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FIGURE 11. a – c in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 11. a – c: Antalis agilis (Sars M. in Sars G. O., 1872), samples BC 04 (a) and BC 72 (b – c), scale bars: 5 mm (a), 0.2 mm (b, posterior aperture), 1 mm (c, anterior aperture); d – f: Entalina tetragona (Brocchi, 1814), sample BC 72, scale bars: 2 mm (d), 0.1 mm (e, posterior aperture), 0.5 mm (f, anterior aperture); g: Cadulus subfusiformis (Sars M., 1865), sample BC 52, scale bar 0.5 mm; h – k: Propilidium exiguum (Thompson, 1844), sample BC 66, scale bars: 1 mm (h – i), 0.1 mm (j – k, protoconch); l – n: Emarginula adriatica (Costa O. G., 1830), sample BC 72, scale bars: 2 mm (l – m), 0.1 mm (n, protoconch); o – q: Emarginula multistriata Jeffreys, 1882, sample BC 70, scale bars: 1 mm (o – p), 0.1 mm (q, protoconch); r – t: Emarginula tenera Locard, 1982, sample BC 71, scale bars: 1 mm (r – s), 0.1 mm (t, protoconch).

FIGURE 10. a – c in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 10. a – c: Allogramma formosa (Jeffreys, 1882); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 2 mm (a – b), 0.1 mm (c, prodissoconch); d – e: Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839); LV, sample BC 72, scale bar 1 mm; f – h: Cuspidaria lamellosa (Sars G. O. ex Sars M., 1872); RV (f, h) and LV (g), sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (f – g), 0.1 mm (h, prodissoconch); i – k: Cuspidaria rostrata (Spengler, 1793); RV, samples BC 66 (i – j) and BC 72 (k), scale bars: 5 mm (i – j), 0.1 mm (k, prodissoconch); l – n: Tropidomya abbreviata (Forbes, 1843); LV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 5 mm (m), 2 mm (l, juvenile), 0.1 mm (n, prodissoconch); o – q: Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1835); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars 2 mm (o – p), 0.1 mm (q, prodissoconch).

FIGURE 9. a – d in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 9. a – d: Kelliella miliaris (Philippi, 1844); RV (a, c) and LV (b, d), sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (a – c), 0.1 mm (d, prodissoconch); e – f: Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus, 1767); RV, sample BC 70, scale bar 5 mm; g – i: Xylophaga dorsalis (Turton, 1819); RV, samples BC 66 (h – i) and BC 72 (g), scale bars: 0.5 mm (g – h), 0.1 mm (i, prodissoconch); j – l: Panacca loveni (Jeffreys, 1882); LV, samples BC 70 (j – k) and BC 05 (l), scale bars 10 mm (j – k), 0.1 mm (l, prodissoconch); m – o: Panacca? sp.; RV (m, n) and LV (o), sample BC 72, scale bars: 5 mm (m – n), 0.1 mm (o, prodissoconch; the arrow points at the ventral sinuation).

FIGURE 8. a – c in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 8. a – c: Montacuta substriata (Montagu, 1808); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (a – b), 0.1 mm (c, prodissoconch); d – f: Tellimya tenella (Lovén, 1846); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (d – e), 0.1 mm (f, prodissoconch); g – i: Kurtiella cf. tumidula (Jeffreys, 1866); RV, sample BC 67, scale bars: 0.5 mm (g – h), 0.1 mm (i, prodissoconch); j – m: Parvicardium minimum (Philippi, 1836); RV (j, m) and LV (k), sample BC 71, scale bars: 1 mm (j – k), 0.1 mm (l, prodissoconch), 0.02 mm (m, P – 1 detail); n – p: Abra longicallus (Scacchi, 1835); LV, sample BC 70, scale bars: 5 mm (n – o), 0.1 mm (p, prodissoconch).

FIGURE 3. a – c in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 3. a – c: Yoldiella nana (Sars M., 1865); RV (b, c) and LV (a), sample BC 72, scale bars: 0.5 mm (a – b), 0.1 mm (c, prodissoconch); d – f: Yoldiella philippiana (Nyst, 1844); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (d – e), 0.1 mm (f, prodissoconch); g – i: Yoldiella striolata (Brugnone, 1876); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (g – h), 0.1 mm (i, prodissoconch); j – m: Asperarca nodulosa (Müller, 1776); LV, sample BC 11, scale bars: 5 mm (j – k), 1 mm (l, juvenile), 0.1 mm (m, prodissoconch).

FIGURE 7. a – c in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 7. a – c: Axinulus alleni (Carrozza, 1981); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (a – b), 0.1 mm (c, prodissoconch); d – f: Thyasira flexuosa (Montagu, 1803); RV (e, f) and LV (d), sample BC 72, scale bars: 2 mm (d – e), 0.1 mm (f, prodissoconch); g – i: Genaxinus eumyarius (Sars M., 1870); RV (h, i) and LV (g), sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (g – h), 0.1 mm (I, prodissoconch); j – l: Leptaxinus subovatus (Jeffreys, 1881); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (j – k), 0.1 mm (l, prodissoconch); m – o: Mendicula ferruginosa (Forbes, 1844); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (m – n), 0.1 mm (o, prodissoconch).

FIGURE 2. a – b in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 2. a – b: Nucula sulcata Bronn, 1831; RV, sample BC 06, scale bar: 5 mm; c – e: Ennucula aegeensis (Forbes, 1844); RV (c, e) and LV (d), sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (c – d), 0.1 mm (e, prodissoconch); f – h: Ledella messanensis (Jeffreys, 1870); LV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (f – g), 0.1 mm (h, prodissoconch); i – k: Malletia obtusa (Sars M. in Sars G. O., 1872); RV (j, k) and LV (i), samples BC 72 (i) and BC 71 (j – k), scale bars: 2 mm (i – j), 0.1 mm (k, prodissoconch); l – n: Pristigloma minima (Seguenza, 1877); RV (m) and LV (l, n), sample BC 72, scale bars: 0.5 mm (l – m), 0.1 mm (n, prodissoconch); o – q: Yoldiella lucida (Lovén, 1846); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (o – p), 0.1 mm (q, prodissoconch).

FIGURE 6. a – c in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 6. a – c: Spondylus gussonii Costa, 1830; LV, samples BC 11 (a – b) and BC 71 (c), scale bars: 5 mm (a – b), 0.1 mm (c, prodissoconch); d – g: Heteranomia squamula (Linnaeus, 1758); LV, samples BC 11 (d – e) and BC 72 (f – g), scale bars: 5 mm (d – e), 0.5 mm (f, juvenile), 0.1 mm (g, prodissoconch); h – j: Limaria loscombi (Sowerby G. B. I, 1823); RV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 2 mm (h – i), 0.1 mm (j, prodissoconch); k – m: Limatula subauriculata Montagu, 1808; RV (k, m) and LV (l), samples BC 71 (k, m) and BC 72 (l), scale bars: 1 mm (k – l), 0.1 mm (m, prodissoconch); n – p: Limea crassa (Forbes, 1844); RV (o) and LV (n, p), samples BC 71 (n, p) and BC 72 (o), scale bars: 1 mm (n – o), 0.1 mm (p, prodissoconch).

FIGURE 5. a – d in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 5. a – d: Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791); RV (a, c, d) and LV (b), sample BC 72, scale bars: 5 mm (a – b), 1 mm (c, juvenile), 0.1 mm (d, prodissoconch); e – g: Parvamussium fenestratum (Forbes, 1844); LV, samples BC 70 (e – f) and BC 72 (g), scale bars: 5 mm (e – f), 0.1 mm (g, prodissoconch); h – l: Cyclopecten hoskynsi (Forbes, 1844); RV (h, i, l) and LV (j, k), sample BC 72, scale bars: 5 mm (h – k), 0.1 mm (l, prodissoconch); m – o: Similipecten similis (Laskey, 1811); RV (n, o) and LV (m), sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (m – n), 0.05 mm (o, prodissoconch).

FIGURE 4. a – c in Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy)

FIGURE 4. a – c: Bathyarca pectunculoides (Scacchi, 1835); RV (a, b) and LV (c), sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (a – b), 0.1 mm (c, prodissoconch); d – f: Bathyarca philippiana (Nyst, 1848); LV, sample BC 04, scale bars: 2 mm (d – e), 0.1 mm (f, prodissoconch); g – i: Dacrydium hyalinum (Monterosato, 1875); LV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (g – h), 0.1 mm (i, prodissoconch); j – m: Pseudamussium peslutrae? (Linnaeus, 1771); LV, sample BC 67, scale bars: 2 mm (j – k), 0.1 mm (l, prodissoconch), 0.05 mm (m, P – 1 detail); n – q: Karnekampia sulcata (Müller, 1776); RV (o – q) and LV (n), sample BC 72, scale bars: 5 mm (n – p), 0.1 mm (q, prodissoconch).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Heat wave and cold snap event library under various technical choices for NERC subregions in the conterminous U.S. (1980 - 2024)

This Extreme Thermal Event Library provides comprehensive records of heat wave and cold snap events from 1980 to 2024, aggregated at the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) subregion level for the conterminous United States. A map of NERC subregions with county-level mean temperatures is included in the file 'NERC_subregions_with_mean_temperature.tif'. The heat wave and cold snap events were identified using temperature data simulated by the Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) model. The raw TGW hourly temperature data (at a 12-km resolution) was aggregated to the county level using spatial averaging within county boundaries. Daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures were then derived from the hourly surface air temperature data for each county. Subsequently, the county-level daily temperatures were spatially aggregated to the NERC subregion level using three distinct spatial aggregation methods: <ol> <li>Simple Mean (SM): A simple average of county-level temperatures.</li> <li>Area-Weighted Mean (MWA): Weighted by the area of each county.</li> <li>Population-Weighted Mean (MWP): Weighted by the population of each county.</li> </ol> The database includes separate zipped files for each spatial aggregation method: <ul> <li>"heat_wave_library_NERC_average.zip" and "cold_snap_library_NERC_average.zip" contain events based on the SM method.</li> <li>"heat_wave_library_NERC_average_area.zip" and "cold_snap_library_NERC_average_area.zip" contain events based on the MWA method.</li> <li>"heat_wave_library_NERC_average_pop.zip" and "cold_snap_library_NERC_average_pop.zip" contain events based on the MWP method.</li> </ul> Each zipped file includes 12 event libraries, corresponding to 12 different event definitions. Details about these definitions are provided in the file 'Event definitions.docx'.   <h3>Event Library Structure</h3> Each row in an event library represents one detected thermal event. The columns in the library are defined as follows: <ul> <li>start_date: Start date of the event.</li> <li>end_date: End date of the event.</li> <li>centroid_date: The centroid date, calculated as the midpoint between the start and end dates.</li> <li>highest_temperature / lowest_temperature: The highest daily maximum temperature (for heat waves) or lowest daily minimum temperature (for cold snaps), in Kelvin.</li> <li>duration: Duration of the event in days.</li> <li>NERC_ID: Identifier for the NERC subregion.</li> <li>spatial_coverage: The spatial coverage of the event within the NERC subregion, expressed as the percentage of counties experiencing the event relative to the total number of counties in the subregion.</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Supplement A. Wolf et al: 'Western Caucasus regional hydroclimate controlled by cold-season temperature variability since the Last Glacial Maximum'

This repository contains all proxy data presented in A. Wolf et al, "Western Caucasus regional hydroclimate controlled by cold-season temperature variability since the Last Glacial Maximum". The data can be used to replicate figures and analyses presented in the main text. Additionally, data can be accessed in the supplement material and in the data availability statement.

Fig. 14 in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 14. Range chart of all taxa identified to genus or species level that have been described from Calcari a Lucina deposits. Not included are taxa reported by Moroni (1966) that we were not able to revise.

Fig. 13 in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 13. The bivalve Sisonia ultimoi sp. nov. from the Middle Miocene Ca' Cavalmagra seep deposit in northern Italy. A. Left valve (MSF 1280). B. Small right valve (MSF 1265). C. Left valve (MSF 2372). D. Large right valve with severe shell injury (MSF 1278). E. Right valve (MSF 1281). F–G. Articulated specimen with broken posterior end (MSF 2367). H–I. Holotype (MGGC 22330), articulated specimen showing outline of shell. J–K. Paratype, articulated specimen with deformed posterior side, showing the regular commarginal ornament; this specimen preserves the most realistic inflation of all available specimens (MSF 2368). L–M. Articulated specimen (MSF 2369). N–O. Articulated specimen showing fine internal striation (MSF 2370). P–Q. Deformed specimen showing the regular commarginal ornament (MSF 2371).

Fig. 11 in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 11. The lucinid bivalve Miltha? romaniae sp. nov., from the Ca' Cassano seep deposit in northern Italy. A. Paratype (MSF 2345). B. Paratype (MSF 2347). C. Holotype (MSF 2346). D–F. Paratype with well-preserved ventral side (MSF 2362). D. Ventral view showing the slight undulation of the ventral margin. E. Posteroventral surface showing the increasing strength and spacing of the commarginal ribs. F. Close-up on anteroventral surface, showing the fine obliquely tangential thread-like ridges. G. Paratype (MSF 2363), right valve embedded in rock matrix, showing the aams.

Fig. 9. Thyasirid bivalves from Calcari a in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 9. Thyasirid bivalves from Calcari a Lucina seep deposits in northern Italy. A–B. Thyasira sp. 1, Castiglione dei Pepoli (MGGC 22311). C. Thyasira sp. 2, Casola (MGGC 22312). D–E. Channelaxinus? sp., Caselle A (NRM Mo 204840).

Fig. 8. Protobranch bivalves from Calcari a in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 8. Protobranch bivalves from Calcari a Lucina seep deposits in northern Italy. A–D. The nuculid Nucula aff. sulcata Bronn, 1831. A. MSF 2366. B. Right valve from Le Colline (MSF 1212). C. Right valve from Le Colline (MSF 1210). D. Left valve from Ca' Cavalmagra (MSF 1311). E–F. The solemyid Acharax doderleini (Mayer, 1861) from Ca' Fornace erratics. E. External mold of right valve (MSF 2361). F. Internal mold of right valve (MSF 2360).

Fig. 12. Vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene Calcari a in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 12. Vesicomyid bivalves from Miocene Calcari a Lucina seep deposits in northern Italy. A–H. Archivesica strigarum Kiel & Taviani, 2017. A–B. Articulated specimen from Caselle A (NRM Mo 204841). C. Hinge of RV (Caselle A, NRM Mo 204842). D. Hinge of LV (Caselle A, NRM Mo 204843). E. Articulated specimen from Casola showing ligament (MGGC 22325). F. Articulated specimen from Casola, view on RV showing anterior adductor muscle scar (MGGC 22326). G. Internal mold of RV showing muscle scars and pallial line, from Castillon dei Pepoli (MGGC 22323).H. Left valve with shell remains, from Casola (MGGC 22324). I–J. Wareniconcha? sp., external view on articulated specimen from Castel di Casio (MGGC 22329).

Fig. 4. Calliostomatidae Thiele, 1924 in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 4. Calliostomatidae Thiele, 1924 (1847) (Vetigastropoda) from the Calcari a Lucina seep deposits in northern Italy. A–C. Calliostoma sp., Le Colline (MSF 1207). D–F. Calliostoma? sp., Le Colline (MSF 1208).

Fig. 6 in Mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) from Miocene cold-seep deposits in northern Italy: revisions and additions

Fig. 6. Neritimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 and Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960 from the Calcari a Lucina seep deposits in northern Italy. A–B. The phenacolepid (Neritimorpha) Thalassonerita megastoma Moroni, 1966, Le Colline (MSF 1223), internal mold showing columellar muscle scars. C–E. The elachisinid (Caenogastropoda) Laeviphitus sp. C. Small specimen with preserved protoconch, from Ca' Rovereti (NRM Mo 204837). D. Close-up on transition between proto- and teleoconch, from Ca' Rovereti (NRM Mo 204838). E. Tall specimen (MSF 1204) from Le Colline. F–G. Naticidae indet. sp. 1. F. Shell embedded in rock matrix, from Castiglion dei Pepoli (MGGC 22304). G. Operculum (MSF 1218). H. Naticidae indet. sp. 2 from Guzzano (MGGC 22305). I–K. Pisanianura? pusilla Bellardi 1872, from Castel di Casio. I. Specimen with remains of siphonal canal and shell sculpture (MGGC 22306). J. Small, internal mold (MGGC 22307). K. Large specimen with preserved shell (MGGC 22308). L. Semicassis aff. reticulata (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840), Castiglion dei Pepoli (MGGC 22310).