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162 results for “Climatic influence”

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dryad36/100

Climate influence on plant–pollinator interactions in the keystone species Vaccinium myrtillus

Background: Climate change is altering the world's ecosystems through direct effects of climate warming and precipitation changes, but also indirectly through changes in biotic interactions. For instance, climate-driven changes in plant and/or insect communities may alter plant-pollinator interactions, thereby influencing plant reproductive success and ultimately population dynamics of insect-pollinated plants. Methods: To better understand how the importance of insect pollination for plant fruit set varies with climate, we experimentally excluded pollinators from the partly selfing key-stone species Vaccinium myrtillus along elevational gradients in the forest-tundra ecotone in central Norway. The study comprised three mountain areas, seven elevational gradients spanning from the climatically relatively benign birch forest to the colder alpine areas above the tree line, and 180 plots of 1 x 1 m, with experimental treatments allocated randomly to plots within sites. Within the experimental plots we counted the number of flowers of V. myrtillus and counted and weighted all fruits, as well as seeds for a selection of fruits. Results: Excluding pollinators resulted in lower fruit production, as well as reduced fruit and seed mass of Vaccinium myrtillus. In the alpine sites pollinator exclusion resulted in 84 % fewer fruits, 50 % lower fruit weight and 50 % lower seed weight compared to control conditions. Contrary to our expectations, the negative effect of pollinator exclusion was less pronounced in forest compared to alpine sites, suggesting that the importance of insect pollination for seed production is lower at low elevation. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the keystone species Vaccinium myrtillus is relatively robust to changes in the pollinator community in a warmer climate, thereby making it less vulnerable to climate-driven changes in plant-pollinator interactions.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Life-history traits modulate the influence of environmental stressors on biodiversity: the case of fireflies, climate, and artificial light at night

Aim Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an unprecedented stressor recently introduced in the abiotic milieu of natural landscapes. As such, understanding how ALAN and other natural stressors act in concert to shape the spatial distribution of biodiversity is a core goal in conservation ecology. Here, we aim at understanding how ALAN and climate interact with life-history traits and courtship signalling systems to dictate the composition of firefly communities in a global biodiversity hotspot. Location An extensive elevational gradient in the Atlantic Rainforest (Brazil) currently known as the hottest hotspot of fireflies on Earth. Methods We used multivariate species distribution models to understand how species traits and courtship signalling systems interact with climate and ALAN to determine species abundances within firefly communities. We also investigated how species-specific responses to climate and ALAN scale up to determine compositional changes in firefly communities along the elevational gradient. Results We found that climate shapes communities by filtering species according to their body size and trophic position. ALAN dictates the dominant courtship signalling system within communities by affecting the abundance of species that use bioluminescence or a combination of bioluminescence and pheromones in courtship. We also found that associations between beta-diversity and ALAN were non-stationary, being higher in regions under low levels of light pollution. This suggests that even incipient increases in ALAN within protected areas can yield fast changes in the composition of firefly communities. Main Conclusions Firefly responses to climate and ALAN are modulated by traits associated with different facets of their life histories. Given the alarming changes in both stressors predicted for the foreseeable future, our findings indicate that firefly communities are vulnerable to compositional changes even within protected areas. --

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Influences of ski-runs, meadow management and climate on the occupancy of reptiles and amphibians in a high-altitude environment of Italy

Alpine ecosystems harbour a rich and highly-specialized biodiversity which is particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat loss and fragmentation as well as to climate change. Combined with other forms of land-use conversion, construction and maintenance of ski resorts can have severe consequences on alpine biodiversity. In this study, we show how one amphibian and two reptile species, namely Rana temporaria, Zootoca vivipara and Vipera berus, respond to such impacts by means of a multi-season occupancy analysis. We found all three species both in and outside ski-runs, showing that these habitats do not necessarily preclude their occurrence. Contrarily, this is influenced more by microhabitat availability, such as ground vegetation, humid areas, and rock cover, rather than by macro-characteristics like elevation or habitat type. Moreover, we found a climatic influence on the year-to-year occupancy change of the species, with activity-months conditions being more relevant than overwintering ones. Our results demonstrate how, in the specific case of reptiles and amphibians, ski resorts do not necessarily limit species' occurrence and that a mild series of management actions might secure the species' persistence in the area.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Data for Disentangling the influence of phylogeny and traits on climatic risk of European butterflies

R code and dataset associated with Gianuca et al. 2024 "Disentangling the influence of phylogeny and traits on climatic risk of European butterflies", Global Ecology and Biogeography. The data includes climatic risks, traits and Phylogenetic eigenvectors. We provide data and metadata including traits, ecological characteristics and climatic risks for different scenarios of climate change and climate tracking scenarios We provide the phylogeny for 496 European species We provide a prunned phylogeny to facilitate the analysis of the species with available information (268 species) We provide the code to run the analysis as described in the main text

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Figure 1 in Influence of Climatic Factors on the Interannual Changes of Gonadosomatic Index of the Red Mullet Mullus barbatus ponticus in the Coastal Crimean Waters

Figure 1. Scheme of the study area and location of sampling points.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Inter-annual climate variation influences nest initiation date and nest productivity of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker at the northwestern edge of its range

Climate change, including directional shifts in weather averages and extremes and increased inter-annual weather variation, is influencing demograhy and distributions for many bird species. We examined how temperature and precipitation coinciding with multiple nesting seasons affected overall nesting success and productivity for two red-cockaded woodpecker (Dryobates borealis, RCW) populations at the species' northwestern range periphery. We used 26 years of nesting data (1991-2016) from the two RCW populations to determine if inter-annual weather variation has affected nesting pehnology and productivity. We conducted analyses at both broad nesting periods (30 and 60 days before nesting; 40 days overalpping the nesting period up to fledging) and short windows to capture the effects of temperature and precipitation extremes on individual nests. For both RCW populations, warmer early spring temperatures generally advanced nesting and increased clutch size and fledgling number. However, effects of average precipitation varied depending on amount and duration of precipitation in different time periods. At the nest level, temperature and precipitation extremes were unrelated to nest success and loss of nestlings (brood loss). Our results indicate that RCWs are responding to the effects of climate change in various ways, with warming trends having a positive benefit on the species at its northwestern range periphery.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Case study result data set for Energy Systems (submitted) article "Influence of hydrogen import prices on hydropower systems in climate-neutral Europe"

The data set contains result data for the European system in a long term climate-neutral European energy system (scenario year 2050) as described in the publication "Influence of hydrogen import prices on hydropower systems in climate-neutral Europe". The results have been generated with the model SCOPE SD of Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE.  Abbreviations: <ul> <li>BEV - Battery Electric Vehicles</li> <li>CCGT - Combined Cycle Gas Turbine</li> <li>CHP - Combined heat and power</li> <li>con - consumption</li> <li>gen - generation</li> <li>HighCLEQ - High import prices / clustered-equivalent hydropower units</li> <li>HighEQ - High import prices / equivalent hydropower units</li> <li>LowCLEQ - Low import prices / clustered-equivalent hydropower units</li> <li>LowEQ - Low import prices / equivalent hydropower units</li> <li>MedCLEQ - Medium import prices / clustered-equivalent hydropower units</li> <li>MedEQ - Medium import prices / equivalent hydropower units</li> <li>OCGT - Open Cycle Gas Turbine</li> <li>PHEV - Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles</li> <li>PS - Pumped Storage</li> <li>w/ - with</li> <li>w/o - without</li> <li>yr - year</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data from: Climate overrides the influence of microsite conditions on radial growth of the tall multi-stemmed shrub Alnus alnobetula at treeline

Data are documented in the following article: Oberhuber W., A-L. Dobler, T. Heinzle, F. Scandurra, A. Gruber, G. Wieser (2023) Climate overrides the influence of microsite conditions on radial growth of the tall multi-stemmed shrub Alnus alnobetula at treeline. Plants 12, 1708. doi: 10.3390/plants12081708.   Summary: Green alder (Alnus alnobetula), a tall multi-stemmed deciduous shrub characterized by shoots showing arched ascending growth, is widespread at high elevations in the European Central Alps. Its growth form frequently leads to asymmetric radial growth and anomalous growth ring patterns making development of representative ring width series needed for analyzing climate-growth relationships or site-specific growth rates and long-term growth trends quite a challenge. In order to assess the variability among radii of one shoot, among shoots belonging to one individual (=stock) and among individuals, 60 stem discs were sampled at treeline on Mt. Patscherkofel (Tyrol, Austria). Annual increments were measured along 188 radii and analyzed in terms of its variability by applying dendrochronological techniques. Results revealed a high agreement in ring width variation among radii of one shoot, among shoots of one individual and largely among individuals from different sites, which confirms the pronounced limitation of radial stem growth by climate forcing at the alpine treeline. In contrast to this, a high variability in absolute growth rates and long-term growth trends was found among shoots belonging to one individual and among individuals, which we attribute to different microsite conditions and disturbances. These factors also override climate control of radial growth under growth limiting environmental conditions, i.e., the agreement in inter-annual variations of radial growth is directly related to the growth rate. Based on these findings we provide recommendations for the number of samples needed to carry out inter- and intra-annual studies of radial growth in this tall multi-stemmed shrub.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

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