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Fig. 1 in Changes in midgut gene expression following Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) infection in Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Fig. 1. Comparison of the gene expression levels between the control (CK) and Bt-exposed Monochamus alternatus. To compare the gene expression levels between the 2 libraries, each library was normalized to 1 million tags. The x-axis represents log10 of the reads per kb per million reads (RPKM) of the control sample, and the y-axis indicates log10 of the RPKM of the treated sample. The expression level of each gene is included in the volcano plot. The red dots represent transcripts that are more prevalent in the Bt-treated library, the green dots show those present at a lower frequency in the Bt-treated library, and the blue dots indicate transcripts that did not change significantly. The parameters "FDR <0.001" and "absolute value of log2(Treated/Control) ≥ 1" were used as the thresholds to judge the significance of the gene expression difference.

Fig. 1 in Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki reduces competition by Parapoynx diminutalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in colonies of the hydrilla biological control agent Cricotopus lebetis (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Fig. 1. Emergence of Parapoynx diminutalis adults from Bacillus thuringiensis (subspecies kurstaki; Btk) treated water containing Hydrilla verticillata. Moth emergence is shown as a proportion of initial larvae. Bars are means ± SE. Asterisks indicate significance between concentrations of Btk per 3.8 L of well water and the control using Dunnett's test.

Fig. 1 in Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillaceae) strains pathogenic to Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Fig. 1. Protein profiles of the strains virulent to Myzus persicae. Lane 1: GP640, Lane 2: GP399, Lane 3: GP238, Lane 4: GP322, Lane 5: GP139, Lane 6: GP762, Lane 7: GP339, Lane 8: GP300, Lane 9: HD1, Lane 10: GP402, Lane 11: GP382, Lane 12: GP528, Lane 13: GP782, Lane 14: GP209, Lane 15: GP777, Lane 16: GP778, Lane 17: GP60, Lane 18: GP780.

Fig. 2 in Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki reduces competition by Parapoynx diminutalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in colonies of the hydrilla biological control agent Cricotopus lebetis (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Fig. 2. Cricotopus lebetis development in Bacillus thuringiensis (subspecies kurstaki; Btk) treated water containing Hydrilla verticillata. Hydrilla tip mining midge development is recorded as the proportion of pupae and adults that suc- cessfully developed from the inoculated larvae. Bars are means ± SE. A Wil- coxon means comparison test indicated significance between the control and Btk treatments as indicated by asterisks.

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Fig. 5 in Effect of Bacillus sphaericus Neide on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated insect fauna in fish ponds in the Amazon

Fig. 5. Regression analysis of diversity and richness data compared to application of Bacillus sphaericus.

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Fig. 3 in Effect of Bacillus sphaericus Neide on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated insect fauna in fish ponds in the Amazon

Fig. 3. Abundance over time of aquatic insects and values LNMH at C3 and C4, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

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Fig. 2 in Effect of Bacillus sphaericus Neide on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated insect fauna in fish ponds in the Amazon

Fig. 2. Abundance over time of aquatic insects and values LNMH at C1 and C2, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

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Figure. The phylogenetic tree showing the relationship among Brevibacillus parabrevis strains SA2.2 and TJ2.3, Bacillus licheniformis MG4.2, and their phylogenetically closest type strains. The GenBank accession numbers of the type strains and studied strains are shown following species names. Distance matrix was calculated by Kimura's 2-parameter model. The scale bar indicates 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position. Alicyclobacillus pohliae AJ564766 served as an out-group. in Distribution of extracellular enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of 4 brackish water fish species

Figure. The phylogenetic tree showing the relationship among Brevibacillus parabrevis strains SA2.2 and TJ2.3, Bacillus licheniformis MG4.2, and their phylogenetically closest type strains. The GenBank accession numbers of the type strains and studied strains are shown following species names. Distance matrix was calculated by Kimura's 2-parameter model. The scale bar indicates 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position. Alicyclobacillus pohliae AJ564766 served as an out-group.

Figure 1 in Selection and molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains efficient against soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) and Spodoptera species

Figure 1 Comparison of growth inhibitory symptoms of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis β-exotoxins after eight days of inoculation. a: Positive control (strain HD-125); b: Negative control (water); c: Strain 773.

Figure 5 in Selection and molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains efficient against soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) and Spodoptera species

Figure 5 Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis strains against three Spodoptera species. Means followed by the same letter do not differ statistically from one another by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level.

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Fig. 3 in Does Bacillus thuringiensis have adverse effects on the host egg location by parasitoid wasps?

Fig. 3. Parasitism percentage (A) and emergence (B) (mean ± standard error) of Trichogramma pretiosum from Helicoverpa zea eggs treated with two formulated (Agree and ® Dipel) and two strains (HD1 and HD11) of Bacillus thuringiensis. Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil.

Figure 4 in Selection and molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains efficient against soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) and Spodoptera species

Figure 4 Profile of total and digested trypsin proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strains eficiente against Chrysodeixis includens. (D) Proteins digested with trypsin; MM: SeeBlue® Plus2 Pre-Stained Standard Marker (Invitrogen, USA).

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Fig. 2 in Does Bacillus thuringiensis have adverse effects on the host egg location by parasitoid wasps?

Fig. 2. Response of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) females in Y-tube olfactometer: air (control), Agree , Dipel , HD 1, or HD 11 versus clean eggs of Helicoverpa zea. Each bar represents a single replicate experiment involving liberation of 20 wasps with response (Chi-square Test, **p <0.01, see text for more explanation). Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil.

Figure 3 in Selection and molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains efficient against soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) and Spodoptera species

Figure 3 Plasmid profiles of Bacillus thuringiensis efficient strains against Chrysodeixis includens. a: DNA extraction according to Fagundes et al. (2011); b: DNA extraction using QIAGEN kit (Invitrogen, USA).MM:1 Kb DNA ladder plus (Invitrogen, USA.The red rows indicate megaplasmids.

Fig. 1 in Activity and expression of midgut proteases from Mexican and US Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) strains exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis

Fig. 1. Zymogram of midgut proteins from Trichoplusia ni with casein as substrate. (A) 6-12% Z Blue casein (substrate in gel), or (B) 4-16% Tricine gel, incubated in casein solution postelectrophoresis. Migration of molecular markers is indicated on the lef, and proposed T. ni protease numbering (P1 – P7) on right, based on migration in the gel.

Fig. 2 in Activity and expression of midgut proteases from Mexican and US Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) strains exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis

Fig. 2. Zymogram of midgut proteins from Trichoplusia ni with either 2% Xen- Tari (A) or 1% Cry1Ac-HD73 (B) as substrate. GT and G represent the GTO strain. Migration of molecular markers is indicated on the lef, and proposed T. ni protease numbering (P1 – P7) on right, based on migration in the gel.

Fig. 4 in Activity and expression of midgut proteases from Mexican and US Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) strains exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis

Fig. 4. Relative DNA detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR using the imageJ sofware, comparing the tnapn1 versus the rs5 control transcript as amplification reference. Trichoplusia ni strains NLX, GTOX and USX represent NL, US and GTO afer 5 generations being exposed to XenTari.

Fig. 3 in Activity and expression of midgut proteases from Mexican and US Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) strains exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis

Fig. 3. Detection of protease activity in midgut extracts from different Trichoplusia ni strains using class-specific substrates. (A) N-a-benzolyl-L-arginine-pNA (BApNA) for detection of trypsin-like activity; (B) N-succinyl-ala-ala-pro-phepNA (SAAPFpNA) for detection of chymotrypsin-like activity; and (C) N-succinylala-ala-pro-leu-pNA (SAAPLpNA) for detection of elastase-like activity.

Fig. 3 in Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) field populations to the Cry1F Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein

Fig. 3. Mean percentage of mortality and mean percentage of growth inhibition responses of Spodoptera frugiperda for 2012 and 2013 field-collected populations exposed to Cry1F Bacillus thuringiensis toxin.

Fig. 1 in Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) field populations to the Cry1F Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein

Fig. 1. EC50s estimated by nonlinear regression of growth inhibition fitted to a probit model and the 95% confidence intervals of Spodoptera frugiperda neonates field collected in 2012 and exposed to the Cry1F Bacillus thuringiensis toxin.