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FIGURE 8. Bairdoppilata scaura, n in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 8. Bairdoppilata scaura, n. sp., holotype male specimen 3860M. A, RV exterior; B, LV exterior; C, left exterior of whole animal before dissection, with soft body and partly detached coil of vas deferens, focused on hinge and supplemental dentition; D, LV exterior with smooth surface, MSP with adhering muscle fragments, NPC, and setae of many sizes; E–F, RV exterior, anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins with supplemental dentition; G, RV exterior, posteroventral region with vestibule, selvage, flange, RPC, simple and eyelash setae; H–I, LV and RV exteriors, anterior margins, with vestibule, selvage, flange, true and false RPC, simple and eyelash setae. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 19 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 19. Paranesidea sp. 1, female specimen 3968F. A, third thoracic leg; B, second thoracic leg; C, first thoracic leg; D, vibratory plate of first thoracic leg; E, left side of mouth region, with forehead, upper lip, lower lip and atrium; F, genital lobe. Scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 5 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 5. Lengths of the four distal claws of the antenna, converted to percentages of carapace length, plotted for 25 illustrations of 12 nominal species of Bairdoppilata. The data include only those species for which the antenna was illustrated at a known scale and dimensions were provided for the carapace. The species are listed from left to right in decreasing order of carapace length. See Table 3 for species names and dimensions.

FIGURE 4. Carapace dimensions for 15 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 4. Carapace dimensions for 15 shallow-water species of Bairdoppilata. These data include adults only, of species for which the soft parts have been described. See also Table 2.

FIGURE 12 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 12. Bairdoppilata sp. 2, all female specimen 3969F. A, interior of LV, striate hinge; B, right exterior of whole animal before dissection; C, LV exterior with brown pigmentation; D, MSP and NPC in central region of fig. C; E, LV exterior, anterior margin; F, LV exterior, posterior margin, focused low on adhering shreds of RV hinge and setae; G, left posterior region of soft body, showing ovaries, zygum, genital lobes and furcae; H–I, genital lobe, after and before dissection; J, masticatory organ; K, right exterior of whole animal, to show plumose setae in posterior caudal region; L, right exterior, anterodorsal region of fig. B, showing food ball, median eye and accessory dentition. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 2. Carapace dimensions for the species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea described here. The assemblages of B. scaura, B. sp. 2 and B. sp. 3 each include two late instars as well as adults; the others include only adult specimens. See also Table 1.

FIGURE 1. Maps for localities sampled. A in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 1. Maps for localities sampled. A, Bathymetry of French Frigate Shoals; numerals indicate stations collected (see Appendix I). B, Map of O'ahu Island, to show location of Kane'ohe Bay. C, Map of Kane'ohe Bay; numerals indicate stations collected (see Appendix I). D, French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu are part of the Hawaii-Midway island-seamount chain, which trends west-northwest across 2,500 kilometers of the North Pacific Ocean.

FIGURE 14 in New and poorly known species of Bairdoppilata and Paranesidea (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda) from French Frigate Shoals and O'ahu, the Hawaiian Islands

FIGURE 14. Bairdoppilata sp. 3, female specimen 3923F. A, first thoracic leg, some setae of vibratory plate are obscured; B, fringed claw of mandible palp; C, basal podomere (I) of second thoracic leg, left side; E, basal podomeres (I, II) of third thoracic leg, right side; E, terminal podomeres (II–V) of third thoracic leg; F, reflexed setae of maxilla; G, vibratory plate of maxilla; H, terminal podomeres (IV–VI) of antenna; I, distal claws of antenna with aesthetasc. Scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 21. Glyptobairdia trinodosa Teeter, specimen 4083W. A–B in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 21. Glyptobairdia trinodosa Teeter, specimen 4083W. A–B, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light; C–D, RV and LV exteriors in reflected light; E–F, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, with high focus to show incised punctate ornament, bulbous central nodes, and U–shaped central ridge; G–H, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing details of punctate ornament and nodes in central region; I, RV interior in transmitted light with long hinge, showing crescentic terminal teeth that project dorsally and ligamental crenulation of median bar; J, LV interior in transmitted light with long hinge, showing ligamental crenulation of median groove and pustular texture of dorsal surface. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 20. Glyptobairdia trinodosa Teeter. H in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 20. Glyptobairdia trinodosa Teeter. H:L scatter plot for 19 adult subfossil specimens (1 carapace, 8 LV, 8 RV) from 2 localities. Because of extreme valve asymmetry, LV plot in the upper cluster and RV plot in the lower cluster. Without soft–part control, sexual dimorphism cannot be verified, although it is likely that the longer specimens are females.

FIGURE 19 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 19. Glyptobairdia coronata (Brady), juvenile subfossil specimens from Florida. A–G, specimen 4078WJ, A–2 instar: A, C, E, RV exteriors in transmitted light, showing alignment of punctate ornament, elongate caudal process, terminal spinule, and tiny, irregular posteroventral frill; B, D, F, LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing alignment of punctate ornament, with marginal spinule at anterodorsal corner, zig-zag edges of incipient posteroventral frill, and sinuate caudal process; G, RV exterior in transmitted light, showing sinuate caudal process, with small terminal spinule and zig-zag posteroventral frill; incipient bairdoppilatan dentition is developed as six tiny denticles (or granules) on bend of posterodorsal edge. H, J, specimen 4077RVJ, A–1 instar: RV exterior in transmitted light, showing alignment of punctate ornament, darker NPC, AMS, narrow infold, and absence of calcified inner lamella. I, K–L, specimen 4076LVJ, A–1 instar: LV exterior in transmitted light, at high and low focus, to show delicate network of aligned punctate ornament, darker NPC, AMS, narrow infold, and absence of calcified inner lamella. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 18 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 18. Glyptobairdia coronata (Brady), male specimen 2441M from Bermuda. A–B, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing hexagonal lateral outlines with well–marked corners, narrowly extended caudal processes, and densely punctate ornament with central ridges, marginal denticles and frills, and sensilla; C, dorsal view of both hemipenes and zygum; D–E, dorsal views of right and left hemipenes, with bifurcate tip of coiled copulatory tube, setulose distal appendage, distal element, and other appendages; F, distal claws of A2; G–H, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing details of punctate ornament, with central ridges, sensilla along crest of ridge, polygonal puncta with stippled floors, narrow muri, NPC, and AMS. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 17 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 17. Glyptobairdia coronata (Brady). H:L scatter plot for 290 subfossil specimens from 10 Caribbean localities. Because of extreme valve asymmetry, two elongate diagonal clusters are evident: the upper cluster includes 180 LV and carapaces, and the lower cluster represents 110 RV. Adult females tend to plot at the upper right of each cluster, while males plot at the lower left. Separate clusters for instars A–1 and A–2 are represented in the Florida assemblages. In general, specimens from Bermuda tend to be larger, and those from Florida smaller, than those at other localities.

FIGURE 16. A, B in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 16. A, B, Bairdoppilata scaura Maddocks [Hawaii]: A, male specimen 3860M: esophageal plate. B, male specimen 3864M: left lateral view of mouth region, with upper and lower lips, atrium, esophagus, U–shaped strut of upper lip, ciliate hemispherical mound of lower lip, flagellate seta projecting into atrium, and setules of forehead and sternum. C, Bairdoppilata sp. 2 [of Maddocks 2015, Hawaii]: female specimen 3969F: esophageal valve with ring, collar, belt and plate. D, Bairdoppilata sp. 3 [of Maddocks 2015, Hawaii]: female specimen 3923F: esophageal valve with collar, plate, bracket, and basal ends of braces. E, Bairdoppilata sp. 4 [of Maddocks 2015, Hawaii]: female specimen 3963F: esophageal plate with bracket. F–I, Bairdoppilata sp. 2 [of Morais & Coimbra 2017, Brazil], female specimen 817F: F, A2 claws; G, esophageal plate and bracket; H, both braces; I, genital lobe. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 15. A–I in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 15. A–I, Bairdoppilata sp. 2 [of Morais & Coimbra 2017, Brazil]. A–D, female specimen 3991F: A, right exterior of whole animal before dissection, in transmitted light, with median eye in anterodorsal region, immature eggs in posterodorsal region; B, LV exterior, damaged, showing AMS and sensilla; C, LV exterior, with AMS and sensilla; D, A2 distal claws. E–G, female specimen 3987F: E, A2 distal claws; F, left side of soft body before dissection, with large median eyes, food balls in gut, and eggs in oviducts; G, genital lobe. H–I, female specimen 3988F: H, LV interior, torn, with AMS and sensilla; I, LV interior, showing AMS and texture of smooth valve. J–L, Bairdoppilata martyni Coryell, Sample and Jennings [Oligocene, Mississippi]: J–K, specimen 1018RV: J, RV exterior in reflected light, showing patch pattern, note occasional clear circles around largest NPC; K, RV exterior in transmitted light, showing patch pattern and NPC. L, specimen 1019LV: LV exterior in transmitted light, showing patch pattern, note occasional clear circles around largest NPC. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 2. A–E in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 2. A–E, Bairdoppilata alcyonicola Maddocks, adult specimen 764W: A, RV exterior; B, LV exterior; C, RV interior, denticles on anterodorsal edge; D, RV interior, lateral view of hinge, showing ligamental striation on dorsal surface of hinge bar and teeth; E, LV interior, lateral view of hinge, showing ligamental striation on dorsal surface of hinge groove and sockets; arrows point toward anterior. F–H, Bairdoppilata cratericola Maddocks, adult specimen 763W. F, RV exterior, G, LV exterior; H, RV interior, AMS, arrow points toward anterior. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 6. Bairdoppilata cushmani (Tressler), male specimen 1651M from the Bahamas. A–B, distal claws of both A2; C–D, esophageal valve with ring, belt, collar, plate and bracket, at higher focus for belt and corner teeth, and at lower focus for bracket and medial teeth; E, plate and bracket; F, both braces; G–H, both hemipenes; I, posteroventral fragment of decalcified RV exterior, showing posterior angle and ventral margin with RPC, marginal frill, and sensilla; arrow points to anterior; J, posterodorsal fragment of decalcified LV exterior, showing crenulation of hinge; also parts of food ball, testes, and seminal vesicles; arrow points to anterior; K, left lateral view of mouth region, showing spinules around sclerotized edge of upper lip, and ciliate hemispherical mound within lower lip, with flagellate seta projecting into atrium; L, ciliate hemispherical mound of lower lip, with flagellate seta projecting into atrium. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 9. Bairdoppilata cushmani (Tressler). A-S, male specimen 2399M from Florida: A, esophageal valve with collar, plate and bracket; B–C, braces; D–F, dorsal views of left hemipenis; D, entire left hemipenis; E, terminal details of left hemipenis, including distal element, copulatory tube, and appendages; F, two cilia of bifurcate tip of copulatory rod within tip of tube; G–H, fragmentary right hemipenis, with distal element, fragmentary copulatory tube, and appendages; I, left lateral view of lower lip, showing ciliate hemispherical mound with flagellate seta projecting into atrium, T–bar strut, and ventral setules of sternum; J–K, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, showing patch pattern, NPC and sensilla; L–M, RV and LV exteriors in reflected light, showing patch pattern, smooth surface, and widely spaced NPC; N–O, anterodorsal and posterodorsal edge of RV interior to show denticles of supplemental dentition; P–Q, posterodorsal and anterodorsal edges of LV interior, showing locules of supplemental dentition, located on infold beneath dorsal overhang; R–S, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, with AMS, NPC, occasional sensilla, and texture of smooth surface. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 10. Bairdoppilata cushmani (Tressler). A–G, female specimen 1026F from Cuba 6: A, esophageal valve with collar, plate, bracket and tuberculate ends of braces; B, posterior teeth of plate, with a few smaller nodes visible between teeth; C, genital lobe; D– E, RV and LV exteriors in transmitted light, to show patch pattern and setules; F–G, RV and LV exteriors in reflected light to show patch pattern and smooth surface. Scale bar = 50 µm.

FIGURE 1. A–K, Bairdoppilata alcyonicola Maddocks. A–E, molting juvenile specimen 523J in Taxonomic applications of the esophageal flapper valve in Bairdoppilata and Glyptobairdia (Bairdiidae, Ostracoda), with comments on anatomy, ontogeny, and geography

FIGURE 1. A–K, Bairdoppilata alcyonicola Maddocks. A–E, molting juvenile specimen 523J: A, RV exterior, showing puncta, sensilla, NPC, inner margin, weakly calcified proximal zone of inner lamella, narrow infold, and marginal frills; ventral edge is damaged; B, posterior caudal angle of RV exterior, showing inner margin, weakly calcified inner lamella, narrow infold, marginal sensilla, and frill; C, anterior margin of RV exterior, with inner margin, weakly calcified inner lamella, infold, marginal sensilla, and frill; D, A2 distal claws, molting; E, zygum and both furcae. F–H, molting juvenile specimen 524J: F, A2 distal claws, molting; G, plate of EV, with uniform row of teeth; H, LV exterior, molting; folded sensilla of new valve are visible beneath old valve. I–K, molting juvenile specimen 168J: I–J, RV and LV exteriors, showing inner margin, broad but weakly calcified inner lamella with continuous vestibules, narrow infold, and characteristic patch pattern; anterodorsal edge of LV is damaged; K, exterior view of posteroventral edge of LV, showing sensilla of new valve folded chevron-style within vestibule of instar. L–Q, Bairdoppilata cratericola Maddocks. O–P, juvenile specimen 973J: L, A2 claws; M, plate of EV. N–Q, adult female specimen 972F: N, genital lobe and spermatophore; O, RV exterior, with low focus to show broad infold, well calcified inner lamella, shallow, separate vestibules, and marginal frills; P, LV exterior, high focus to show puncta, NPC, MSP, and patch pattern; Q, A2 distal claws. Scale bar = 50 µm.