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122 results for “Annual fish”
Fig. 1 in Cynolebias ibicuiensis, a new annual fish from the rio Ibicui basin, southern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Fig. 1. Cynolebias ibicuiensis, holotype, male, 32.8 mm SL, MCP 10201.
Data from: Strong population genetic structuring in an annual fish, Nothobranchius furzeri, suggests multiple savannah refugia in southern Mozambique
Background: Intraspecific genetic variation of African fauna has been signific antly affected by pronounced climatic fluctuations in Plio-Pleistocene, but, with the exception of large mammals, very limited empirical data on diversity of natural populations are available for savanna-dwelling animals. Nothobranchius furzeri is an annual fish from south-eastern Africa, inhabiting discrete temporary savannah pools outside main river alluvia. Their dispersal is limited and population processes affecting its genetic structure are likely a combination of those affecting terrestrial and aquatic taxa. N. furzeri is a model taxon in ageing research and several populations of known geographical origin are used in laboratory studies. Here, we analysed the genetic structure, diversity, historical demography and temporal patterns of divergence in natural populations of N. furzeri across its entire distribution range. Results: Genetic structure and historical demography of N. furzeri were analysed using a combination of mitochondrial (partial cytochrome b sequences, 687 bp) and nuclear (13 microsatellites) markers in 693 fish from 36 populations. Genetic markers consistently demonstrated strong population structuring and suggested two main genetic groups associated with river basins. The split was dated to the Pliocene (>2 Mya). The northern group inhabits savannah pools across the basin of the intermittent river Chefu in south-western Mozambique and eastern Zimbabwe. The southern group (from southernmost Mozambique) is subdivided, with the River Limpopo forming a barrier (maximum divergence time 1 Mya). A strong habitat fragmentation (isolated temporary pools) is reflected in significant genetic structuring even between adjacent pools, with a major influence of genetic drift and significant isolation-by-distance. Analysis of historical demography revealed that the expansion of both groups is ongoing, supported by frequent founder effects in marginal parts of the range and evidence of secondary contact between Chefu and Limpopo populations. Conclusions: We demonstrated: (1) ancient (pre-Pleistocene) divergence between the two main N. furzeri lineages, their recent secondary contact and lack of reproductive isolation; (2) important genetic structuring attributed to the fragmented nature of their environment and isolation-by-distance, suggesting that dispersal is limited, occurs over short distances and is not directly associated with river routes; (3) an apparent role of the River Limpopo as a barrier to dispersal and gene flow.
Data from: Bioenergetics modeling of the annual consumption of zooplankton by pelagic fish feeding in the Northeast Atlantic
The present study uses bioenergetics modeling to estimate the annual consumption of the main zooplankton groups by some of the most commercially important planktivorous fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, namely Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring (Clupea harengus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and NEA mackerel (Scomber scombrus). The data was obtained from scientific surveys in the main feeding area (Norwegian Sea) in the period 2005-2010. By incorporating novel information about ambient temperature, seasonal growth and changes in the diet from stomach content analyses, annual consumption of the different zooplankton groups by pelagic fish is estimated. The present study estimates higher consumption estimates than previous studies for the three species and suggests that fish might have a greater impact on the zooplankton community as foragers. This way, NEA mackerel, showing the highest daily consumption rates, and NSS herring, annually consume around 10 times their total biomass, whereas blue whiting consume about 6 times their biomass in zooplankton. The three species were estimated to consume an average of 135 million (M) tonnes of zooplankton each year, consisting of 53-85 M tonnes of copepods, 20-32 M tonnes of krill, 8-42 M tonnes of appendicularians and 0.2-1.2 M tonnes of fish, depending on the year. For NSS herring and NEA mackerel the main prey groups are calanoids and appendicularians, showing a peak in consumption during June and June-July, respectively, and suggesting high potential for inter-specific feeding competition between these species. In contrast, blue whiting maintain a low consumption rate from April to September, consuming mainly larger euphausiids. Our results suggest that the three species can coexist regardless of their high abundance, zooplankton consumption rates and overlapping diet. Accordingly, the species might have niche segregation, as they are species specific, showing annual and inter-annual variability in total consumption of the different prey species. These estimates and their inter-annual and inter-specific variation are fundamental for understanding fundamental pelagic predator-prey interactions as well as to inform advanced multispecies ecosystem models.
Data from: Repeated intraspecific divergence in life span and aging of African annual fishes along an aridity gradient
Life span and aging are substantially modified by natural selection. Across species, higher extrinsic (environmentally related) mortality (and hence shorter life expectancy) selects for the evolution of more rapid aging. However, among populations within species, high extrinsic mortality can lead to extended life span and slower aging as a consequence of condition-dependent survival. Using within-species contrasts of eight natural populations of Nothobranchius fishes in common garden experiments, we demonstrate that populations originating from dry regions (with short life expectancy) had shorter intrinsic life spans and a greater increase in mortality with age, more pronounced cellular and physiological deterioration (oxidative damage, tumor load), and a faster decline in fertility than populations from wetter regions. This parallel intraspecific divergence in life span and aging was not associated with divergence in early life history (rapid growth, maturation) or pace-of-life syndrome (high metabolic rates, active behavior). Variability across four study species suggests that a combination of different aging and life-history traits conformed with or contradicted the predictions for each species. These findings demonstrate that variation in life span and functional decline among natural populations are linked, genetically underpinned, and can evolve relatively rapidly.
FIGURE 2. Simpsonichthys suzarti, UFRJ 5810 in Simpsonichthys suzarti sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new annual fish from the Rio Pardo floodplains, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 2. Simpsonichthys suzarti, UFRJ 5810, female, paratype, 28.3 mm SL (about one month after collection); Brazil: Bahia: Canavieiras.
FIGURE 1. Simpsonichthys suzarti, MCP 34088 in Simpsonichthys suzarti sp. n. (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): a new annual fish from the Rio Pardo floodplains, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Simpsonichthys suzarti, MCP 34088, male, holotype, 28.6 mm SL (about one month after collection); Brazil: Bahia: Canavieiras.
FIGURE 3 in Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 3. Type locality of Hypsolebias faouri, Brazil, Bahia, Prazeres, Rio Preto, São Francisco basin. Photo by Amer Faour.
FIGURE 7 in Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree based on mitochondrial sequences Cytochrome b and Cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1. Numbers on nodes are bootstrap values obtained in 1,000 pseudoreplicates using the methods of maximum likelihood/ maximum parsimony/Bayesian tree inference. Values below 50% are represented by dashes (-). Numbers in red on branches are morphological character states as listed in Appendix 1.
FIGURE 6 in Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 6. Neighbor-joining tree of Cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 showing the two new species of Hypsolebias. Numbers next the nodes are bootstrap values for 1,000 pseudoreplicates. Values below 50% are not show.
FIGURE 2. Hypsolebias faouri, ZUEC 10797 in Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 2. Hypsolebias faouri, ZUEC 10797, female, paratype, 37.5mm SL: Brazil, Bahia, Prazeres, Rio Preto, São Francisco basin. Photo by Dalton Nielsen.
FIGURE 1. Hypsolebias faouri, ZUEC 10796 in Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 1. Hypsolebias faouri, ZUEC 10796, male, holotype, 43.6 mm SL: Brazil, Bahia, Prazeres, Rio Preto, São Francisco basin. Photo by Dalton Nielsen.
FIGURE 4. Hypsolebias martinsi, ZUEC 10791 in Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 4. Hypsolebias martinsi, ZUEC 10791, male, holotype, 27.5 mm SL: Brazil, Ceará, Amontada, temporary pool near Rio Icaraizinho. Photo by Guillaume Dethu.
FIGURE 5 in Description of two new species of annual fishes of the Hypsolebias antenori species group (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), from Northeast Brazil
FIGURE 5. Map of northeastern Brazil showing known localities for species of the Hypsolebias antenori species group.
FIGURE 3 in A new annual fish of the genus Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) from the upper Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Map of eastern portion of South America, showing the distribution of Simpsonichthys espinhacensis (black star). The symbol represent more than one locality.
FIGURE 2 in A new annual fish of the genus Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) from the upper Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Lateral view of Simpsonichthys espinhacensis, paratype, MPEG 34050, female, 26.0 mm SL; Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Vereda Volta da Capoeira, Rio Jequitinhonha basin. A) Live specimen photographed in aquarium; B) Same specimen after preservation.
FIGURE 4 in A new annual fish of the genus Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) from the upper Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Sites of occurrence of Simpsonichthys espinhacensis at Serra do Espinhaço, Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A–C) Vereda Volta da Capoeira; D) Ribeirão da Areia; E–F) Anthropogenic impacts recorded in the Vereda Volta da Capoeira.
FIGURE 1 in A new annual fish of the genus Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) from the upper Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Lateral view of Simpsonichthys espinhacensis, holotype, MCNIP 1792, male, 45.7 mm SL; Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Vereda Volta da Capoeira, Rio Jequitinhonha basin. A) Live specimen photographed in aquarium; B) same specimen after preservation.
Fig. 2. Austrolebias jaegari, UFRJ 5429 in Austrolebias jaegari (Cyprinodontiformes : Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) : a new annual fish from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil , with a redescription of A . gymnoventris (Amato)
Fig. 2. Austrolebias jaegari, UFRJ 5429, female, paratype, 21. 1 mm SL; Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: Pelotas. Photo by N. Jaegar.
Fig. 1. Austrolebias jaegari, UFRJ 5430 in Austrolebias jaegari (Cyprinodontiformes : Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) : a new annual fish from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil , with a redescription of A . gymnoventris (Amato)
Fig. 1. Austrolebias jaegari, UFRJ 5430, male, paratype 28.4 mm SL; Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul: Pelotas: Photo by N. Jaegar.
Fig. 4. Austrolebias gymnoventris, MUCP 2502 in Austrolebias jaegari (Cyprinodontiformes : Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae) : a new annual fish from the Laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil , with a redescription of A . gymnoventris (Amato)
Fig. 4. Austrolebias gymnoventris, MUCP 2502, male, topotype, 30.3 mm SL: Uruguay: Rocha: Velazquez. Photo by N. Jaegar.
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