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122 results for “Borrelia”
Global risk dynamics of Borrelia miyamotoi in the context of climate change
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Data from: Infection intensity and infectivity of the tick-borne pathogen Borrelia afzelii
The 'trade-off' hypothesis for virulence evolution assumes that between-host transmission rate is a positive and saturating function of pathogen exploitation and virulence, but there are as yet few tests of this assumption, in particular for vector-borne pathogens. Here, I show that the infectivity (probability of transmission) of the tick-borne bacterium Borrelia afzelii from two of its natural rodent hosts (bank vole and yellow-necked mouse) to its main tick vector increases asymptotically with increasing exploitation (measured as bacterial load in skin biopsies). Hence, this result provides support for one of the basic assumptions of the 'trade-off hypothesis'. Moreover, there was no difference in infectivity between bank voles and yellow-necked mice despite bacterial loads being on average an order of magnitude higher in bank voles, most likely because ticks took larger blood meals from mice. This shows that interspecific variation in host resistance does not necessarily translate into a difference in infectivity.
Data from: Small-scale spatial variation in infection risk shapes the evolution of a Borrelia resistance gene in wild rodents
Spatial variation in pathogen-mediated selection is predicted to influence the evolutionary trajectory of host populations and lead to spatial variation in their immunogenetic composition. However, to date few studies have been able to directly link small-scale spatial variation in infection risk to host immune gene evolution in natural, non-human populations. Here we use a natural rodent-Borrelia system to test for associations between landscape-level spatial variation in Borrelia infection risk along replicated elevational gradients in the Swiss Alps and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) evolution, a candidate gene for Borrelia resistance, across bank vole (Myodes glareolus) populations. We found that Borrelia infection risk (i.e. the product of Borrelia prevalence in questing ticks and the average tick load of voles at a sampling site) was spatially variable and significantly negatively associated with elevation. Across sampling sites, Borrelia prevalence in bank voles was significantly positively associated with Borrelia infection risk along the elevational clines. We observed a significant association between naturally occurring TLR2 polymorphisms in hosts and their Borrelia infection status. The TLR2 variant associated with a reduced likelihood of Borrelia infection was most common in rodent populations at lower elevations that face a high Borrelia infection risk, and its frequency changed in accordance with the change in Borrelia infection risk along the elevational clines. These results suggest that small-scale spatial variation in parasite-mediated selection affects the immunogenetic composition of natural host populations, providing a striking example that the microbial environment shapes the evolution of the host's immune system in the wild.
Borrelia strain diversity
<p>Simulated sequence data for testing Bb strain diversity method, all in FASTQ format.</p> <ul> <li>Included are read sets from 3 whole genomes (B31, JD1, N40) x 10 replicates of each. B31_01_R1.fq.bz1 (Genome B31, replicate 1, read 1). These files are compressed with http://www.linfo.org/bzip2.html and can be decompressed with bzip2 -d <em>file.bz2 . </em></li> <li>Also included are reads from all 32 ospC types and subtypes (single replicate of each, uncompressed).</li> <li>Mixes of reads from ospC types are also included. They are named according to the genotypes and fractions they contain: BA.01.99_ospC_1.fq is 1% ospC type B, 99% ospC type A for example, and contains the 1st read pair of the paired FASTQ reads (the paired reads are in the file BA.01.99_ospC_2.fq).</li> </ul>
Borrelia burgdorferi ospC mixes
<p>In silico mixes of ospC reads. Reads either contain Illumina errors (labeled error) or are errorFree (errFree). ospC genotype is followed by mixture proportion (BA.02.98_errFree_R1.fq contains 2% ospC type B and 98% ospC type A reads). All mixture files contain 300 reads; I redid sampling so there should be no sampling error.</p> <p>Use tar -jxvf mix.tar.bz2 to extract the file archive.</p>
Fig. 1 in Molecular characterization of 'Candidatus Borrelia tachyglossi' (family Spirochaetaceae) in echidna ticks, Bothriocroton concolor
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on flaB, groEL, glpQ and gyrB gene sequences, and concatenated gene sequences of 'Candidatus Borrelia tachyglossi' genotypes A, B, and C identified in Bothriocroton concolor ticks from echidnas. Brachyspira pilosicoli (AY241832), Treponema pallidum (NZ_CP010566), Escherichia coli (X56907) and Spirochaeta lutea (JNUP01000064) were used as outgroups for each gene, respectively. Sequences determined in this study are indicated in bold type. Node labels represent posterior probabilities. Bars, substitutions per nucleotide position.
The macroecology and evolution of avian competence for Borrelia burgdorferi
<p><b>Aim: </b>Predicting novel reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens would be improved by identifying inter-specific drivers of host competence, the ability to transmit pathogens to new hosts or vectors.<b> </b>Tick-borne pathogens can provide a useful model system, as larvae become infected only when feeding on a competent host during their first bloodmeal. For tick-borne diseases, competence has been best studied for <i>Borrelia burgdorferi </i>sensu lato (<i>Bb</i>sl), which causes Lyme borreliosis. Major reservoirs include several small mammal species, but birds may play an underrecognized role in human risk given their ability to disperse infected ticks across large spatial scales. Here, we provide a global synthesis of the ecological and evolutionary factors that determine the ability of bird species to infect larval ticks with <i>Bb</i>sl.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Global</p> <p><b>Time period: </b>1983 to 2019</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Birds</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We compiled a dataset of <i>Bb</i>sl competence across 183 bird species and applied meta-analysis, phylogenetic factorization, and boosted regression trees to describe spatial and temporal patterns in competence, characterize its phylogenetic distribution across birds, reconstruct its evolution, and evaluate the trait profiles associated with competent avian species.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Half of sampled bird species show evidence of competence for <i>Bb</i>sl. Competence displays moderate phylogenetic signal, has evolved multiple times across bird species, and is pronounced in the genus <i>Turdus</i>. Trait-based analyses distinguished competent birds with 80% accuracy and show that such species have low baseline corticosterone, exist on both ends of the pace-of-life continuum, breed and winter at high latitudes, and have broad migratory movements into their breeding range. We use these trait profiles to predict various likely but unsampled competent species, including novel concentrations of avian reservoirs within the Neotropics.</p> <p><b>Main conclusion: </b>Our results can generate new hypotheses for how birds contribute to the dynamics of tick-borne pathogens and help prioritize surveillance of likely but unsampled competent birds. Our findings further emphasize that birds display underrecognized variation in their contributions to enzootic cycles of <i>Bb</i>sl and the broader need to better consider competence in ecological and predictive studies of multi-host pathogens.</p>
Tick-to-host transmission differs between Borrelia afzelii strains
<p>These Excel files contain the raw data that was analyzed for a manuscript titled "Tick-to-host transmission differs between Borrelia afzelii strains". This manuscript was submitted to Microbiology Spectrum and the manuscript ID is Spectrum01675-23.</p>
BOrrelia BUrgdorferi IN Children and Adolescents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05856812. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Infection intensity and infectivity of the tick-borne pathogen Borrelia afzelii
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Data from: Polymorphisms at the innate immune receptor TLR2 are associated with Borrelia infection in a wild rodent population
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Cross-reactivity of antibody responses to Borrelia afzelii OspC
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Data from: Small-scale spatial variation in infection risk shapes the evolution of a Borrelia resistance gene in wild rodents
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Data from: Evolution of antigenic diversity in the tick-transmitted bacterium Borrelia afzelii: a role for host specialization?
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Data from: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes in wild birds in northwestern California: associations with ecological factors, bird behavior and tick infestation
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The macroecology and evolution of avian competence for Borrelia burgdorferi
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Data from: Within-host competition between Borrelia afzelii ospC strains in wild hosts as revealed by massively parallel amplicon sequencing
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Competition Between Strains of Borrelia afzelii in Immature Ixodes ricinus Ticks Is Not Affected by Season
<p>The Excel file titled, "Raw data.xlsx" contains the raw data that was used in the statistical analyses of the article titled, "Competition Between Strains of Borrelia afzelii in Immature Ixodes ricinus Ticks Is Not Affected by Season" that was published in Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.</p>
Data from: Multiple-strain infections of borrelia afzelii: a role for within-host interactions in the maintenance of antigenic diversity?
Genetically diverse infections are common but little is known about what effects coinfecting strains have on each other in natural host-parasite systems. To explore the nature and consequences of interactions in the wild, we studied the tick-transmitted bacterium Borrelia afzelii in one of its main reservoir hosts, the bank vole Myodes glareolus. We measured overall infection intensity with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and resolved the composition of multiple infections using strain-specific PCR assays targeting the ospC gene (which encodes an immunodominant surface protein). We found seven different strains, as defined by ospC genotype. There was little evidence for interactions affecting infection intensities, but strains were highly aggregated (i.e., there were more multiple infections than expected from random co-occurrence). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the difference at the amino acid level between two OspC types and their degree of association. Overall, the observed patterns suggest that facilitation is more important than competition in this system and that more diverse infections have an advantage in establishing and/or maintaining infection. We propose that this advantage is one of the factors that favors antigenic diversity.
Culture Media for Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02145754. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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