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Fig. 4 in Description of three new species of the genus Odontesthes from the rio Tramandaí drainage, Brazil (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)

Fig. 4. Odontesthes ledae, holotype, MCP 26151, 136.6 mm SL; Brazil, lagoa Fortaleza, a, left view; b, head, left view, c, head, dorsal view

Fig. 6 in Description of three new species of the genus Odontesthes from the rio Tramandaí drainage, Brazil (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)

Fig. 6. Graphs comparing Odontesthes ledae (black symbols) and Odontesthes bicudo (empty symbols), in specimens larger than 300 mm SL. a, snout length as a function of standard length; b, eye diameter, c, interorbital width, and d, head depth at anterior margin of eyes as a function of snout length. Note that 95 % confidence intervals in lengths do not overlap with means of compared species indicating a statistically significant difference in these size ranges.

Fig. 1 in Description of three new species of the genus Odontesthes from the rio Tramandaí drainage, Brazil (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)

Fig. 1. Map of the rio Tramandaf drainage, northern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, with the known distribution of Odontesthes ledae (lagoons 1 - 8), O. bicudo (11, 13, 17, 19), and O. piquava (20-25, 28, 30). There are no collections available in lagoons 9, 10, 12,14- 16, 18, 26, 27, 29. Odontesthes ledae is further known from two isolated lagoons, namely lagoa da Solidão and lagoa do Cipó, not in the map. Lagoons: 1, Cerquinha; 2, Rondinha; 3, Cidreira; 4, Fortaleza; 5, Manuel Nunes; 6, Gentil; 7, Custódias; 8, Armazem, 9, Tramandaí; 10, Emboabinha; 11, Emboaba; 12, Bigua; 13, Horacio; 14, Inacio; 15, Rincao; 16, Veados; 17, Caconde; 18, Traíras; 19, Lessa; 20, Caieira; 21, Peixoto; 22, Pinguela; 23, Palmital; 24, Malvas; 25, Passo; 26, Negra; 27, Ramalhete; 28, Quadras; 29, Boa Vista; 30, Itapeva.

Fig. 5 in Description of three new species of the genus Odontesthes from the rio Tramandaí drainage, Brazil (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)

Fig. 5- Box plot graphs comparing lower gill raker arid total gill raker counts in all species of O. perugiae species-group

Fig. 2 in Description of three new species of the genus Odontesthes from the rio Tramandaí drainage, Brazil (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)

Fig. 2. Odontesthes piquava, holotype, MCP 26153,158 mm SL; Brazil, lagoa da Pinguela. a, left view; b, head, left view, c, head, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species

FIGURE 2. Ordination analyses for Cairnsichthys individuals in the first two dimensions showing northern (diamonds) and southern (circles) populations for (A) PCoA of nuclear genetic markers based on 29 fish and 52 allozyme loci; envelopes show different populations and site codes match Table 1 (75% and 10% of multivariate variation on dimensions 1 and 2 respectively), (B) PCA of meristic data based on 55 fish and 10 variable characters; correlations between data and character variables shown with eigenvectors, codes match Table 2 (31% and 14% variation), and (C) PCA of morphometric data based on 50 fish and 21 characters; eigenvector codes match Table 2 (25% and 16% variation).

FIGURE 5 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species

FIGURE 5. Large adult pair of Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov. from Little Cooper Creek, photographed in an aquarium (ca. 50–60 mm SL); the upper fish is the male (MH).

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species

FIGURE 1. Location map in the wet Tropics bioregion of northeastern Australia showing Cairnsichthys study collection sites (see Table 1), including locations of other museum material examined, larger cities/towns and major rivers.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species

FIGURE 4. Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov. freshly prepared holotype (QM I.39335), 65.6 mm SL male, Little Cooper Creek (MH).

FIGURE 8 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species

FIGURE 8. Typical rainforest fast flowing stream habitat and type locality of Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov., Little Cooper Creek, wet Tropics bioregion, northern Australia, including adult fish (lower centre of underwater image) positioned in area of high velocity (MH).

FIGURE 7 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species

FIGURE 7. Comparative specimen images of sister rainbowfish species: (left) Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov. (A) freshly prepared holotype (QM I.39335), 65.6 mm SL male, Little Cooper Creek, (B) preserved holotype, (C) freshly prepared specimen (NTM S.17778-001), 44.4 mm SL male, Little Cooper Creek, (D) radiograph of holotype with arrow highlighting the close arrangement of the first two anal fin rays compared to the following rays, and (right) C. rhombosomoides (E) freshly prepared specimen (NTM S.17700-001), 52.4 mm SL male, Smoko Creek, (F) preserved specimen, Smoko Creek (NTM S.17700-001), (G) preserved paratype (AMS IA.4774) 37.5 mm SL, Babinda Creek, (H) radiograph of representative specimen with arrow highlighting different spacing of anal fin rays (NTM S.17930-001), 50.0 mm SL male, Nyleta Creek.

FIGURE 6 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species

FIGURE 6. Comparative life images of sister rainbowfish species, aquarium images unless otherwise stated: (left) Cairnsichthys bitaeniatus sp. nov. (A) adult male from Hutchinson Creek, image reversed (KM), (B) adult female from Little Cooper Creek yawning (KM), (C) group of smaller adults from Little Cooper Creek showing narrow body and double stripes (KM), (D) in situ photograph of adult, Little Cooper Creek (GA), and (right) C. rhombosomoides from Harvey Creek (E) adult male (KM) (F), sparing large adult males, image reversed (Gunther Schmida), (G) group of smaller adults showing deep body and single stripe (KM), (H) in situ photograph of adult (Nathan Litjens).

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the Australian Wet Tropics endemic rainbowfish genus Cairnsichthys (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), with description of a new species

FIGURE 3. Congruence for nuclear and mitochondrial genetic data for seven sites across the range of Cairnsichthys: (A) midpoint rooted neighbour-joining based on pairwise fixed differences at 52 allozyme loci, and (B) ML tree for 1141bp of cytochrome b. Population codes match Figure 1 and Table 1. (*) Geographically proximate reference sample, Behana Creek, from Unmack et al. (2013) used to represent this geographic group.

FIGURE 8 in Two new species of dwarf rainbowfishes (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) from northern Australia and southern New Guinea

FIGURE 8. Aquarium and specimen images of Melanotaenia wilsoni sp. nov. below Tabletop Range Northern Territory (A) male displaying to female, Burton Creek, Finniss River system (captive bred), (B) male courting female showing white body sheen, Burton Creek (captive bred), (C) wild fish in a field tank, Burton Creek, (D) 24.7 mm SL male, Burton Creek (QM I.40977), (E) 33.3 mm SL male, Burton Creek, wild fish reared in captivity (NTM S.12595-001), and (F) 26.1 mm SL male holotype, Sandy Creek, Reynolds River system, Litchfield National Park (NTM S.17402-007). Aquarium photos G. Schmida, other photos MPH.

FIGURE 6 in Two new species of dwarf rainbowfishes (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) from northern Australia and southern New Guinea

FIGURE 6. Aquarium and specimen images of Melanotaenia maccullochi s.s. northeast Queensland (A) sparring males, Harvey Creek (wild caught), (B) male courting female, Etty Bay (wild caught), (C) 'yawning' male Cape Flattery (wild caught), (D) 42.7 mm SL male, Ninds Creek east, trib. Johnstone River, Etty Bay (QM I.32971), (E) 33.9 mm SL male, Cape Flattery (QM I.27221), and (F) 40.6 mm SL male holotype, Barron River, Cairns (QM I.731). Aquarium photos G. Schmida, specimen photos MPH.

FIGURE 7 in Two new species of dwarf rainbowfishes (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) from northern Australia and southern New Guinea

FIGURE 7. Aquarium and specimen images of Melanotaenia sahulensis sp. nov. Queensland and New Guinea (A) displaying males, Skull Creek, Cape York (captive bred), (B) male courting female, Moa Island, Torres Strait (captive bred), (C) sparring males, red fin-edge colour form, Papua New Guinea aquarium stock in Australia early 1990s—sourced from Bensbach or Morehead, (D) 29.9 mm SL male, Scrubby Creek, Silver Plains, southern Cape York (QM I.39247), (E) 27.2 mm male, Bensbach River, Papua New Guinea (WAM P.31342-008), and (F) 45.0 mm SL male holotype, Pahoturi River, Sigabadu, Papua New Guinea (WAM P.26757-001). Aquarium photos G. Schmida, specimen photos MPH.

FIGURE 2. Ordination analyses for Melanotaenia maccullochi s.l in Two new species of dwarf rainbowfishes (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) from northern Australia and southern New Guinea

FIGURE 2. Ordination analyses for Melanotaenia maccullochi s.l. individuals in the first two dimensions by genotype showing northeast Queensland (red circles), Sahul Shelf drainages (green squares) and Northern Territory (yellow triangles) for (A) PCoA of nuclear genetic markers based on 68 ingroup fish and 55 allozyme loci, including the number of pairwise fixed differences (FD) among taxa (35% and 23% of multivariate variation on dimensions 1 and 2 respectively), (B) PCA of meristic data based on 115 fish and 15 variable characters; group centroids shown by small black circles; correlations between data and character variables shown with eigenvectors, codes match Table 4 (25% and 13% variation), and (C) PCA of morphometric data based on 114 fish and 21 characters; centroids small black circles; eigenvector codes match Table 5 (19% and 16% variation).

FIGURE 10 in Two new species of dwarf rainbowfishes (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) from northern Australia and southern New Guinea

FIGURE 10. Typical small stream and swamp habitat of Melanotaenia wilsoni sp. nov. below the Tabletop Range of the Northern Territory: (top) D. Wilson sampling fishes in shallow inundated grasses/swamp habitat laterally connected to Burton Creek in the early dry season, (middle) Burton Creek main stream, shallow sandy perennial flowing habitat, and (lower) type locality, disconnected shallow side-channel pool of Sandy Creek in the late dry season. Photos MPH.

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FIG. 5 in The Walker Scale: Details of a Method for Assessing Beach-Spawning Runs of California Grunion Leuresthes tenuis (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)

FIG. 5. Clutch densities measured following spawning runs at several southern California beaches show a high positive correlation with Walker Scale reports, r ¼ 0.71, df ¼ 33, P, 0.0001 by Spearman Rank correlation.