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FIGURE 1 in Cocconeis kurakakea, a new diatom species from Nukutavake (Tuamotu Archipelago, South Pacific): description and comparison with C. diruptoides and C. pseudodiruptoides

FIGURE 1. The Tuamotu Archipelago (South Pacific) with the location of the atoll of Nukutavake. Location of the sample NTV A1.

FIGURES 40–44 in Cocconeis kurakakea, a new diatom species from Nukutavake (Tuamotu Archipelago, South Pacific): description and comparison with C. diruptoides and C. pseudodiruptoides

FIGURES 40–44. Illustrations of several similar taxa discussed in the present paper (e.g., original illustrations and type material illustration). Fig. 40. Cocconeis diruptoides Hustedt original illustration in Hustedt (1933–1959: fig. 810). Fig. 41. Cocconeis diruptoides sensu Giffen (1971: figs 21–22). Fig. 43. Cocconeis pseudodiruptoides Foged original illustration in Foged (1975: pl. 11, figs 8–11). Fig. 44. Cocconeis pseudodiruptoides Foged illustrated from the type slide Pla 62a (in C). Fig. 42. Cocconeis sp. in A. Schmidt (1874–1959: pl. 198, fig. 8). Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 14–20 in Cocconeis kurakakea, a new diatom species from Nukutavake (Tuamotu Archipelago, South Pacific): description and comparison with C. diruptoides and C. pseudodiruptoides

FIGURES 14–20. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis kurakakea: the type population on Nukutavake (sample NTV A1), SV external views. Fig. 14. Entire SV showing (arrowhead) the open SVVC (sternum valve valvocopula). Fig. 15. Corroded valve with the decussate pattern of areolae and a marginal row of longer areolae, also showing the SV sternum with thickenings (arrows). Fig. 16. Entire SV with short marginal striae (arrowheads). Fig. 17. Detail of the SV apex and open SVVC (arrowhead). Fig. 18. Cingulum with 4 open bands (numbered bands). Fig. 19. SV apex and open SVVC (arrowheads). Fig. 20. Corroded SV areolae with remaining hymen edge (arrowhead). Scale bars = 3 μm (14–15), 2 μm (16), 1 μm (17), 400 nm (18–19), 200 nm (20).

FIGURES 21–27 in Cocconeis kurakakea, a new diatom species from Nukutavake (Tuamotu Archipelago, South Pacific): description and comparison with C. diruptoides and C. pseudodiruptoides

FIGURES 21–27. SEM micrographs of Cocconeis kurakakea: the type population on Nukutavake (sample NTV A1), SV internal views. Fig. 21. Entire SV with SV sternum thickenings and decussate areola pattern with oblong foramina. Fig. 22. SV valvocopula (SVVC) partially detached (arrow). Fig. 23. Open SVVC without fimbriae (arrow). Fig. 24. Apex with the SVVC irregular edge lying on the virgae (arrow). Fig. 25. SV margin with sort of funnel (arrow) opening by pores (arrowhead). Fig. 26. Areolae, internal oblong foramina (arrow), and hymenes located on the valve face (arrowhead). Fig. 27. SVVC open (arrowheads). Scale bars = 3 μm (22–23) 2 μm (21), 700 nm (27), 600 nm (24), 400 nm (25), 300 nm (26).

FIGURES 42–45 in Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Bacillariophyceae) re-examination and typification

FIGURES 42–45. Cocconeis scutellum cf. var. parva (Tahiti Island). SEM. Group of specimens epiphytic on a macroalga. Figs 42–45. External view of SV areola hymenes in external view (43), internal view of specimens of the same group with RVVC (raphe valve valvocopula) fimbriae with papillae composed of cupules (44–45 arrowhead). Scale bars = 8 μm (Fig. 42), 600 nm (Fig. 44), 500 nm (Fig. 45), 300 nm (Fig. 43).

FIGURES 17–25 in Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Bacillariophyceae) re-examination and typification

FIGURES 17–25. Cocconeis scutellum var. parva epitype (Rodrigues Island). LM. Figs 17–25. SV views (17–19), RV views (20–22), SVVC (sternum valve valvocopula) (23), teratologic forms (24–25). Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 33–41 in Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Bacillariophyceae) re-examination and typification

FIGURES 33–41. Cocconeis scutellum cf. var. parva (Tahiti Island). LM. Figs 33–41. Entire frustule (33), both valves detached (34), SVVC (sternum valve valvocopula 35), SV views (36–38), RV views (39–41). Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 8–16 in Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Bacillariophyceae) re-examination and typification

FIGURES 8–16. Albert Grunow collection, slide no. 1035 housed in W (8); Cocconeis scutellum f. parva RV (9–12), note the marginal rim and the RVVC fimbriae (10, 12); C. scutellum f. parva SV (13–16). Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 46–51 in Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Bacillariophyceae) re-examination and typification

FIGURES 46–51. Cocconeis scutellum cf. var. parva (Tahiti Island). SEM. Figs 46–51. SV in external view (46), RV in internal view with the RVVC (Raphe valve valvocopula) still in place (47), RV in external view (48), RVVC fimbriae in advalvar view with papillae with crater-like ornamentations (49–50 arrowheads), SVVC (Sternum valve valvocopula) still in place with digitate fimbriae (51 arrowhead). Scale bars = 3 μm (Figs 46–48, 51), 400 nm (Figs 49–50).

FIGURES 1–7 in Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Bacillariophyceae) re-examination and typification

FIGURES 1–7. Published drawings of: Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenberg (1838: 194, pl. 14: fig. 8/1–4, reproduced in Fig. 1; Van Heurck 1880–1885, pl. 29, figs 1–2, reproduced in Figs 2–3); Cocconeis scutellum f. parva Grunow in Van Heurck 1880–1885 (pl. 29, figs 8–9, reproduced in Figs 4–5: Reproduction of original sketches drawn by Grunow (Grunow's 'Bilder-Sammlung', Acqu. 1901/3604); C. scutellum var. parva Grunow (illustrated in Peragallo & Peragallo 1897–1908, pl. 4, figs 3, reproduced in Figs 6–7). Scale bars = 20 μm.

FIGURES 26–32 in Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Bacillariophyceae) re-examination and typification

FIGURES 26–32. Cocconeis scutellum var. parva epitype (Rodrigues Island). SEM. Figs 26–32. SV external view (26), with the advalvar side of the SVVC (Sternum valve valvocopula) fimbriae with undulating basis (26 arrow); RV internal view with the RVVC (Raphe valve valvocopula) still in place (28); SV internal view (27), with the SVVC digit fimbriae in abvalvar view; RV external view (29), with the marginal rim (29 arrowhead); SV areola hymenes with radial slits arranged by sectors and median part with dots (30 external view); RV areola hymenes with marginal radial slits (31 external view); RVVC in abvalvar view, with oblong papillae with transverse furrows (32) and a bump (32 arrowhead). Scale bars = 4 μm (Figs 26, 28–29), 700 nm (Fig. 27), 400 nm (Fig. 32), 300 nm (Fig. 30), 200 nm (Fig. 31).

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FIGURES 95–108. Figs. 95–96. Cocconeis thalassiana. Fig. 95. SEM raphe–sternum valve. Fig. 96 in Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) From Artificial Substrates And Sediments In The Caribbean Sea Off Yucatan, Mexico

FIGURES 95–108. Figs. 95–96. Cocconeis thalassiana. Fig. 95. SEM raphe–sternum valve. Fig. 96. LM sternum valve. Fig. 97 C. lineata. Fig. 98. C. scutellum var. minutissima. Fig. 99, 100, 103–104. C. disculus. Fig. 101. C. placentula var. euglypta. Fig. 102. C. angularipunctata. Fig. 103. SEM valve view. Fig. 104. LM valve view. Fig. 106. C. sovereignii, LM frustule in girdle view. Fig. 107. C. peltoides, SEM internal view. Fig. 108. C. pseudomarginata. Scale bar: figs. 97–104, 106–108 = 1 μm, figs. 95–96 = 10 μm.

FIGURE 58 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURE 58. Location of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Brazil (♦), Sawa Lake, Iraq (▲), Napuka Atoll, Tuamatu Archipelago (●) and Florida Bay, USA (■).

FIGURES 27–32. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. 27, 28, 30 TEM. 29, 31, 32 SEM. 27. Raphe valve whit valvocopula attached. 28 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 27–32. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. 27, 28, 30 TEM. 29, 31, 32 SEM. 27. Raphe valve whit valvocopula attached. 28. Detail of fimbriae coinciding with each interstria. 29. Raphe valve with valvocopula attached. Note the valvocopula open. 30. Detail of long fimbriae of unequal length and shape. 31, 32. Internal view of the sternum valve with valvocopula of raphe valve attached. Scale bars = 0.5 μm (Fig. 28), 1 μm (Figs 29–32), 2 μm (Fig. 27).

FIGURES 39–44 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 39–44. Cocconeis sawensis, type material from Iraq. LM. 39–41. Sternum valves. 42–44 Raphe valves. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 54–57 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 54–57. Cocconeis sawensis recorded in Florida Bay SEM (images provided by Dr. Thomas Frankovich). Scale bars = 2 μm (Fig. 54), 5 μm (Figs 55,56), 1 μm (Fig. 57).

FIGURES 13–20. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. Raphe valves. 13–18. SEM. 19, 20. TEM. 13, 15 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 13–20. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. Raphe valves. 13–18. SEM. 19, 20. TEM. 13, 15. External view of the valve. 14. Internal view of the valve showing an irregular and raised marginal rim. 16, 17. Detail of the internal valves ends. Note raphe lying in a very narrow raised axial area and distal raphe ending a small helictoglossae. 18. Detail of the central area round and slightly raised with raphe endings deflected in opposite directions. 19. Valve. 20. Detail of hymenes occluding areolae with radial perforations. Scale bars = 200 nm (Fig. 20), 1 μm (Figs 16–18), 2 μm (Figs 13, 14, 15, 19).

FIGURES 7–12. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. Sternum valves. 7–11. SEM. 12. TEM. 7, 8 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 7–12. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. Sternum valves. 7–11. SEM. 12. TEM. 7, 8. Epiphytic on Cladophora sp. 8. Note valve convexity, slightly concave along the axial area. 9, 10. External view showing the narrow sternum. 11. Internal view. Detail of the sternum thickened and raised. 12. Valve. Scale bars = 2 μm (Figs 9, 12), 5 μm (Figs 8, 10, 11), 10 μm (Fig. 7).

FIGURES 1–6 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 1–6. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. LM. 1–3. Sternum valves. 4–6. Raphe valves. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 21–26. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. 21–23, 25 SEM. 24, 26. TEM. 21 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 21–26. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. 21–23, 25 SEM. 24, 26. TEM. 21. Internal view of the raphe valve showing valvocopula of sternum valve attached. 22, 23, 26. Detail of the short fimbriae, triangle-like. 24. Open valvocopula of sternum valve. 25. Open frustule apices showing sternum valve valvocopula. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 22, 23, 25, 26), 2 μm (Fig. 24), 5 μm (Fig. 21).