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727 results for “C:N:P”
Text-fig. 8. Drawings of upper dentition in occlusal view of African Miocene Hyainailourinae. Comparison with other selected Hyaenodontida taxa. a: Brychotherium ephalmos, b: Anasinopa leakeyi, c: Teratodon spekei, d: Mlanyama sugu, e: Leakitherium hiwegi, f: Buhakia sp. from Karungu, g: Dissopsalis carnifex, h: Metapterodon stromeri, i: Pterodon dasyuroides, j: Hyainailouros napakensis, k: Falcatodon schlosseri, l: Sectisodon markgrafi, m: Isohyaenodon zadoki, n: Isohyaenodon sp. from Elisabethfeld, o: Sectisodon occultus, p–q: Exiguodon pilgrimi, p: from Napak, q: from Koru. in New Hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) From The Early Miocene Of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) And Grillental (Namibia)
Text-fig. 8. Drawings of upper dentition in occlusal view of African Miocene Hyainailourinae. Comparison with other selected Hyaenodontida taxa. a: Brychotherium ephalmos, b: Anasinopa leakeyi, c: Teratodon spekei, d: Mlanyama sugu, e: Leakitherium hiwegi, f: Buhakia sp. from Karungu, g: Dissopsalis carnifex, h: Metapterodon stromeri, i: Pterodon dasyuroides, j: Hyainailouros napakensis, k: Falcatodon schlosseri, l: Sectisodon markgrafi, m: Isohyaenodon zadoki, n: Isohyaenodon sp. from Elisabethfeld, o: Sectisodon occultus, p–q: Exiguodon pilgrimi, p: from Napak, q: from Koru.
Figure 14. Antennae. A, Agalope trimacula. B, Rhodopsona rutila. C, D, Eterusia aedea formosana. E, Cyclosia midama. F, Heteropan scintillans. G, H, Callizygaena glacon. I, Adscita statices. J, Inouela formosensis. K, Zygaena filipendulae. L, Phauda mimica. M, N, Lactura dives. O, Anomoeotis levis. P, Himantopteus fuscinervis. Q, R in The phylogenetic relationships of Chalcosiinae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea, Zygaenidae)
Figure 14. Antennae. A, Agalope trimacula. B, Rhodopsona rutila. C, D, Eterusia aedea formosana. E, Cyclosia midama. F, Heteropan scintillans. G, H, Callizygaena glacon. I, Adscita statices. J, Inouela formosensis. K, Zygaena filipendulae. L, Phauda mimica. M, N, Lactura dives. O, Anomoeotis levis. P, Himantopteus fuscinervis. Q, R, Chalcosiopsis variata.
Figure 16. Allende puyehuensis. A, female habitus. B, female frontal view. C, first leg mesal view. D–H, epigynum. D, caudal view. E, ventral view. F, lateral view. G, caudal view cleared. H, dorsal view cleared. I, male habitus. J, male frontal view. K–N, male pedipalp. K, dorsal view. L, ectal view. M, conductor detail. N, ventral view. Scale bars 0.2 in Systematics of the spider genus Metabus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 (Araneoidea: Tetragnathidae) with additions to the tetragnathid fauna of Chile and comments on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae
Figure 16. Allende puyehuensis. A, female habitus. B, female frontal view. C, first leg mesal view. D–H, epigynum. D, caudal view. E, ventral view. F, lateral view. G, caudal view cleared. H, dorsal view cleared. I, male habitus. J, male frontal view. K–N, male pedipalp. K, dorsal view. L, ectal view. M, conductor detail. N, ventral view. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.
Figure 18. Allende longipes. A, C–E, female habitus. B, female frontal view. F, first leg mesal view. G–K, epigynum. G, ventral view. H, vaudal view. I, lateral view. J, caudal view cleared. K, dorsal view cleared. L, male habitus. M, male frontal view. N–Q, male pedipalp. N, dorsal view. O, ventral view. P, ectal view. Q, conductor detail. Scale bars 0.2 in Systematics of the spider genus Metabus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 (Araneoidea: Tetragnathidae) with additions to the tetragnathid fauna of Chile and comments on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae
Figure 18. Allende longipes. A, C–E, female habitus. B, female frontal view. F, first leg mesal view. G–K, epigynum. G, ventral view. H, vaudal view. I, lateral view. J, caudal view cleared. K, dorsal view cleared. L, male habitus. M, male frontal view. N–Q, male pedipalp. N, dorsal view. O, ventral view. P, ectal view. Q, conductor detail. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.
Figure 9. Spinnerets. A–E, Metabus ocellatus. A, female ALS. B, female PMS. C, female PLS. D, male PLS. G, epiandrous fusules. F–H, Allende longipes. F, female ALS. G, female PMS. H, female PLS. I–J, A. nigrohumeralis. I, male PLS. J, epiandrous fusules. K–O, Mollemeta edwardsi. K, female ALS. L, female PMS. M, female PLS. N, male PLS. O in Systematics of the spider genus Metabus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 (Araneoidea: Tetragnathidae) with additions to the tetragnathid fauna of Chile and comments on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae
Figure 9. Spinnerets. A–E, Metabus ocellatus. A, female ALS. B, female PMS. C, female PLS. D, male PLS. G, epiandrous fusules. F–H, Allende longipes. F, female ALS. G, female PMS. H, female PLS. I–J, A. nigrohumeralis. I, male PLS. J, epiandrous fusules. K–O, Mollemeta edwardsi. K, female ALS. L, female PMS. M, female PLS. N, male PLS. O, epiandrous fusules.
Figure 19. Allende nigrohumeralis. A, female habitus. B, female frontal view. C–G, epigynum. C, caudal view. D, lateral view. E, ventral view. F, caudal view cleared. G, dorsal view cleared. H, male habitus. I, male frontal view. J–P, male pedipalp. J, expanded. K, ventral view. L, dorsal view. M, expanded. N, conductor detail. P, ectal view. Scale bars 0.2 in Systematics of the spider genus Metabus O. P.-Cambridge, 1899 (Araneoidea: Tetragnathidae) with additions to the tetragnathid fauna of Chile and comments on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae
Figure 19. Allende nigrohumeralis. A, female habitus. B, female frontal view. C–G, epigynum. C, caudal view. D, lateral view. E, ventral view. F, caudal view cleared. G, dorsal view cleared. H, male habitus. I, male frontal view. J–P, male pedipalp. J, expanded. K, ventral view. L, dorsal view. M, expanded. N, conductor detail. P, ectal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.
Figure 12. Placoid scales. A–D, morphotype 1. A–B, A, occlusal view. B, lateral view. C–D, C, occlusal view. D, lateral view. E–H, morphotype 2. E, occlusal view. F, lateral view. G, posterior view. H, anterior view. I–L, morphotype 3. I, occlusal view. J, lateral view. K, posterior. L, anterior. M–P, morphotype 4. M, occlusal view. N, lateral view. O, posterior view. P, anterior view. Q–U, morphotype 5. Q, occlusal view. R, lateral view. S, lateral view. T, posterior view. U, anterior view. V–Y, morphotype 6. V, anterior view. W, lateral view. X, occlusal view. Y, posterior view. All scale bars equal 0.5 in Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous of north-eastern Spain
Figure 12. Placoid scales. A–D, morphotype 1. A–B, A, occlusal view. B, lateral view. C–D, C, occlusal view. D, lateral view. E–H, morphotype 2. E, occlusal view. F, lateral view. G, posterior view. H, anterior view. I–L, morphotype 3. I, occlusal view. J, lateral view. K, posterior. L, anterior. M–P, morphotype 4. M, occlusal view. N, lateral view. O, posterior view. P, anterior view. Q–U, morphotype 5. Q, occlusal view. R, lateral view. S, lateral view. T, posterior view. U, anterior view. V–Y, morphotype 6. V, anterior view. W, lateral view. X, occlusal view. Y, posterior view. All scale bars equal 0.5 mm.
Text-fig. 8. Ammonoids Melvilloceras rotaii (LIBROVITCH in POPOV, 1979) from the Mospyne Formation. a, b: A slightly laterally compressed specimen IGSU-7/8040, lateral view (a), ventral view (b). c, d: A slightly laterally compressed specimen IGSU-7/472, lateral view (c), ventral view (d). e, f: Specimen IGSU-7/540, lateral view (e), ventral view (f). g–i: Specimen IGSU-7/468, dorsal view (g), lateral view (h), ventral view (i). j: Specimen IGSU-7/6538, dorsal view. k, l: Specimen IGSU-7/620, lateral view (k), ventral view (l). m–q: Lateral views of the conchs showing the different relief of the umbilical nodes; m – specimen IGSU-4/4148, n – specimen IGSU-7/522, o – specimen IGSU-7/468a, p – specimen IGSU-7/472a, q – specimen IGSU-7/316. Scale bars 10 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 8. Ammonoids Melvilloceras rotaii (LIBROVITCH in POPOV, 1979) from the Mospyne Formation. a, b: A slightly laterally compressed specimen IGSU-7/8040, lateral view (a), ventral view (b). c, d: A slightly laterally compressed specimen IGSU-7/472, lateral view (c), ventral view (d). e, f: Specimen IGSU-7/540, lateral view (e), ventral view (f). g–i: Specimen IGSU-7/468, dorsal view (g), lateral view (h), ventral view (i). j: Specimen IGSU-7/6538, dorsal view. k, l: Specimen IGSU-7/620, lateral view (k), ventral view (l). m–q: Lateral views of the conchs showing the different relief of the umbilical nodes; m – specimen IGSU-4/4148, n – specimen IGSU-7/522, o – specimen IGSU-7/468a, p – specimen IGSU-7/472a, q – specimen IGSU-7/316. Scale bars 10 mm.
Data for: The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis
<p><strong><em>Data description</em></strong></p> <p>This dataset includes detailed information about five different types of land use change reported in “The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis (Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)</a>”. </p> <p> </p> <p>Lists of five different types of land use change</p> <p>1) conversion of primary forest to cropland</p> <p>2) conversion of primary forest to grassland</p> <p>3) conversion of cropland to forest</p> <p>4) conversion of grassland to forest</p> <p>5) conversion of grassland to cropland</p> <p> </p> <p>Lists of detailed information</p> <ul> <li>Land use change (pre-LUC, post-LUC)</li> <li>Country, Location, Geographic position (Longitude, Latitude) </li> <li>Altitude (m)</li> <li>Climate zone</li> <li>Weather [rainfall (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>) and temperature (°C)]</li> <li>Reported time of change (years)</li> <li>Vegetation type (pre-LUC, post-LUC)</li> <li>Fertilizer (pre-LUC, post-LUC: type, application; change)</li> <li>Soil sampling depth (cm)</li> <li>Soil type [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil pH, bulk density, CEC [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil organic carbon [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil total nitrogen [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil total phosphorus [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil C:N [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil C:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil N:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Reference</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Data collection method</strong></em></p> <p>We analyzed five different types of LUC: 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland, 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland, 3) conversion of cropland to forest, 4) conversion of grassland to forest, and 5) conversion of grassland to cropland.</p> <p>We classified primary forest as forest that had not previously been cleared and used for other land uses. The conversion of cropland or grassland to forest includes naturally generated and intentionally planted forest. Cropland is land used for growing agricultural crops and may include short pasture phases, and grassland is land used continuously for grazing purposes, but may include occasional and repeated pasture-renewal phases.</p> <p>While we tried to make categorical distinctions between these land-use types, land uses are often more fluid in practice, which may not always have been stated in the publications underlying our data compilation.</p> <p>When a paper reported both contents and stocks, we used the stock-based measure. We used reported stocks if the original work had already been corrected to equivalent soil mass (Ellert and Bettany, 1995) or if corrected stocks had been reported in previous reviews or meta-analyses (Don et al., 2011; Poeplau et al., 2011; Guo and Gifford, 2002). Where bulk-density correction had not been applied, we tried to make those corrections to estimate changes to equivalent soil mass if studies provided sufficient information on soil bulk density and depth, using the method of Zhang et al. (2004). If that was not possible, we used the reported SOC, TN, or TP contents.</p> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></em></p> <p>We thank scientists who measured, analyzed, and published the data compiled for this study. We are especially grateful to Drs. Axel Don, Christopher Poeplau, Lex Bouwman, and Gaihe Yang, who provided their global meta-data through personal communication. D.-G.K. acknowledges support from the IAEA CRP D15020. M.U.F.K and L.L.L. were supported by the Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) of New Zealand’s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.</p>
Dissolved C, N, and P release efficiency from temperate tree leaf litter
<p><span>Dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients released from forest leaf litter through leaching are important energy and nutrient sources that support the production of aquatic food webs. Leaf litter-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a critical energy source for aquatic heterotrophic microbes, and inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus can enhance primary production. In this study, we experimentally measured the release efficiencies and amounts of DOC, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) of the leaf litter from 11 temperate tree species by soaking the leaf litter in water for 28 days. We found that the maximal release efficiency (% of element released per estimated mass of the element) was the highest for P and lowest for N. These efficiencies were species-specific. Additionally, the DOC:TDP, DOC:TDN, and TDN:TDP ratios varied among the leachate of different leaf litter species. DOC:TDP increased with the C:P ratio in leaf litter biomass but is considerably lower; TDN:TDP was lower than the N:P ratio in leaf litter biomass as well; DOC:TDN ratio was higher than the C:N ratio in leaf litter biomass. These results suggest that the ratios of DOC to dissolved N and P nutrients released into water are related to, but not the same as, the stoichiometry of leaf litter biomass. Based on these findings, we concluded that changes in the vegetation with different leaf litter stoichiometry can alter the relative importance of detrital and grazing food chains in aquatic ecosystems.</span></p>
Dissolved C, N, and P release efficiency from temperate tree leaf litter
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Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): leaf SLA, C, N, P, Ca, delta-13C, delta-15N at peak biomass, 2017
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. This data set includes carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) elemental and isotope content in leaves collected from winter warming, summer warming, and control treatment plots at CiPEHR.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: leaf SLA, C, N, P, Ca, Mg, delta-13C, delta-15N at peak biomass, 2017
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems.
Grazing intensity significantly changes the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems
<p> </p> <p>Aim: Livestock grazing can alter carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, thereby affecting the C:N:P stoichiometry in grasslands. In this study, we aimed to examine the underlying mechanisms for the impacts of grazing intensity on grassland C:N:P stoichiometry, especially for the belowground processes and their linkages with aboveground vegetation properties.<br> Location: Global.<br> Time period: 1900-2018.<br> Major taxa studied: Grassland ecosystems.<br> Methods: Here, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 129 published studies to synthesize the effects of grazing on the C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves, stems, litter, roots, microbial biomass, and soil in grassland ecosystems.<br> Results: Grazing significantly affected the C, N and P pools, and then the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems. Grazing effects on C:N:P stoichiometry varied strongly with grazing intensity. Specifically, heavy grazing decreased all C:N:P stoichiometry except litter N:P and root C:N ratios, while light and moderate grazing exhibited the less negative or positive effects. Grazing effects on litter C:N ratio were negatively correlated with grazing effects on soil C:N ratios under light and moderate grazing, but this relationship was positive under heavy grazing. In contrast, the correlation between grazing effect on root C:P and soil C:P was positive under light and moderate grazing but negative under heavy grazing. Importantly, grazing significantly decreased soil N pool by 10.0% but increased P pools by 3.6%, indicating differential mechanisms for grazing impact on N and P cycles in grasslands.<br> Main conclusions: The divergent effects of light, moderate, and heavy grazing on the C:N:P stoichiometry highlight the importance of grazing intensity in regulating the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P by accelerating plant nutrient use efficiency and inducing changes in soil physicochemical processes in grassland ecosystems. Therefore, incorporating grazing intensity into Earth system models may improve predictions of climate-grassland feedbacks in the Anthropocene.</p>
C:N:P in dinoflagellates
<p>Data on C:N:P of lab-cultured marine dinoflagellates were identified by searching in the ISI Web of Science using keywords such as elemental composition, elemental stoichiometry, elemental ratios, C:N, C:P or C:N combined with the word dinoflagellate. These studies and suitable studies cited within these sources were evaluated for data collection. Experimental conditions were recorded along with the elemental composition data including culturing methods, the media used, culture temperature and salinity. Cell volume and growth rate data were collected when available. Species were then assigned the following traits: 1. thecate or athecate; 2. non-toxic or the potential to produce C-rich or N-rich toxins; and 3. small, medium or large cell volume.</p>
Figure 8. - Metasternal process (in the circle) and aedeagi of Dicronocephalusadamsidrumonti and Dicronocephalusadamsiadamsi. A, B, C, D Dicronocephalusadamsidrumonti (Tibet) E, F, G, H Dicronocephalusadamsidrumonti (Sichuan) I, J, K, L Dicronocephalusadamsiadamsi (South Korea) M, N, O, P Dicronocephalusadamsiadamsi (North Korea) Q, R, S, T Dicronocephalusadamsiadamsi (Dandong, China).
Figure 8. - Metasternal process (in the circle) and aedeagi of Dicronocephalusadamsidrumonti and Dicronocephalusadamsiadamsi. A, B, C, D Dicronocephalusadamsidrumonti (Tibet) E, F, G, H Dicronocephalusadamsidrumonti (Sichuan) I, J, K, L Dicronocephalusadamsiadamsi (South Korea) M, N, O, P Dicronocephalusadamsiadamsi (North Korea) Q, R, S, T Dicronocephalusadamsiadamsi (Dandong, China).
Fig. 1 in P R O J E C T S O N E M Y S O R B I C U L A R I S (R E P T I L I A: Testudines: Emydidae) In Latvia For Thirty Years (1984 - 2014): Biological Aspects, Results And Effect On Population And Ecosystems
Fig. 1. Old Emys orbicularis female, found in 1984 in Daugavpils (Photo: 1990).
Fig. 7 in P H E N O T Y P I C P L A S T I C I T Y A N D N U C L E A R D N A Polymorphism Of Two Differing Pinus Sylvestris L. Open-Pollinated Families Originating From The Same Population
Fig. 7. Heterozygosity at 5 loci among the investigated Scots pine families.
Fig. 3 in P R O J E C T S O N E M Y S O R B I C U L A R I S (R E P T I L I A: Testudines: Emydidae) In Latvia For Thirty Years (1984 - 2014): Biological Aspects, Results And Effect On Population And Ecosystems
Fig. 3. Location of zones of influences of Project LIFE-HerpetoLatvia.
Fig. 9. 42 in P R O J E C T S O N E M Y S O R B I C U L A R I S (R E P T I L I A: Testudines: Emydidae) In Latvia For Thirty Years (1984 - 2014): Biological Aspects, Results And Effect On Population And Ecosystems
Fig. 9. 42 Semi-adult and young adult turtles were released in wild in Silene Nature Park in 2014.
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