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FIGURE 3 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 3. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females, Bodensee (Germany) (type locality). A, distal end of second segment of upper antennal branch. B, distal end of mandible. C, papillae of mandibular process. D, spinules of distal part of mandible. E, upper lip (labrum). F, apical papillae of middle lobe of upper lip. Scale bars: 20µm (A, B, E); 5µm (C, D, F).

FIGURE 6 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 6. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, regular parthenogenetic females (A–G), male (H–K), and parthenogenetic females of first generation (L–O) (Bodensee (Germany) (type locality). A, B, thoracic limb of fourth pair (tl IV) from outer and inner side, respectively. C, D, setae of apical segment of tl IV. E, seta of basal segment of tl IV, F, G, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. H, male, general lateral view. I, tl I with a hook. J, male's hook. K, copulatory appendage. L, M, apical setae of first and second segments of endopodite of tl I, respectively. N, O, claws of postabdomen and caudal process.

FIGURE 8 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 8. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females (Austria: Mond See: A, D, J, M–O; Grundlsee: F, I, Q, S, W; Millstätter See: E, K, P, R, X; Great Britain, Loch Ness: B, G, L, T, U; Lake Grasmere (English Lake District): C, H, V). A–C, thoracic limbs of first pair (tl I). D–H, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. I–L, apical setae of first segment of endopodite of tl I. N–V, apical setae of second segment of endopodite of tl I. W, X, apical setae of caudal process.

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FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic resolution of the North American invasive species of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 2. Bythotrephes cederströmii, females and males (Canada: A—Lake Eagle; B—Lac La Croix; C–I—Lake Prairie Bee). Female: A, general lateral view. B, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). F–H—claws of postabdomen and caudal process. I—bend of caudal process. Male: C, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). D, inner proximal part of third segment of tl I with clasping hook. E, thoracic limb of forth pair (tl IV) and copulatory appendage.

FIGURE 14 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 14. Schemes of morphological structure of tl II–tl III (A), tl IV (B), and abdomen (C) (lateral view). (abd = three abdominal segments, cp = caudal process, end = endopodite, end/prot = internal part of protopodite fused with endopodite, pgnat = pseudognathobase, p/abd = postabdomen, tr = trunk).

FIGURE 13 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 13. Comparative proportions of body parts of Bythotrephes cederströmii s. str. (Southern Sweden) and hybrids (Lake Pozemskoje, Karelia, Russia). A, length of postabdominal claws. B, interclaw distance.

FIGURE 11 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 11. Bythotrephes cederströmii Schödler, parthenogenetic female (Schweden: Lake Saxen (Prov. Värmland) (paralectotypes): A – H, J, K, L; Lake Holvuvistjarn (Prov. Närke) (paralectotypes): M, N; Lake Bolmen (Prov. Småland): G, I. A, general lateral view. B, F, G, caudal process. C, I, caudal curve. D, denticles of caudal curve. E, proximal parts of tl I – tl III, outer view. H, claws of caudal process, dorsal view. J, tl I. K, N, apical setae of first segment of endopodite of tl I. L, M, apical setae of second segment of endopodite of tl I.

FIGURE 10 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 10. Bythotrephes cederströmii Schödler, parthenogenetic female (Schweden: Lake Saxen (Prov. Värmland) (lectotype), general lateral view (bend on spine is arrowed). Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 9. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females: I–M, O, R–T; gamogenetic females: A, G, H, N, P, Q; males: B–F. (Great Britain. Loch Lochy: A–H, N, P, Q; Llyn Quellyn: I, M, R; Llyn Padarn: J, O, S; Lake Windermere: K, L, T). A, gamogenetic female, general lateral view. B, male, general lateral view. C, proximal seta on antero-dorsal side of basipodite. D, male's tl I with hook. E, male's hook. F, copulatory appendage. G–K, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. L–O, apical setae of first segment of endopodite of tl I. P–T, apical setae of second segment of endopodite of tl I.

FIGURE 6 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 6. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, regular parthenogenetic females (A – G), male (H – K), and parthenogenetic females of first generation (L – O) (Bodensee (Germany) (type locality). A, B, thoracic limb of fourth pair (tl IV) from outer and inner side, respectively. C, D, setae of apical segment of tl IV. E, seta of basal segment of tl IV, F, G, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. H, male, general lateral view. I, tl I with a hook. J, male's hook. K, copulatory appendage. L, M, apical setae of first and second segments of endopodite of tl I, respectively. N, O, claws of postabdomen and caudal process.

FIGURE 8 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 8. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females (Austria: Mond See: A, D, J, M – O; Grundlsee: F, I, Q, S, W; Millstätter See: E, K, P, R, X; Great Britain, Loch Ness: B, G, L, T, U; Lake Grasmere (English Lake District): C, H, V). A – C, thoracic limbs of first pair (tl I). D – H, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. I – L, apical setae of first segment of endopodite of tl I. N – V, apical setae of second segment of endopodite of tl I. W, X, apical setae of caudal process.

FIGURE 5 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 5. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females, Bodensee (Germany) (type locality). A, seta of first segment of endopodite of tl I. B, distal parts of apical setae of tl I. C, anterior apical seta of tl III. D, E, pseudognathobase of tl II and tl III, respectively (pore arrowed). F, proximal parts of apical setae of tl I, G, tl IV (ex = external setae, int = internal setae). H, apical end of pseudognathobase of tl IV. I, surface of caudal process with minute spinules. Scale bars: 20 µm (B); 10 µm (F, G, I); 5 µm (A, C, D, E, H).

FIGURE 3 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 2 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 2. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females, Bodensee (Germany) (type locality). A, general lateral view. B, distal part of caudal process. C, antennules. D, proximal seta on antero-dorsal side of basipodite. E, distal end of antennal basipodite, outer side. F, distal end of third segment of upper antennal branch. G, distal end of apical segment of upper antennal branch. H, the same, lower antennal branch. I, maxillule (mx I) and end of mandible. J, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). K, proximal part of tl I, anterior view (as = anterior setae, ps = posterior seta). L, distal setae of tl I. M, N, distal setae of first segment of endopodite of tl I. O–R, distal setae of second segment of endopodite of tl I. S, abdomen, lateral view. T, terminal setae of caudal process.

FIGURE 4 in Redescription of Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, 1860 and B. cederströmii Schödler, 1877 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Onychopoda), with notes on the morphology and systematics of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860

FIGURE 4. Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig, parthenogenetic females, Bodensee (Germany) (type locality). A, protopodite of tl II, outer view ("exopodite" arrowed). B, the same of tl I, inner view (co = coxa, ba = basis, e1 = first segment of endopodite). C, basal parts of thoracic limbs, outer view. D, thoracic limb of second pair (tl II) (as = anterior setae, ps = posterior setae). E, scheme of setae arrangement of tl II (as = anterior setae, ps = posterior seta). F, apical end of tl I. G, thoracic limb of third pair (tl III). H, scheme of setae arrangement of tl III, I, apical end of tl III, outer view. J–N, setae of thoracic limbs of different type.

FIGURE 5 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 5. Bythotrephes cf. brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females, Lake Halstättersee (A–C, G– I). Bythotrephes sp., females, Lake Wolfgangsee (D–F, J, K). A, D, setae of distal part of first endopodital segment of tl I. B, C, E, F, setae of distal part of second endopodital segment of tl I. G–K, claws of postabdomen and caudal process.

FIGURE 4 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 4. Bythotrephes longimanus austriacus ssp. nov., females: Lake Irrsee (A–C), Lake Erlaufsee (D–F), Lake Wolfgangsee (G, H). A–H, claws of postabdomen and caudal process.

FIGURE 1 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 1. Bythotrephes inexpectatus sp. nov., females (A–H) and males (I–K): Lake Toplitzsee (A, B, E, F, I–K) and Lake Altaussee (C, D, G, H). A, general lateral view. B, antennule. C, I, endopodite of thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). D, setae of distal part of first endopodital segment of tl I. E, setae of distal part of second endopodital segment of tl I. F, apical end of distal segment of upper antennal branch (exopodite). G, postabdomen and proximal part of caudal process. H, apical rudimentary setae of caudal process. J, proximal part of distal segment of tl I with clasping hook. K, copulatory appendage.

FIGURE 3 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 3. Bythotrephes longimanus austriacus ssp. nov., females: Lake Irrsee (A, F–I, K, L), Lake Erlaufsee (C, D, J, M, N), Lake Wolfgangsee (E, O–R). A, endopodite of thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). B–E, setae of distal part of first endopodital segment of tl I. F–R, setae of distal part of second endopodital segment of tl I.

FIGURE 2 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 2. Bythotrephes inexpectatus sp. nov., females, Lake Toplitzsee (A–C, D, F, I) and Lake Altaussee (E, G, H). A–C, thoracic limbs of second (tl II), third (tl III), and fourth (tl IV) pairs, respectively. D–I, claws of postabdomen and caudal process.