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98 results for “Bufo”
Data from: Development of nuclear microsatellite loci and mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms for the natterjack toad, Bufo (Epidalea) calamita (Bufonidae), using next generation sequencing and Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASPar)
Amphibians are undergoing a major decline worldwide and the steady increase in the number of threatened species in this particular taxa highlights the need for conservation genetics studies using high-quality molecular markers. The natterjack toad, Bufo (Epidalea) calamita, is a vulnerable pioneering species confined to specialized habitats in Western Europe. To provide efficient and cost-effective genetic resources for conservation biologists, we developed and characterized 22 new nuclear microsatellite markers using next-generation sequencing. We also used sequence data acquired from Sanger sequencing to develop the first mitochondrial markers for KASPar assay genotyping. Genetic polymorphism was then analyzed for 95 toads sampled from 5 populations in France. For polymorphic microsatellite loci, number of alleles and expected heterozygosity ranged from 2 to 14 and from 0.035 to 0.720, respectively. No significant departures from panmixia were observed (mean multilocus F IS = −0.015) and population differentiation was substantial (mean multilocus F ST = 0.222, P < 0.001). From a set of 18 mitochondrial SNPs located in the 16S and D-loop region, we further developed a fast and cost-effective SNP genotyping method based on competitive allele-specific PCR amplification (KASPar). The combination of allelic states for these mitochondrial DNA SNP markers yielded 10 different haplotypes, ranging from 2 to 5 within populations. Populations were highly differentiated (G ST = 0.407, P < 0.001). These new genetic resources will facilitate future parentage, population genetics and phylogeographical studies and will be useful for both evolutionary and conservation concerns, especially for the set-up of management strategies and the definition of distinct evolutionary significant units.
Data from: Female polyandry and size-assortative mating in isolated local populations of the Japanese common toad Bufo japonicus
In anurans, female polyandry under male harassment is distributed across taxa because of external aquatic fertilisation. According to the sexual selection theory, male–male competition for access to females is affected by the operational sex ratio (OSR) and population density. The Japanese common toad, Bufo japonicus, is widespread in mainland Japan, and like the European common toad, B. bufo, it engages in explosive breeding. We observed the breeding behaviour of B. japonicus in isolated local populations for three years in two breeding ponds with different population sizes and densities: large-low (L-pond) and small-high (S-pond). We analysed the relative polyandry ratio in egg clutches laid by females and estimated the size-assortative mating pattern to be an indicator of male–male competition in the two ponds. Both ponds tended to exhibit a size-assortative mating pattern; however, the frequency of polyandry was different in the two ponds (L-pond = 20% and S-pond = 90%). We also found that polyandry could occur without multiple amplexus with a high population density, i.e. eggs were often fertilised by free-swimming sperm in the small shallow pond. We propose that high female polyandry ratios without continuous male harassment are generated because of a male-biased OSR and a high population density in the small pond.
FIGURE 6 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)
FIGURE 6. Reproduction of part of the tree of anurans in Van Bocxlaer et al. (2009: 3) including their BUFONIDAE. The specific nomina are those used by these authors, whereas the generic nomina in the column on the right are those supported here, either for genera or subgenera (see text for details). Bidirectional arrows point to reported cases of successful hybridization resulting in adult specimens: (1) between Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis (Hemmer & Böhme 1974; Duda 2008); (2) between Bufo calamita and Bufo viridis (Flindt & Hemmer 1967; Hemmer 1973; Schlyter et al. 1991); (3) between Bufo terrestris and Bufo valliceps (Blair 1941; Moore 1955) and between Bufo fowleri and Bufo valliceps (Blair in Moore 1955); (4) between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii (Blair 1972: 420). The larger grey rectangle includes all the species that must be maintained in the genus Bufo according to these data if the crossability criterion of Dubois (1988a-b, 2004c) is implemented. The darker grey rectangles includes species that could be placed in two distinct genera if the only reported case between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii proved to be in error; in this latter case, several genera should be recognized for the species remaining in the lighter grey area. See text for explanations.
FIGURE 4 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)
FIGURE 4. Reproduction of part of the general tree of amphibians in Frost et al. (2006: 129; 2009b: 144) including their BUFONIDAE. The specific nomina are those used by these authors, whereas the generic nomina in the column on the right are those supported here, either for genera or subgenera (see text for details). Bidirectional arrows point to reported cases of successful hybridization resulting in adult specimens: (1) between Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis (Hemmer & Böhme 1974; Duda 2008); (2) between Bufo terrestris and Bufo valliceps (Blair 1941; Moore 1955) and between Bufo fowleri and Bufo valliceps (Blair in Moore 1955); (3) between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii (Blair 1972: 420). The grey rectangle includes all the species that must be maintained in the genus Bufo according to these data if the crossability criterion of Dubois (1988a-b, 2004c) is implemented. See text for explanations.
FIGURE 5 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)
FIGURE 5. Reproduction of part of the tree of vertebrates in Pramuk et al. (2008: 76) including their BUFONIDAE. The specific nomina are those used by these authors, whereas the generic nomina in the column on the right are those supported here, either for genera or subgenera (see text for details). Bidirectional arrows point to reported cases of successful hybridization resulting in adult specimens: (1) between Bufo fowleri and Bufo valliceps (Blair in Moore 1955); (2) between Bufo terrestris and Bufo valliceps (Blair 1941; Moore 1955); (3) between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii (Blair 1972: 420). The larger grey rectangle includes all the species that must be maintained in the genus Bufo according to these data if the crossability criterion of Dubois (1988a-b, 2004c) is implemented. The darker grey rectangle includes species that could be excluded from this genus if the only reported case between Bufo bufo and Bufo woodhousii proved to be in error. See text for explanations.
FIGURE 3 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)
FIGURE 3. Reproductions of extracts from the works of Garsault (1764, 1767): plates 673–675 (1764); text page 414 (1767). See text for explanations.
FIGURE 2 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)
FIGURE 2. Reproductions of extracts from the work of Garsault (1764): plates 669–672. See text for explanations.
FIGURE 1 in The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768)
FIGURE 1. Reproductions of extracts from the work of Garsault (1764): title page, plates 666–668. See text for explanations.
FIGURE 9 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo
FIGURE 9. Dendrogram representing faunistic similarities between provinces of Sumatra using Average Linkage between groups based on Jaccard coefficients.
FIGURE 7 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo
FIGURE 7. (a) Xenodermus javanicus Reinhardt, 1836. Adult specimen, not collected; (b). View of the head; (c) Calliophis intestinalis lineatus (Gray, 1835). MNHN 2002.0442 (female); (d) Tropidolaemus wagleri (Boie, 1827). MHLCLFE C207 (female); (e). View of the head; (f) Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin, 1802. Specimen not preserved from Jakarta, Java
FIGURE 6 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo
FIGURE 6. (a) Broghammerus reticulatus (Schneider, 1801). Juvenile specimen not collected; (b) Boiga cynodon (Boie, 1827). Large adult, not collected; view of the head; (c) Dendrelaphis caudolineatus caudolineatus (Gray, 1835). MHLCLFE C167, adult male; (d) Dendrelaphis pictus pictus (Gmelin, 1789). One of the three adult specimens; (e) Pseudorabdion eiselti Inger & Leviton, 1961. MNHN 2002.0438, adult male; (f) Xenocrophis trianguligerus (Boie, 1827). Specimen not preserved.
FIGURE 5 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo
FIGURE 5. (a–c) Aphaniotis acutirostris Modigliani, 1889. MNHN 2002.0426, adult male; (d) Bronchocella cristatella (Kuhl, 1830). MHLCLFE 429, adult female; (e) Lygosoma quadrupes (Linnaeus, 1758). MNHN 2002.0428 (unsexed adult), preserved.
FIGURE 4 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo
FIGURE 4. (a) Limnonectes sp. MNHN 2003.3405, young male; (b) Limnonectes shompenorum Das, 1996. MNHN 2003.3377, adult female; (c) Huia sumatrana Yang, 1991. MNHN 2003.3379, adult female; (d) Rana rufipes Inger, Stuart & Iskandar, 2008. MNHN 2003.3407, adult female; (e) Rana erythraea (Schlegel, 1837). Not collected; (f) Ichthyophis paucisulcus Taylor, 1960. MNHN 2003.3409, probably adult.
FIGURE 3 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo
FIGURE 3. (a) Microhyla berdmorei (Blyth, 1856). MNHN 2003.3374, sex and stage not observable; (b) Rana glandulosa Boulenger, 1892. Not collected; (c) Polypedates leucomystax (Gravenhorst, 1829). MNHN 2003.3406, adult female.
FIGURE 2. Bufo sumatranus Peters, 1971. Holotype, ZMB 6292 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo
FIGURE 2. Bufo sumatranus Peters, 1971. Holotype, ZMB 6292, young. Dorsal and ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of throat and hand.
FIGURE 1 in Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo
FIGURE 1. Bufo (Duttaphrynus) totol Ohler, spec. nov. Holotype, MNHN 2003.3373, adult female. Dorsal and ventral view, lateral view of head, ventral view of throat and hand.
Effects of artificial light at night on urban and rural spiny toads Bufo spinosus
<p>The dataset contains the results from several experiments on the response to artificial light at night of adult males of spiny toads (Bufo spinosus). Toads originated from 3 rural sites and 3 rural sites in western France. The tests were carried out in March and April 2023.</p> <ol> <li>Exploration behaviour in testing arena</li> <li>Sensitivity to glare in testing arena</li> <li>Crossing of light obstacle (light strip in a dark testing corridor)</li> <li>Pupillary light reflex</li> <li>Change in body weight between the start and the end of the experiment</li> </ol>
On following pages: 534. Macedonian Mouse (Mus macedonicus); 535. Mound-building Mouse (Mus spicilegus); 536. Cypriot Mouse (Mus cypriacus); 537. Ethiopian Striped Mouse (Mus imberbis); 538. Mahomet Mouse (Mus mahomet): 539. Hausa Mouse (Mus haussa); 540. West African Pygmy Mouse (Mus musculoides); 541. Baoule Mouse (Mus baoulei); 542. Matthey's Mouse (Mus mattheyi); 543. Toad Mouse (Mus bufo); 544. Callewaert's Mouse (Mus callewaerti); 545. Gounda Mouse (Mus goundae); 546. Neave's Mouse (Mus neavel); 547. Ubangui Mouse (Mus oubanguii); 548. Peters's Mouse (Mus setulosus); 549. Thomas's Mouse (Mus sorella): 550. Gray-bellied Mouse (Mustriton); 551. Delicate Mouse (Mus tenellus); 552. Desert Pygmy Mouse (Mus indutus); 553. Sub-Saharan Pygmy Mouse (Mus minutoides); 554. Setzer's Mouse (Mus setzeri); 555. Little Indian Field Mouse (Mus booduga); 556. Phillips's Mouse (Mus phillipsi); 557. Flat-haired Mouse (Mus platythrix); 558. Saxicolous Mouse (Mus saxicola); 559. Earth-colored Mouse (Mus terricolon); 560. Servant Mouse (Mus famulus): 561. Ceylon Spiny Mouse (Mus fernandoni); 562. Mayor's Mouse (Mus mayori); 563. Ryukyu Mouse (Mus caroli); 564. Fawn-colored Mouse (Mus cervicolor); 565. Cook's Mouse (Mus cookii); 566. Sheath-tailed Mouse (Mus fragilicauda); 567. Little Burmese Field Mouse (Mus lepidoides); 568. Blyth's Mouse (Mus nitidulus); 569. Indochinese Shrew-like Mouse (Mus pahari); 570. Shortridge's Mouse (Mus shortridgei); 571. Sumatran Shrew-like Mouse (Mus crociduroides); 572. Javan Shrew-like Mouse (Mus vulcani). in Muridae
On following pages: 534. Macedonian Mouse (Mus macedonicus); 535. Mound-building Mouse (Mus spicilegus); 536. Cypriot Mouse (Mus cypriacus); 537. Ethiopian Striped Mouse (Mus imberbis); 538. Mahomet Mouse (Mus mahomet): 539. Hausa Mouse (Mus haussa); 540. West African Pygmy Mouse (Mus musculoides); 541. Baoule Mouse (Mus baoulei); 542. Matthey's Mouse (Mus mattheyi); 543. Toad Mouse (Mus bufo); 544. Callewaert's Mouse (Mus callewaerti); 545. Gounda Mouse (Mus goundae); 546. Neave's Mouse (Mus neavel); 547. Ubangui Mouse (Mus oubanguii); 548. Peters's Mouse (Mus setulosus); 549. Thomas's Mouse (Mus sorella): 550. Gray-bellied Mouse (Mustriton); 551. Delicate Mouse (Mus tenellus); 552. Desert Pygmy Mouse (Mus indutus); 553. Sub-Saharan Pygmy Mouse (Mus minutoides); 554. Setzer's Mouse (Mus setzeri); 555. Little Indian Field Mouse (Mus booduga); 556. Phillips's Mouse (Mus phillipsi); 557. Flat-haired Mouse (Mus platythrix); 558. Saxicolous Mouse (Mus saxicola); 559. Earth-colored Mouse (Mus terricolon); 560. Servant Mouse (Mus famulus): 561. Ceylon Spiny Mouse (Mus fernandoni); 562. Mayor's Mouse (Mus mayori); 563. Ryukyu Mouse (Mus caroli); 564. Fawn-colored Mouse (Mus cervicolor); 565. Cook's Mouse (Mus cookii); 566. Sheath-tailed Mouse (Mus fragilicauda); 567. Little Burmese Field Mouse (Mus lepidoides); 568. Blyth's Mouse (Mus nitidulus); 569. Indochinese Shrew-like Mouse (Mus pahari); 570. Shortridge's Mouse (Mus shortridgei); 571. Sumatran Shrew-like Mouse (Mus crociduroides); 572. Javan Shrew-like Mouse (Mus vulcani).
FIGURE 1 in A diamond in the rough desert shrublands of the Great Basin in the Western United States: A new cryptic toad species (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo (Anaxyrus)) discovered in Northern Nevada
FIGURE 1. Sampling localities of populations included for morphological (a) and DNA (b) collections within the hydrological Great Basin and surrounding states. a) Colors indicate species-specific populations measured for morphological analysis. b) Colors correspond with localized species and B. boreas colors correspond with major mtDNA haplotype clades (ONV- Oregon- NW Nevada (yellow), HL-Humboldt-Lahontan (blue), M-Mojave (aqua)) identified in Tracy et al. (in progress) molecular study of B. boreas diversity. Maps created using ArcGIS software by ESRI (2011: Release 10).
FIGURE 5 in A diamond in the rough desert shrublands of the Great Basin in the Western United States: A new cryptic toad species (Amphibia: Bufonidae: Bufo (Anaxyrus)) discovered in Northern Nevada
FIGURE 5. Discriminant function analysis (DFA). Cross validated DFA using 14 size corrected morphological characters measured from 380 live adult toads (Fig. 1a) examined within the hydrological Great Basin Bufo (Anaxyrus) boreas species complex. Species identified as B. boreas (red circle), B. nelsoni (blue diamond), B. exsul (green circle), and B. williamsi (yellow square).
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