Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 49. Character 71. Basal plate attachment, states 0–2 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 49. Character 71. Basal plate attachment, states 0–2: (0) entirely membranous, loosely attached; (1) completely fused with no mobility; (2) with a functional membranous "hinge".

Fig. 50. Character 75. Thecal pseudoparameres, states 0–3 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 50. Character 75. Thecal pseudoparameres, states 0–3: (0) dorsal of theca, originating closer to theca than its base, always much longer than theca; (1) dorsal of theca, originating near thecal base; (2) entirely lateral of theca, filiform or flat and usually very long; (3) lateral of theca, dorsally fused to near their apices.

Fig. 43. Character 65. Uncal aedeagal restraint, states 0–3 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 43. Character 65. Uncal aedeagal restraint, states 0–3: (0) by tubular encapsulation on ventral surface of uncus; (1) by membrane prior to ventral surface of uncus; (2) by claspers; (3) by apical slit in uncus.

Fig. 36. Character 33. Hind wing anal lobe, states 0 and 1 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 36. Character 33. Hind wing anal lobe, states 0 and 1: (0) broad with vein 3A usually strongly curved at distal end, long and separated from wing margin; (1) narrow with vein 3A tending straight, short and usually adjacent to wing margin.

Fig. 37. Character 38. Male opercula development, states 0–9 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 37. Character 38. Male opercula development, states 0–9: (0) more or less confluent with distal margin of tympanal cavity, well developed towards abdominal midline with sharply rounded apices facing midline, clearly separated; (1) more or less reaching margin of tympanal cavity (rarely beyond), directed towards distomedial margin of tympanal cavity, apically broadly rounded, not meeting; (2) covering rim of distal margin of tympanal cavity, overlapping; (3) distant from lateral margin of tympanal cavity, directed towards distomedial margin of tympanal cavity, apically tapering to a blunt point, inner margin straight, clearly not meeting; (4) tending linear, both outer and inner margins straight or nearly so, distal margin broadly rounded, distally expanded towards midline, reaching distal margin of tympanal cavity or beyond, not meeting; (5) reaching far beyond tympanal cavity to cover some 2⁄ length of abdomen, 3 clearly separated; (6) completely covering tympanal cavity, completely encapsulating meracanthus, not overlapping; (7) nearly triangular, strongly cupped, covering and extending beyond tympanal cavity, completely encapsulating meracanthus, not meeting; (8) narrow, tending parallel-sided, lacking a distinct lateral angle, development towards abdominal midline, short of distal margin of tympanal cavity, far from meeting; (9) lateral margin arising considerably indented from basal extremity, partly encapsulating meracanthus, distal margin nearly straight, never closing tympanal cavity.

Fig. 34. Character 27. Fore wing outer margin, states 0 and 1 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 34. Character 27. Fore wing outer margin, states 0 and 1: (0) developed for its total length; (1) greatly reduced and in part contiguous with ambient vein.

Fig. 45. Character 66. Uncal length, states 0 and 1 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 45. Character 66. Uncal length, states 0 and 1: (0) of moderate proportions, retractable within pygofer; (1) exceedingly long, non-retractable within pygofer.

publicMay 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Chronogram or phylogram for ancestral state estimation? Model-fit statistics indicate the branch lengths underlying a binary character’s evolution: R scripts and simulated trees

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Opsin genes of select treeshrews resolve ancestral character states within Scandentia

Treeshrews are small, squirrel-like mammals in the order Scandentia, which is nested together with Primates and Dermoptera in the superordinal group Euarchonta. They are often described as living fossils, and researchers have long turned to treeshrews as a model or ecological analogue for ancestral primates. A comparative study of colour vision-encoding genes within Scandentia found a derived amino acid substitution in the long-wavelength sensitive opsin gene (OPN1LW) of the Bornean smooth-tailed treeshrew (Dendrogale melanura). The opsin, by inference, is red-shifted by ca. 6 nm with an inferred peak sensitivity of 561 nm. It is tempting to view this trait as a novel visual adaptation; however, the genetic and functional diversity of visual pigments in treeshrews is unresolved outside of Borneo. Here we report gene sequences from the northern smooth-tailed treeshrew (Dendrogale murina) and the Mindanao treeshrew (Tupaia everetti, the senior synonym of Urogale everetti). We found that the opsin genes are under purifying selection and that D. murina shares the same substitution as its congener, a result that distinguishes Dendrogale from other treeshrews, including T. everetti. We discuss the implications of opsin functional variation in light of limited knowledge about the visual ecology of smooth-tailed treeshrews.

opencc-by-4.0May 2021View details →

FIGURE 1 in Paleoclimate and paleoecology of the Upper Oligocene Tehuacán Formation, Puebla State, Mexico, as determined from wood anatomical characters

FIGURE 1. Geographical location of the Tehuacán Fm. in the state of Puebla, Mexico.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2006View details →

Fig. 34. Character 49, pale paracloacal mark. State 1 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)

Fig. 34. Character 49, pale paracloacal mark. State 1, present (degranvillei, AMNH 90880).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2006View details →

Fig. 32. Character 30, tarsal fringe. State 1 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)

Fig. 32. Character 30, tarsal fringe. State 1, present (Megaelosia goeldii, AMNH 103950).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2006View details →

Fig. 38. Character 53, dorsolateral stripe B. State 1 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)

Fig. 38. Character 53, dorsolateral stripe B. State 1, present (femoralis, AMNH 140646).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2011View details →

Fig. 3 in New Tools for Phylogenetic reconstruction using character state trees

Fig. 3: Result of a Camin-Sokal parsimony phylogenetic reconstruction using the data from tab. 2a.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2011View details →

Fig. 2 in New Tools for Phylogenetic reconstruction using character state trees

Fig. 2: Result of a Camin-Sokal parsimony phylogenetic reconstruction using the data from tab. 1.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

nRCFV: A sequence, taxon and character state-normalised metric for the pre-reconstruction evaluation of compositional heterogeneity

Motivation Compositional heterogeneity – when the proportions of nucleotides and amino acids are not broadly similar across the dataset – is a cause of a great number of phylogenetic artefacts. Whilst a variety of methods can identify it post-hoc, few metrics exist to quantify compositional heterogeneity prior to the computationally intensive task of phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Here we assess the efficacy of one such existing, widely used, metric: Relative Composition Frequency Variability (RCFV), using both real and simulated data. Results Our results show that RCFV can be biased by sequence length, the number of taxa, and the number of possible character states within the dataset. However, we also find that missing data does not appear to have an appreciable value on RCFV. We discuss the theory behind this and the consequences of this for the future of the usage of the RCFV value and propose a new metric, nRCFV, which accounts for these biases. Alongside this, we present a new software that easily calculates both RCFV and nRCFV, called nRCFV_Reader. Availability and Implementation nRCFV has been implemented in RCFV_Reader, available at: <a href="https://github.com/JFFleming/RCFV_Reader">https://github.com/JFFleming/RCFV_Reader</a>. Both our simulation and real data are available in this dataset.

Fig. 44. Character 64. Uncal lateral lobes, states 0 and 1 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 44. Character 64. Uncal lateral lobes, states 0 and 1: (0) absent; (1) present.

publicOct 2025View details →

Estimating ancestral states of complex characters: A case study on the evolution of feathers

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicMar 2019View details →

Data from: Opsin genes of select treeshrews resolve ancestral character states within Scandentia

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.