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Fig. 7 in New palaeoscolecid plates from the Cambrian Stage 3 of northern Mongolia

Fig. 7. Unusual plates of palaeoscolecid Floraconformis egiinensis gen. et sp. nov. from Khuhtolgoi section, northern Mongolia, Cambrian Stage 3. A. NRM X11467; two merged plates. B. NRM X11524; second and third-generation elevations are not elongated toward the margin but parallel to it. C. NRM X11510; absence of the usual larger central elevation.

Fig. 5 in New palaeoscolecid plates from the Cambrian Stage 3 of northern Mongolia

Fig. 5. Palaeoscolecid Floraconformis egiinensisgen. et sp. nov., plates (in ventral view) from Khuhtolgoi section, northern Mongolia, Cambrian Stage 3. A. NRM X11516; note the fingerprint-like ornamentation on this plate. B. NRM X11522. C. NRM X11498. D. NRM X11518. E. NRM X11501.

Fig. 4 in New palaeoscolecid plates from the Cambrian Stage 3 of northern Mongolia

Fig. 4. Palaeoscolecid Floraconformis egiinensis gen. et sp. nov., plates (in dorsal view) from Khuhtolgoi section, northern Mongolia, Cambrian Stage 3. A. NRM X11465. B. NRM X11493. C. NRM X11502. D. NRM X11492. E. NRM X11489. F. NRM X11497. G. NRM X11495. H. NRM X11521. I. NRM X11508. J. NRM X11505 in general (J1) and close-up (J2) views; the dashed line in J2 represents the second large elevation delimited from the brim mentioned in the diagnosis. K. NRM X11500. L. NRM X11513. M. NRM X11499. N. NRM X11490. O. NRM X11496. P. MNRM X11491. Q. NRM X11523. R. NRM X11463.

Fig. 3 in New palaeoscolecid plates from the Cambrian Stage 3 of northern Mongolia

Fig. 3. Palaeoscolecid Floraconformis egiinensis gen. et sp. nov., plate from Khuhtolgoi section, northern Mongolia, Cambrian Stage 3. Holotype NRM X11462 in dorsal (A1) and dorso-lateral (A2) views. The white arrow shows the small gap present on few plates, at the bound between inner and outer sides. The black arrow shows small tubercles that are present on the brim, when the outer hyaline layer is preserved.

Fig. 2 in New palaeoscolecid plates from the Cambrian Stage 3 of northern Mongolia

Fig. 2. Schematic drawing of palaeoscolecid Floraconformis egiinensis gen. et sp. nov. plate showing the terminology used, based on specimen NRM X11497; outer (A1) and inner (A2) side.

Fig. 1. A in New palaeoscolecid plates from the Cambrian Stage 3 of northern Mongolia

Fig. 1. A. Map of Mongolia showing location of the studied section. B. Precise location of the section Khuhtolgoi.

Fig. 5 in New artiopodan euarthropods from the Chengjiang fauna (Cambrian, Stage 3) at Malong, Yunnan, China

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Artiopoda showing the placements of Zhugeia acuticaudata, Tonglaiia bispinosa gen. et sp. nov., and Sidneyia malongensis sp. nov. The three new artiopodan species are in bold and asterisked. A–E. Strict consensus trees from parsimony analyses. Bootstrap, jackknife and group present/contradicted supports are placed at the top left, bottom left, and middle right of nodes and are in regular, italics and bold, respectively. Nodal supports are all in percentage, and those of 100 are not shown. Individual trees can be found in the SOM: fig. 1A–D. Results from using implied weighting of characters under various concavity values k. A. k = 3. Note that the result with k = 2 differs from that with k = 3 only in the placement of Neostrabops martini and the relationships between cheloniellids. B. k = 4, 5. C. k = 6–9. D. Results under k = 10, 20 only differ from those under k = 6–9 in the interrelationships of Xandarellida. E. Results from using equal weighting of characters, where concavity value k = ∞. F. 50% majority-rule consensus tree from Bayesian inference under the Mkv + gamma model. Nodal supports represent posterior probabilities in percentage, and those of 100 are not shown.

Fig. 4 in New artiopodan euarthropods from the Chengjiang fauna (Cambrian, Stage 3) at Malong, Yunnan, China

Fig. 4. Artiopodan euarthropod Sidneyia malongensis sp. nov. from the Cambrian Stage 3 Chengjiang fauna at Malong, Yunnan, China; paratype NIGP 200052. A. Whole specimen under high-angle light (A1), under low-angle light (A2), interpretative drawing (A3). B. Thoracic tergites under high-angle light (B1), under low-angle light (B2). C. Abdomen. Abbreviations: as1–as2, abdominal segments; ce, cephalon; e, eye; t1–78, thoracic tergites; tf, tail fluke.

Fig. 3 in New artiopodan euarthropods from the Chengjiang fauna (Cambrian, Stage 3) at Malong, Yunnan, China

Fig. 3. Artiopodan euarthropod Sidneyia malongensis sp. nov. from the Cambrian Stage 3 Chengjiang fauna at Malong, Yunnan, China; holotype NIGP 200051. A. Whole specimen under high-angle light (A1), under low-angle light (A2), interpretative drawing (A3). B. Left eye under high-angle light (B1), under low-angle light (B2). C. Fourth to eighth thoracic tergites. D. Abdomen. Abbreviations: as1–as2, abdominal segments; ce, cephalon; e, eye; t1–t8, thoracic tergites; tf, tail fluke.

Fig. 2 in New artiopodan euarthropods from the Chengjiang fauna (Cambrian, Stage 3) at Malong, Yunnan, China

Fig. 2. Artiopodan euarthropod Tonglaiia bispinosa gen. et sp. nov. from the Cambrian Stage 3 Chengjiang fauna at Malong, Yunnan, China; holotype NIGP 200050. A. Whole specimen under high-angle light (A1), under low-angle light (A2), interpretative drawing (A3). B. Left eye. C. Left cephalic spine. D. Right cephalic spine. E. Right appendage. F. Thoracic tergites (F1) with spines (F2). G. Pygidium. Abbreviations: ap, appendage; ce, cephalon; cs, cephalic spine; e, eye; ml, marginal line around cephalon; pa, pleural angle; py, pygidium; sp, marginal spine; t1–t7, thoracic tergites; ts, terminal spine.

Fig. 78 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 78. Sponge fragments from the lower Cambrian Erkeket Formation, Khorbusuonka River (A–F, H, I, M, N) and Tyuser Formation, lower reaches of the Lena River (G, J–L, O, P), Siberia, Russia; samples 19/10.25 (B–F, M, N), 19/11.75 (A, H, I), and 22/0 (G, J–L, O, P). A–G. Fragments of archaeocyaths, SMNH Sp11519–11525, respectively. H–P. Fragments of possible heteractinid spicules, SMNH Sp11526–11534, respectively. Scale bar: 250 µm (A, C) and 500 µm (B, D–P).

Fig. 77 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 77. Inflated hexactines from the lower Cambrian Erkeket Formation, Khorbusuonka River (A–N) and Tyuser Formation, lower reaches of the Lena River (O–S), Siberia, Russia; samples 19/10.25 (C, D, H, K), 19/11.75 (A, B, E, F, J, L, M), 19/12.75 (G, I), 11/16.05 (N), and 21/21 (O–S). A, B, G–I. Hexactines with smooth tapering rays, SMNH Sp11500–11504, respectively. C–F, J–S. Strongly inflated hexactines with smooth tapering rays, SMNH Sp11505–11518, respectively. Scale bar 500 µm.

Fig. 75 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 75. Heteractinid spicules from the lower Cambrian Erkeket Formation, Khorbusuonka River, Siberia, Russia; samples 19/11.75 (C–I), and 19/12.75 A, B). A–I. Polyactinal spicules with multiple coplanar rays, SMNH Sp11486–11494, respectively. C1, plainview; C2, lateral view. Scale bar: 250 µm A–H) and 500 µm (I).

Fig. 74 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 74. Heteractinid spicules from the lower Cambrian Erkeket Formation, Khorbusuonka River (A–E, G, I, K–Q, V, Y) and Tyuser Formation, lower reaches of the Lena River (F, H, J, U, W, X, Z), Siberia, Russia; samples 11/16.05 (Y), 19/10.25 (E, I, K, L, O–Q), 19/11.75 (A–D, R–T, V), 19/12.75 (G, M, N), 21/21 (U, W, X), and 22/0 (F, H, J, Z). A–H, J, L–P, S. Polyactinal spicules with an axial ray, SMNH Sp11460–11474, respectively. U, W–Y. Inflated polyactinal spicules from the Tommotian Stage, SMNH Sp11475–11478, respectively. I, K, Q, R, T, V, Z. Microcoryne cf. cephalata Bengtson in Bengtson et al., 1990, SMNH Sp11479–11485, respectively. Scale bar: 250 µm (A–J, N, O, Q, R, V, Y, Z) and 500 µm (K–M, P, S, T, U, W, X).

Fig. 72 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 72. Calcareous (dolomitised) spicules from the lower Cambrian Erkeket Formations, Khorbusuonka River, Siberia, Russia; samples 19/4.25 (H, I), 19/5.5 (A, J), 19/8.5 (D), 19/10.25 (C), 19/11.75 (E, G), 19/25.5 (B, F), and 20/1B (K). A–H. Dodecaactinella sp., SMNH Sp11430–11437, respectively. I–K. Sulugurella sp., SMNH Sp11438–11440, respectively. Scale bar 250 µm.

Fig. 71 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 71. Hexactinellid spicules from the lower Cambrian Erkeket (A–F, H–J, L–O) and Yunkyulyabit-Yuryakh (G) formations, Khorbusuonka River and Emyaksin Formation, Bol'shaya Kuonamka River (K), Siberia, Russia; samples 11/18.7 (A–F, H–J, L), 11/16.05 (M, N), 19/107 (G), 20/1B (O), and 6/0.3 K). A–D, H, J. Polyactine siliceous megascleres with acutely tapering slim curved rays, SMNH Sp11424–11429, respectively. E, F, I, M–O. Pentactines and hexactines with thin smooth rays, SMNH Sp11417–11422, respectively. G. Fragment of a pinnular pentactine, SMNH Sp11423. K, L. Abnormisella sp., SMNH Sp11415 (K) and 11416 (L). Scale bar: 250 µm (A–D, H–J, O) and 500 µm (E–G, K–N).

Fig. 73 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 73. Heteractinid spicules from the lower Cambrian Erkeket Formations, Khorbusuonka River, Siberia, Russia; samples 19/10.25 (A–F, I), 19/11.75 (H, J, P, R), and 19/12.75 (G, K–O, Q, S). A–S. Hexaradiate spicules, SMNH Sp11441–11459, respectively. C–E, S, spicules with dissolved internal parts of the rays reminiscent of axial canals. F1, spicule in lateral view; F2, concave side of the spicule with radiating six paratangential rays. H, I, strongly eroded spicules. G, K–S, hexaradiate spicules with accessory rays. Arrow in O points to fused spicules. Arrow in S points to dissolved inner portion of the ray reminiscent of axial canal. Scale bar: 250 µm (C–G, J, M–O, Q, S) and 500 µm (A, B, H, I, K, L, P, R).

Fig. 70 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 70. Spicules of hexactinellid Thoracospongia sp. from the middle Cambrian Yunkyulyabit-Yuryakh Formation, Khorbusuonka River, Siberia, Russia; sample 19/107. A–E. Follipinules with a modified obese axial ray, SMNH Sp11409–Sp11413, respectively. A1, lateral view on the axial ray; A2, four paratangential rays. Scale bar: 125 µm (A) and 250 µm (B–F).

Fig. 76 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 76. Spicules of Nabaviella sp. from the lower Cambrian Erkeket Formation, Khorbusuonka River, Siberia, Russia; samples 20/1B (A) and 19/5.5 (B–D). A. Calcium phosphatic mould of the spicule with the proximal (proximal part of the spicule) shaft and a terminal knob (arrowed in A2) at the opposite surface of the distal disc (distal part of the spicule) consisting of radiating rays (A1), SMNH Sp11495. B. Calcium phosphatic coatings incompletely replicating the proximal surface of the disc with basal parts of the rays and internal axial canal in the spicule, SMNH Sp11496. B1, plain view; B2, lateral view. C. Internal mould of the proximal shaft with terminal proximal swelling (arrow), SMNH Sp11497. D. Calcium phosphatic internal mould of the axial canal and internal cavity of the distal disc and terminal knob (arrowed in D1), SMNH Sp11498. Scale bar: 125 µm (B) and 250 µm (A, C, D).

Fig. 69 in Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia

Fig. 69. Problematic fossils from the lower Cambrian Erkeket Formation, Khorbusuonka River, Siberia, Russia; samples 11/16.1 (K), 19/11.75 (A, I), 19/12.75 (B), 19/16 (D, F, G, H), 19/18 (C, E), and 19/5B (J). A. Tubular diagenetically phosphatised cyanobacterial trichomes, SMNH X11337. B–H. Problematic silicified tubes, SMNH X11338–11344, respectively. H2, enlargement showing presumably initial part of the tube. I. Problematic phosphatized tubes longitudinally merged, SMNH X11345. I1, close-up of I2, showing apertures of the tubes. J. Globula, SMNH X11346. K. Disk-like fossil, SMNH X11347. K1, plain view; K2, lateral view. Scale bar: 500 µm (B–G, H1), 250 µm (I2, J, K), 125 µm (I1), 50 µm (A, H2).