterations of brain metabolites in adults with HIV: a systematic meta-analysis of MRS studies
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Objective.</b> A meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies to investigate alterations in brain metabolites in people with HIV (PWH), as well as their relationship with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and cognitive impairment. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods.</b> The PubMed database was searched for studies published from 1997 to 2020. Twenty-seven studies were identified, which included 1255 PWH and 633 controls. Four metabolites (N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myo-Inositol (mI), choline (Cho), and glutamatergic metabolites (Glx) from five brain regions (basal ganglia (BG), frontal gray and white matter (FGM, FWM), and parietal gray and white matter (PGM, PWM)) were pooled separately using random-effects meta-analysis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results. </b>During early HIV infection, metabolite alterations were largely limited to the BG, including Cho elevation, a marker of inflammation. <span><span>cART led to global mI and Cho normalization (i.e., less elevations)</span></span>, but improvement in NAA was negligible. In chronic PWH on cART, there were consistent NAA reductions across brain regions, along with Cho and mI elevations in the FWM and BG, and Glx elevations in the FWM. Cognitive impairment was associated with NAA reduction and to a lesser degree, mI elevation. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions.</b> The basal ganglia is the primary region affected during early infection. cART is successful in partially controlling neuroinflammation (global mI and Cho <span><span>normalization</span></span>). However, neuronal dysfunction (NAA reductions) and neuroinflammation (mI and Cho elevations) persist and contribute to cognitive impairment in chronic PWH. Novel compounds targeting NAA signal pathways, along with better neuroinflammation control, may help to reduce cognitive impairment in PWH. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Separation of memory span and learning rate: evidence from behavior and spontaneous brain activity in older adults
<p>The data file includes two small files. The first file is Behavioral data. The second file is fMRI data. </p>
Data from: Progressive parkinsonism in older adults is related to the burden of mixed-brain pathologies
Objective: To examine if indices of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology and other brain pathologies are associated with the progression of parkinsonism in older adults. Methods: We used data from decedents who had undergone annual clinical testing prior to death and structured brain autopsy. Parkinsonism was based on assessment with a modified United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and a clinical diagnosis of PD was based on medical history. We employed a series of mixed-effects models controlling for age and sex, to investigate the association of PD pathology (nigral neuronal loss and Lewy bodies) and indices of eight other brain pathologies with the progression of parkinsonism prior to death. Results: During an average of 8.5 years follow-up, more than half (771/1430, 53.9%) developed parkinsonism proximate to death. On average, parkinsonism was progressive (Estimate, 0.130, S.E., 0.005, p<0.001) in all older adults, but more rapid in adults with a clinical diagnosis of PD [N=52; 3.6%] (Estimate, 0.066 S.E., 0.021, p<0.001). Progression of parkinsonism was more rapid in adults with PD pathology (Estimate, 0.087, S.E., 0.013, p<0.001) Alzheimer's disease (AD), and several cerebrovascular pathologies were all independently associated with more rapid progression (all p-Values <0.05). The association between a higher person-specific weighted pathology score and more rapidly progressive parkinsonism did not differ between individual's with and without a clinical diagnosis of PD (Estimate 0.003, S.E., 0.047, p=0.957). Conclusion: The rate of progressive parkinsonism in older adults with and without a clinical diagnosis of PD is related to the burden of mixed-brain pathologies.
isoTWAS models for adult brain cortex (06/2023)
<p>This folder contains isoTWAS and TWAS models for adult brain cortex using data from Gandal et al 2018, <em>Science</em> and Vialle et al 2022,<em> Nature Neuroscience</em> (June 2023). The folder contains two subfolders with .RDS files for isoTWAS and TWAS models and a third subfolder that contains .RDS files for in-sample LD matrices corresponding to each model. Models were trained using R package isotwas (github.com/bhattacharya-a-bt/isotwas). <strong>Please note that updated TWAS models are available at <a href="../records/10642062">https://zenodo.org/records/10642062</a>; isoTWAS models remain equivalent across these two releases.</strong></p>
Brain Activity in Adults With ADHD During Neuropsychological Tasks
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02578342. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Compensatory Brain Activity in Older Adults.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06235840. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Acute Effect of a Walnut Intervention on Cognitive Performance, Brain Activation, and Serum Markers of Inflammation in Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04075448. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 17.
Evaluation of Brain Neurotransmitter Levels in Adults With ADHD, Before and After Stimulant Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04823364. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
tDCS Effects on GABA Concentration and Brain Functional Connectivity in Older Adults of Retirement Age
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02794259. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Digitally Supported Lifestyle Programme to Promote Brain Health Among Older Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05565170. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 4. Publications: 1.
The Effect of Near-infrared Light Therapy on Brain Function and Cognition in Young and Older Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07209683. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Brain Health Program for Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05934136. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Combination Chemotherapy Plus Radiation Therapy in Treating Adult Patients With Brain Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00003309. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Effectiveness of Atomoxetine on Brain Imaging, Neuropsychological, and Social Functions in Adults ADHD
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00917371. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Participation and Executive Functions in Adults Following Traumatic Brain Injury In Sub-Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04292925. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effects of Brain Stimulation on Speech Fluency in Adults Who Stutter
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05472181. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Therapy for Reading Problems in Adults After Brain Injury
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00064805. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Cerebellar Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders in Cerebral Palsy in Children and Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06122675. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
The Impact of 6-months of Resistance Training on Brain and Muscle Health in Older Adults With MCI
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06252844. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 18.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.