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1,066 results for “Antagonistic”
Interactions between protea plants and their animal mutualists and antagonists are structured more by energetic than morphological trait matching
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Traits mediate mutualistic and antagonistic interactions between plants and animals, and should thus be useful for predicting trophic species interactions. Studies to date have examined the importance of morphological trait matching for plant-animal interactions, but have rarely explored the extent to which these interactions are shaped by matching between energetic provisions of plants and energetic demands of animals.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We tested whether energetic and/or morphological trait matching shapes interactions between <em>Protea</em> plant species and their interacting animal mutualists and antagonists in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We recorded interactions between 22 <em>Protea</em> species, pollinating insects, and vertebrates as well as seed predators (endophagous insect larvae in protea cones) at 21 study sites. To relate species interactions to matching trait pairs, we measured key morphological traits (shape and size of flower heads and seed cones, and mouth part length as well as body length) and quantified the animals' energetic demands (metabolic rate) together with the plants' energetic provisions (nectar sugar amount, seed-to-cone mass ratio). We calculated log ratios of both energetic and morphological traits between animals and plants as predictor variables for the number of observed interactions between <em>Protea</em> species and their animal interaction partners.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>For both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions, we found significant effects of morphological and energetic trait ratios on the interactions between plants and animals. Trait ratios accounted for 11% to 22% of the variation in species interactions. Consistent with energetic trait matching, we found a hump-shaped relationship between interaction frequency and log ratios of energetic traits of animals and plants, indicating that interactions were most frequent at intermediate log ratios between energetic demand and provision. Effects of morphological trait ratios on interactions were statistically supported in most cases but were variable in the magnitude and shape of the predicted relationships. </span></p> <p><span>Across animal taxa and interaction types, energetic traits had more consistent effects on interactions between plants and animals than morphological traits. This suggests that energy can function as an important interaction currency and facilitate the understanding and prediction of trophic species interactions.</span></p>
Circadian rhythm entrainment of the jewel wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, by antagonistic interactions of multiple spectral inputs
<p>Circadian light entrainment in some insects is regulated by blue-light sensitive cryptochrome (CRY) protein that is expressed in the clock neurons, but this is not the case in hymenopterans. The hymenopteran clock does contain CRY, but it appears to be light-insensitive. Therefore, we investigated the role of retinal photoreceptors in the photic entrainment of the jewel wasp <em>Nasonia</em> <em>vitripennis</em>. Application of monochromatic light stimuli at different light intensities caused phase shifts in the wasp's circadian activity from which an action spectrum with three distinct peaks was derived. Electrophysiological recordings from the compound eyes and ocelli revealed the presence of three photoreceptor classes, with peak sensitivities at 340 nm (ultraviolet), 450 nm (blue), and 530 nm (green). An additional photoreceptor class in the ocelli with sensitivity maximum at 560–580 nm (red) was found. Whereas a simple sum of photoreceptor spectral sensitivities could not explain the action spectrum of the circadian phase shifts, modelling of the action spectrum indicates antagonistic interactions between pairs of spectral photoreceptors, residing in the compound eyes and the ocelli. Our findings imply that the photic entrainment mechanism in <em>N</em>. <em>vitripennis</em> encompasses the neural pathways for measuring the absolute luminance as well as the circuits mediating colour opponency. </p>
Simulations on environmental fluctuations and the maintenance of sexually antagonistic alleles
<p>In this project, we investigate how environmental fluctuations impact the maintenance of sexually antagonistic alleles using the modelling framework of ecological coexistence theory.</p> <p>The simulations uploaded here can be used to reproduce the figures in the paper associated with this dataset. </p> <p> </p> <p>Please direct any queries about the project to <a href="https://github.com/stoufferlab/coexistence_alleles/blob/master/spflanagan.phd@gmail.com">spflanagan.phd@gmail.com</a>.</p>
Fig. 11 in A new species of Xenomyia Malloch, 1921 (Diptera: Muscidae) from South Africa, a probable natural antagonist of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Fig. 11. Xenomyia osculata sp. n. ♀ (paratype). Ovipositor, dorsal view. t - tergite; c -cercus.
A sexually-selected male weapon characterised by strong additive genetic variance and no evidence for sexually antagonistic polyphenic maintenance
<p><span>Sexual selection and sexual antagonism are important drivers of eco-evolutionary processes. The evolution of traits shaped by these processes depends on their genetic architecture, which remains poorly studied. Here, implementing a quantitative genetics approach using diallel crosses of the bulb mite, <em>Rhizoglyphus</em> <em>robini</em>, we investigated the genetic variance that underlies a sexually-selected weapon that is dimorphic among males and female fecundity. Previous studies indicated that a negative genetic correlation between these two traits likely exists. We found male morph showed considerable additive genetic variance, which is unlikely to be explained solely by mutation-selection balance, indicating the likely presence of large-effect loci. However, a significant magnitude of inbreeding depression also indicates that morph expression is likely to be condition-dependent to some degree and that deleterious recessives can simultaneously contribute to morph expression. Female fecundity also showed a high degree of inbreeding depression, but variance in female fecundity was mostly explained by epistatic effects, with very little contribution from additive effects. We found no significant genetic correlation, nor any evidence for dominance reversal, between male morph and female fecundity. The complex genetic architecture underlying male morph and female fecundity in this system has important implications for our understanding of the evolutionary interplay between purifying selection and sexually antagonistic selection.</span></p>
Sexually antagonistic selection maintains genetic variance when sexual dimorphism evolves
<p>Breeding design data for body size in seed beetles (a sexually antagonistic trait) after 10 generations under different artificial selection conditions to test the effects of selection on the genetic variance of body size. The breeding design and sample size of the study allow us to partition genetic variances into additive autosomal, additive sex-linked, autosomal dominance and X-linked dominance variance.<br><br>See related dataset for body size data of the ancestral population before selection.</p>
Data for: Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands
<p>Collaborative brood care by workers is essential for the functionality of eusocial honey bee, <em>Apis</em> <em>mellifera</em>, colonies. The hypopharyngeal food glands of workers play a crucial role in this context. Even though there is consensus that ubiquitous ectoparasitic mites <em>Varroa</em> <em>destructor</em> and widespread insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are major stressors for honey bee health, their impact alone and in combination on the feeding glands of workers is poorly understood. Here, we show that both <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids reduce hypopharyngeal gland size, thereby potentially compromising collaborative brood care in colonies. In a fully-crossed laboratory experiment, the impact of mites and the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam and clothianidin alone and in combination on workers were evaluated. While the neonicotinoids did not impact survival and emergence body mass, the data confirm that <em>V. destructor</em> reduces both. Even though the interactions between both stressors were antagonistic and neutral, the clear detrimental effects of both stressors alone and in combination on worker longevity and food glands are remarkable. Besides reduced worker longevity, impaired brood care provided by workers exposed to <em>V. destructor</em> and neonicotinoids could be detrimental for honey bee colony functionality. Our findings highlight a mechanism to explain honey bee colonies losses globally.</p>
MONOTERPENOID ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR ALLOSTERIC ANTAGONISTS PROTECT AGAINST ULTRAVIOLET SKIN DAMAGE IN FEMALE MICE
<p>Source data for publication of paper in Nature Communication. Current phase - final revision - mandatory deposition of the data</p>
Substance P Antagonist in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00383786. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Heart Failure in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02547766. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Safety and Efficacy of a Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor Antagonist in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01766817. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 6. Publications: 2.
A Phase I/II Trial for Intravitreous Treatment of Severe Ocular Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Using a Combination of the PDGF Antagonist E10030 and the VEGF Antagonist Ranibizumab
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02859441. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Phase 1/2A Study of TRC253, an Androgen Receptor Antagonist, in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02987829. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
CRF1 Antagonist GSK561679 in Alcoholism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01187511. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Anakinra (Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist) in Heart Failure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01300650. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Rilonacept for Deficiency of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (DIRA)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01801449. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Itch in EB Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02654483. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Pruritus in Patients With Epidermolysis Bullosa
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03836001. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Study of Octaplex, a Four-factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (4F-PCC) and Beriplex® P/N (Kcentra) for the Reversal of Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA) Induced Anticoagulation in Patients Needing Urgent
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02740335. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 11. Publications: 13.
Antidepressant Effects of the Glycine Receptor Antagonist AV-101 (4-chlorokynurenine) in Major Depressive Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02484456. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.