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FIGURE 12 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 12. Mouth part of a Astylosternus laticephalus sp. nov. tadpole from Afao Hills, Ghana (ZMB 75460; Gosner stage 39; SVL: 23.8 mm).

FIGURE 11 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 11. Life colouration of female and juvenile (c) Astylosternus laticephalus sp. nov. from Ghana, Ankasa Conservation Area (a, b, d, e, f, g) and Afao Hills Forest Reserve (c); b, d, f: MVZ 244910; c: ZMB 75459.

FIGURE 10 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 10. Left thumb in dorsal view with nuptial pad (a), left hand in ventral view (b) and throat (c) of adult male Astylosternus laticephalus sp. nov. (paratype, MNHN 1999.7334, 48.7 mm) from Banco National Park, Ivory Coast.

FIGURE 13 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 13. Rainforest habitats of Astylosternus laticephalus sp. nov.; streams in Ankasa Conservation Area (a, b), and forest in Atewa Forest Reserve (c) and Ankasa Conservation Area (d), Ghana.

FIGURE 8 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 8. Known records of West African Astylosternus taxa; circles: Astylosternus occidentalis, black circle: "type locality" (compare text); triangles: A. laticephalus sp. nov., black triangle: type locality; black square: Mont Péko, locality of A. sp. (for exact localities see Appendix 1); country boundaries, topography and three major rivers (Sassandra, Bandama, Volta) are indicated; map based on the ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model: www.ersdac.or.jp.

FIGURE 9 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 9. Astylosternus laticephalus sp. nov. female (holotype, ZMB 75449, 58.6 mm) from Atewa Forest Reserve, Ghana; dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view, portrait (c); ventral views of right hand (d) and right foot (e).

FIGURE 7 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 7. Lateral and dorsal view and mouth part of typical Astylosternus occidentalis from Mount Nimba (a; Gosner stage 34) and Astylosternus tadpoles from Mont Péko (b, c; Gosner stage 25) tadpoles (scale bars in a & b: 1 cm; c: 1 mm).

FIGURE 5 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 5. Ventral view of two adult Astylosternus occidentalis males in breeding condition, please notice spines on lower mandible, ventral parts of thighs, breast and belly, black skin layer on breast and nuptial pads on thumb, as well as whitish / greyish vocal sac skin; a) ZMB 75491, Boffa region, western Guinea; b) ZMB 75465, Ziama forest, south-eastern Guinea.

FIGURE 4 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 4. Dorsolateral view (a, b), throat (c, d), left hand (e–g) and right foot (h) of adult male Astylosternus from the western part of the Upper Guinea forests: Astylosternus from Mont Péko (SMNS 9615: a, c, e, h; 66 mm SVL, the largest West African Astylosternus male so far known; SMNS 9616: f) and A. occidentalis from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (b, d, g; scale bars = 1 cm.

FIGURE 6 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 6. Variation of life coloration in Astylosternus occidentalis, note differing back pattern and skin structure, as well as uniform grey coloured irises; a) female, Mount Nimba, south-eastern Guinea; b) ZMB 75475, female, Putu Range, eastern Liberia; c) and d) males, Boffa region, western Guinea; e) ZMB 75479, female, Putu Range; f) male, south-western Guinea; g) female, Mount Nimba; h) male, Simandou Range, south-eastern Guinea; i) ZMB 75361, female, 57.9 mm, Western Area Peninsula Forest Reserve, Sierra Leone; j) female, Fouta Djalon, Guinea; k) female, Mount Nimba; l) juvenile, Simandou Range; m) female, Fouta Djalon; n) ZMB 75475, male, Seliti, Sierra Leone; o) ZMB 75464, female, Ziama forest, south-eastern Guinea; p) female, Gola forest, western Liberia.

FIGURE 3 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 3. Dorsolateral, dorsal and ventral view of Astylosternus occidentalis holotype (BMNH 1947.2.5.48), an adult male from Sanduru, Sierra Leone. The inlet pictures illustrate nuptial pads on left thumb and row of spines along lower mandible; spines on belly are visible on ventral view picture.

FIGURE 1 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 1. Box plots of snout-vent length (A) and snout-vent length / head width (B) in adult West African Astylosternus taxa. Given are median and 25 and 75% quartiles. Astylosternus laticephalus sp. nov. females have broader heads than A. occidentalis. Sample sizes: A. occidentalis: females: 45, males: 34; A. laticephalus sp. nov. females: 9, males: 2; A. sp. Mont Péko males: 2 (compare text).

FIGURE 2 in The genus Astylosternus in the Upper Guinea rainforests, West Africa, with the description of a new species (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 2. Neighbour-joining consensus of the two West African Astylosternus, three Central African Astylosternus species, Trichobatrachus, Scotobleps and the type genus (Arthroleptis) of the family Arthroleptidae; based on a 536 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene. Included are single haplotypes per locality (numbers in brackets: specimens with respective haplotype). Given are bootstrap values (NJ, ML) and Bayesian posterior probability values (PP), sites and country (compare Fig. 8, the type series, Table 3, and Appendix 1 for exact localities and GenBank accession numbers); CI= Ivory Coast; CM= Cameroon; GH= Ghana; GN= Guinea, LR= Liberia, SL= Sierra Leone.

FIGURE 15 in The tadpoles of nine Cameroonian Leptodactylodon species (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 15. Two Leptodactyodon ventrimarmoratus tadpoles (ZMB 78554, Mt. Kala) with unfolded funnel mouths, swimming vertically below the water surface (compare text), note fading of color pattern towards tail tip.

FIGURE 11 in The tadpoles of nine Cameroonian Leptodactylodon species (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 11. Mouthpart (a) and jaw sheaths (b) of Leptodactylodon perreti, lacking caniniform projections.

FIGURE 12 in The tadpoles of nine Cameroonian Leptodactylodon species (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 12. Dorsal (a) and lateral view (b) of Leptodactylodon cf. polyacanthus punctiventris with sketches of mouthpart in frontal view (c) and jaw sheaths with caniniform projections (d); scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 10 in The tadpoles of nine Cameroonian Leptodactylodon species (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 10. Dorsal (a) and lateral view (b) of Leptodactylodon ovatus orientalis, fin tips added from morphologically corresponding individuals, with sketches of mouthpart (c; funnel mouth folded) in frontal view and jaw sheaths with caniniform projections in upper and lower jaw (d); scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 9 in The tadpoles of nine Cameroonian Leptodactylodon species (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 9. Dorsal (a) and lateral view (b) of Leptodactylodon ornatus ornatus with sketches of mouthpart in frontal view (c) and jaw sheaths with caniniform projections (d); scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in The tadpoles of nine Cameroonian Leptodactylodon species (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 6. Life coloration of Leptodactylodon tadpoles, from top to bottom: L. cf. polyacanthus punctiventris (ZMB 78551, Fotabong), L. boulengeri (ZMB 78471, Fotabong), L. ventrimarmoratus (ZMB 78554, Mt. Kala); pictures not to scale.

FIGURE 7 in The tadpoles of nine Cameroonian Leptodactylodon species (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)

FIGURE 7. Dorsal (a) and lateral view (b) of Leptodactylodon erythrogaster with sketches of the mouthpart in frontal view (c) and jaw sheaths with caniniform projections (d); scale bars: 1 mm.