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FIGURE 10. Bairdoppilata scaura, n in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 10. Bairdoppilata scaura, n. sp., all holotype male specimen 3860M. A, dorsal region of soft body, left side, with median eye, endoskeleton of head capsule, adductor muscles, and hemipenes; B, dorsal view of both hemipenes, zygum, both furcae, and post-abdominal bristle; C–D, exterior of left hemipenis, focused higher and lower; E–F, exterior of right hemipenis, focused higher and lower; G, distal claws of antenna with aesthetasc; H, masticatory processes of maxilla, with rough texture; I, palp of maxilla; J, median eye with conical eye-cups and middle connecting body; K, spiral coil of vas deferens. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 20 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 20. Paranesidea sp. 1. A–K, female specimen 3968F; L–S, female specimen 3973F. A, RV exterior, with attached dorsal fragment of LV; B, LV exterior, dorsal margin is torn; C, LV exterior, posterior margin; D, right exterior of entire animal before dissection, filled with secondary concretions; E–H, masticatory processes and fringed claw of palp of maxilla; I, genital lobe; J, distal claws of antenna; K, right exterior, anterodorsal region of fig. D, with median eye, isthmus and antennule; L–M, RV and LV exteriors, fragmentary; N–P, genital lobes before and after dissection; Q, serrate fused claw of antenna; R, distal claws of antenna; S, RV exterior, posterior region (detail of fig. L). Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 6. Bairdoppilata scaura, n in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 6. Bairdoppilata scaura, n. sp., A–K, holotype male specimen 3860M; L, instar A–1 3959J. A, antennule with long setae; B, podomeres of antennule; C, antenna; D, distal claws of antenna; E, mandible; F, pectinate claw of mandible palp; G, teeth of mandible; H, vibratory plate of maxilla; I, first reflexed seta of maxilla, to show chisel-like termination; J, masticatory processes of maxilla; K, palp of maxilla; L, distal claws of juvenile A-1 antenna, showing anlage of accessory claw. Scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 17. A–F in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 17. A–F, Bairdoppilata sp. 3, female specimen 3923F; G–P, Bairdoppilata sp. 4, female specimen 3963F. A, right exterior of whole animal before dissection, posterior region; B, enlarged proximal barbs of seta 2 of furca; C–D, genital lobes; E, left side of posterior body with zygum, furca and genital lobes; F, dorsal view of genital lobes, zygum, furcae, and postabdominal bristle; G, distal claws of antenna; H–I, tapering proximal barbs of seta 2 of furca; J, masticatory organ; K, right exterior of whole animal, filled with secondary crystals; L, valve fragment with setae and micropapillae; M–N, left exterior of whole animal, caudal region, showing plumose setae at high and low focus; O, left genital lobe and edge-bar of zygum; P, dorsal view of hinge region of decalcified carapace with sinusoidally folded chitin ribbons. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 3 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 3. Plot of carapace length and height vs. log water depth, for 21 species of Bairdoppilata. These data include adults only, of species for which the soft parts have been described. See also Table 2.

FIGURE 8. Bairdoppilata scaura, n in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 8. Bairdoppilata scaura, n. sp., holotype male specimen 3860M. A, RV exterior; B, LV exterior; C, left exterior of whole animal before dissection, with soft body and partly detached coil of vas deferens, focused on hinge and supplemental dentition; D, LV exterior with smooth surface, MSP with adhering muscle fragments, NPC, and setae of many sizes; E–F, RV exterior, anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins with supplemental dentition; G, RV exterior, posteroventral region with vestibule, selvage, flange, RPC, simple and eyelash setae; H–I, LV and RV exteriors, anterior margins, with vestibule, selvage, flange, true and false RPC, simple and eyelash setae. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 19 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 19. Paranesidea sp. 1, female specimen 3968F. A, third thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C, first thoracic leg; D, vibratory plate of first thoracic leg; E, left side of mouth region, with forehead, upper lip, lower lip and atrium; F, genital lobe. Scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 5 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 5. Lengths of the four distal claws of the antenna, converted to percentages of carapace length, plotted for 25 illustrations of 12 nominal species of Bairdoppilata. The data include only those species for which the antenna was illustrated at a known scale and dimensions were provided for the carapace. The species are listed from left to right in decreasing order of carapace length. See Table 3 for species names and dimensions.

FIGURE 4. Carapace dimensions for 15 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 4. Carapace dimensions for 15 shallow-water species of Bairdoppilata. These data include adults only, of species for which the soft parts have been described. See also Table 2.

FIGURE 12 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 12. Bairdoppilata sp. 2, all female specimen 3969F. A, interior of LV, striate hinge; B, right exterior of whole animal before dissection; C, LV exterior with brown pigmentation; D, MSP and NPC in central region of fig. C; E, LV exterior, anterior margin; F, LV exterior, posterior margin, focused low on adhering shreds of RV hinge and setae; G, left posterior region of soft body, showing ovaries, zygum, genital lobes and furcae; H–I, genital lobe, after and before dissection; J, masticatory organ; K, right exterior of whole animal, to show plumose setae in posterior caudal region; L, right exterior, anterodorsal region of fig. B, showing food ball, median eye and accessory dentition. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 2. Carapace dimensions for the species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea described here. The assemblages of B. scaura, B. sp. 2 and B. sp. 3 each include two late instars as well as adults; the others include only adult specimens. See also Table 1.

FIGURE 1. Maps for localities sampled. A in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 1. Maps for localities sampled. A, Bathymetry of French Frigate Shoals; numerals indicate stations collected (see Appendix I). B, Map of O'ahu Island, to show location of Kane'ohe Bay. C, Map of Kane'ohe Bay; numerals indicate stations collected (see Appendix I). D, French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu are part of the Hawaii-Midway island-seamount chain, which trends west-northwest across 2,500 kilometers of the North Pacific Ocean.

FIGURE 14 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 14. Bairdoppilata sp. 3, female specimen 3923F. A, first thoracic leg, some setae of vibratory plate are obscured; B, fringed claw of mandible palp; C, basal podomere (I) of second thoracic leg, left side; E, basal podomeres (I, II) of third thoracic leg, right side; E, terminal podomeres (II–V) of third thoracic leg; F, reflexed setae of maxilla; G, vibratory plate of maxilla; H, terminal podomeres (IV–VI) of antenna; I, distal claws of antenna with aesthetasc. Scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 21. Glyptobairdia trinodosa Teeter, specimen 4083W. A–B in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 21. Glyptobairdia trinodosa Teeter, specimen 4083W. A–B, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light; C–D, RV and LV exteriors in reflected light; E–F, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, with high focus to show incised punctate ornament, bulbous central nodes, and U–shaped central ridge; G–H, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing details of punctate ornament and nodes in central region; I, RV interior in transmitted light with long hinge, showing crescentic terminal teeth that project dorsally and ligamental crenulation of median bar; J, LV interior in transmitted light with long hinge, showing ligamental crenulation of median groove and pustular texture of dorsal surface. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 20. Glyptobairdia trinodosa Teeter. H in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 20. Glyptobairdia trinodosa Teeter. H:L scatter plot for 19 adult subfossil specimens (1 carapace, 8 LV, 8 RV) from 2 localities. Because of extreme valve asymmetry, LV plot in the upper cluster and RV plot in the lower cluster. Without soft–part control, sexual dimorphism cannot be verified, although it is likely that the longer specimens are females.

FIGURE 19 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 19. Glyptobairdia coronata (Brady), juvenile subfossil specimens from Florida. A–G, specimen 4078WJ, A–2 instar: A, C, E, RV exteriors in transmitted light, showing alignment of punctate ornament, elongate caudal process, terminal spinule, and tiny, irregular posteroventral frill; B, D, F, LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing alignment of punctate ornament, with marginal spinule at anterodorsal corner, zig-zag edges of incipient posteroventral frill, and sinuate caudal process; G, RV exterior in transmitted light, showing sinuate caudal process, with small terminal spinule and zig-zag posteroventral frill; incipient bairdoppilatan dentition is developed as six tiny denticles (or granules) on bend of posterodorsal edge. H, J, specimen 4077RVJ, A–1 instar: RV exterior in transmitted light, showing alignment of punctate ornament, darker NPC, AMS, narrow infold, and absence of calcified inner lamella. I, K–L, specimen 4076LVJ, A–1 instar: LV exterior in transmitted light, at high and low focus, to show delicate network of aligned punctate ornament, darker NPC, AMS, narrow infold, and absence of calcified inner lamella. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 18 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 18. Glyptobairdia coronata (Brady), male specimen 2441M from Bermuda. A–B, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing hexagonal lateral outlines with well–marked corners, narrowly extended caudal processes, and densely punctate ornament with central ridges, marginal denticles and frills, and sensilla; C, dorsal view of both hemipenes and zygum; D–E, dorsal views of right and left hemipenes, with bifurcate tip of coiled copulatory tube, setulose distal appendage, distal element, and other appendages; F, distal claws of A2; G–H, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing details of punctate ornament, with central ridges, sensilla along crest of ridge, polygonal puncta with stippled floors, narrow muri, NPC, and AMS. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 17 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 17. Glyptobairdia coronata (Brady). H:L scatter plot for 290 subfossil specimens from 10 Caribbean localities. Because of extreme valve asymmetry, two elongate diagonal clusters are evident: the upper cluster includes 180 LV and carapaces, and the lower cluster represents 110 RV. Adult females tend to plot at the upper right of each cluster, while males plot at the lower left. Separate clusters for instars A–1 and A–2 are represented in the Florida assemblages. In general, specimens from Bermuda tend to be larger, and those from Florida smaller, than those at other localities.

FIGURE 16. A, B in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 16. A, B, Bairdoppilata scaura Maddocks [Hawaii]: A, male specimen 3860M: esophageal plate. B, male specimen 3864M: left lateral view of mouth region, with upper and lower lips, atrium, esophagus, U–shaped strut of upper lip, ciliate hemispherical mound of lower lip, flagellate seta projecting into atrium, and setules of forehead and sternum. C, Bairdoppilata sp. 2 [of Maddocks 2015, Hawaii]: female specimen 3969F: esophageal valve with ring, collar, belt and plate. D, Bairdoppilata sp. 3 [of Maddocks 2015, Hawaii]: female specimen 3923F: esophageal valve with collar, plate, bracket, and basal ends of braces. E, Bairdoppilata sp. 4 [of Maddocks 2015, Hawaii]: female specimen 3963F: esophageal plate with bracket. F–I, Bairdoppilata sp. 2 [of Morais & Coimbra 2017, Brazil], female specimen 817F: F, A2 claws; G, esophageal plate and bracket; H, both braces; I, genital lobe. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 15. A–I in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 15. A–I, Bairdoppilata sp. 2 [of Morais & Coimbra 2017, Brazil]. A–D, female specimen 3991F: A, right exterior of whole animal before dissection, in transmitted light, with median eye in anterodorsal region, immature eggs in posterodorsal region; B, LV exterior, damaged, showing AMS and sensilla; C, LV exterior, with AMS and sensilla; D, A2 distal claws. E–G, female specimen 3987F: E, A2 distal claws; F, left side of soft body before dissection, with large median eyes, food balls in gut, and eggs in oviducts; G, genital lobe. H–I, female specimen 3988F: H, LV interior, torn, with AMS and sensilla; I, LV interior, showing AMS and texture of smooth valve. J–L, Bairdoppilata martyni Coryell, Sample and Jennings [Oligocene, Mississippi]: J–K, specimen 1018RV: J, RV exterior in reflected light, showing patch pattern, note occasional clear circles around largest NPC; K, RV exterior in transmitted light, showing patch pattern and NPC. L, specimen 1019LV: LV exterior in transmitted light, showing patch pattern, note occasional clear circles around largest NPC. Scale bar = 50 µm.