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119 results for “Colletotrichum”
Fig. 5 in Early transcriptional response of terpenoid metabolism to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a resistant wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis
Fig. 5. Heat maps depicting the transcript levels of terpenoid biosynthesis genes from F. nilgerrensis leaf transcriptome in response to C. gloeosporioides. (A) Fifty-six MVA and MEP pathway-associated genes. Annotation of the unigenes by homologous are listed in Table S4. (B) Fifty-nine terpene synthase-like or related genes. Annotation of the unigenes by homologous are listed in Table S5. Average FPKM (n = 2) were log2 transformed. The heatmap was generated by Prism GraphPad version 7.04.
Fig. 3 in Collacyclumines A-D from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum salsolae SCSIO 41021 isolated from the mangrove Kandelia candel
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic assignment of C. salsolae SCSIO 41021 inferred from the maximum likelihood analysis of CAL, GAPDH, GS, ITS and TUB2 nucleotide sequences by running RAxML v.7.0.3. The RAxML bootstrap support values (> 50%) are given at the nodes. Scale bar indicates 0.04 expected changes per site. Accession numbers of nucleotide sequences are provided in PHYTO Table S1.
Fig. 2 in Collacyclumines A-D from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum salsolae SCSIO 41021 isolated from the mangrove Kandelia candel
Fig. 2. Colony appearance and micromorphology of strain SCSIO 41021. A‒B. colony appearance after 7 days at 25 ̊C (MB medium); C‒E. Conidia; F‒G. appressoria. Bars: 10 μm (C–G).
Fig. 7 in Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp.
Fig. 7. Formation of 3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (12) from benzylisothiocyanate (11) in mammals.
Fig. 1 in Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp.
Fig. 1. Formation of isothiocyanates (ITCs) from glucosinolates (GLCs) via Lossen type rearrangement is mediated by myrosinases in plants of the order Brassicales.
Fig. 10 in Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp.
Fig. 10. Proposed pathways for transformation of rapalexin A (1) to N-acetyl-S-(8-methoxy-4H-thiazolo[5,4-b]indol-2-yl)-L-cysteine (5, tR = 7.1 min) and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (9, tR = 3.4 min) mediated by Colletotrichum dematium and C. higginsianum and degradation of 9; two arrows indicate more than one step; square brackets indicate potential intermediate; Ea = electron acceptor.
Fig. 3 in Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp.
Fig. 3. Selected HMBC correlations of N-acetyl-S-(8-methoxy-4H-thiazolo[5,4- b]indol-2-yl)cysteine (5, tR = 7.1 min).
Fig. 2 in Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp.
Fig. 2. Detoxification of the cruciferous phytoalexin brassinin (2) to indolyl-3-methanamine (4) and indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3) by the plant fungal pathogens Alternaria brassicicola (A. b.) and Leptosphaeria maculans (L. m.), respectively.
Fig. 6 in Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp.
Fig. 6. Selected HMBC correlations and rotamers of 4-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (9) (tR = 3.4 min) and proposed decomposition of 9 to 1 and β-mercaptopyruvic acid.
Fig. 9 in Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp.
Fig. 9. Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-3-benzyl-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (12), ethyl 3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (17), 3-benzyl-2- thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (16), and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (9).
Fig. 5 in Unveiling fungal detoxification pathways of the cruciferous phytoalexin rapalexin A: Sequential L-cysteine conjugation, acetylation and oxidative cyclization mediated by Colletotrichum spp.
Fig. 5. Progress curves for formation of compounds with tR = 3.4 min (9) and tR = 7.1 min (5) in cultures of Colletotrichum higginsianum containing rapalexin A (1) (and) or rapalexin A (1) and L-Cys (and).
Data from: Utility of internally transcribed spacer region of rDNA (ITS) and β-tubulin gene sequences to infer genetic diversity and migration patterns of Colletotrichum truncatum infecting Capsicum spp.
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Data from: Host-jump drives rapid and recent ecological speciation of the emergent fungal pathogen Colletotrichum kahawae
Ecological speciation through host-shift has been proposed as a major route for the appearance of novel fungal pathogens. The growing awareness of their negative impact on global economies and public health created an enormous interest in identifying the factors that are most likely to promote their emergence in nature. In this work, a combination of pathological, molecular and geographic data was used to investigate the recent emergence of the fungus Colletotrichum kahawae (Ck). Ck emerged as a specialist pathogen causing Coffee Berry Disease in Coffea arabica, due to its unparalleled adaptation of infecting green coffee berries. Contrary to current hypotheses, our results suggest that a recent host-jump underlay the speciation of Ck from a generalist group of fungi seemingly harmless to coffee berries. We posit that immigrant inviability and a predominantly asexual behavior could have been instrumental in driving speciation by creating pleiotropic interactions between local adaptation and reproductive patterns. Moreover, we estimate that Ck began its diversification at less than 2,200 yrs leaving a very short time frame since the divergence from its sibling lineage (∼5,600 yrs), during which a severe drop in Ck's effective population size occurred. This further supports a scenario of recent introduction and subsequent adaptation to C. arabica. Phylogeographic data revealed low levels of genetic polymorphism but provided the first geographically consistent population structure of Ck, inferring the Angolan population as the most ancestral and the East African populations as the most recently derived. Altogether, these results highlight the significant role of host specialization and asexuality in the emergence of fungal pathogens through ecological speciation.
Figure 1 from: Fadhilah QG, Santoso I, Maryanto AE, Abdullah S, Yasman Y (2021) Evaluation of the antifungal activity of marine actinomycetes isolates against the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum siamense KA: A preliminary study for new antifungal compound discovery. Pharmacia 68(4): 837-843. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e72817
Figure 1 Results of the antibiosis assay of SM14 isolate in PDA filtrate medium. A. control, B. 6 days, C. 9 days, D. 12 days.
Figure 3 from: Fadhilah QG, Santoso I, Maryanto AE, Abdullah S, Yasman Y (2021) Evaluation of the antifungal activity of marine actinomycetes isolates against the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum siamense KA: A preliminary study for new antifungal compound discovery. Pharmacia 68(4): 837-843. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e72817
Figure 3 Phylogenetic analysis of marine actinomycetes isolates. The neighbor-joining tree of the three marine actinomycetes isolates (SM11, SM14, and SM15) was based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Streptomyces albus subsp. albus DSM 40313T is represented as an outgroup. The bootstrap values, based on 1,000 replications, are shown at the nodes; only values above 50% are given. The scale bar indicates 0.0050 substitutions per nucleotide position.
Figure 4 from: Mu T, Zhang Z, Liu R, Liu S, Li Z, Zhang X, Xia J (2021) Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal three species of Colletotrichum in Shandong province, China. MycoKeys 85: 57-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.85.75944
Figure 4 Colletotrichum pandanicola (SAUCC201152) a lesion fruit of host plant b, c surface (b) and reverse (c) sides of colony after incubation for 7 days on PDA d conidiomata e, f conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia g, h conidiophores, conidiogenous cells i–k conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm (e–k).
Figure 2 from: Mu T, Zhang Z, Liu R, Liu S, Li Z, Zhang X, Xia J (2021) Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal three species of Colletotrichum in Shandong province, China. MycoKeys 85: 57-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.85.75944
Figure 2 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (SAUCC201001) a lesion fruit of host plant b, c surface (b) and reverse (c) sides of colony after incubation for 7 days on PDA d conidiomata e conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia f–h conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm (e–h).
Figure 3 from: Mu T, Zhang Z, Liu R, Liu S, Li Z, Zhang X, Xia J (2021) Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal three species of Colletotrichum in Shandong province, China. MycoKeys 85: 57-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.85.75944
Figure 3 Colletotrichum mengyinense (SAUCC200702) a branch with leaves of host plant b, c surface (b) and reverse (c) sides of colony after incubation for 7 days on PDA d conidiomata e-g conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia h–j conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm (e–j).
Figure 1 from: Mu T, Zhang Z, Liu R, Liu S, Li Z, Zhang X, Xia J (2021) Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal three species of Colletotrichum in Shandong province, China. MycoKeys 85: 57-71. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.85.75944
Figure 1 Phylogram of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex based on combined ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT, TUB2, CAL and GS genes. The ML and BI bootstrap support values above 50% and 0.90 BYPP are shown at the first and second position, respectively. Strains marked with "*" are ex-type or ex-epitype. Strains from this study are shown in red. Two branches were shortened to fit the page size-these are indicated by the symbol (//) with an indication number showing how many times they are shortened.
Figure 8 from: Ma X, Nontachaiyapoom S, Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, Zhou S, Qian Y, Wen T, Kang J (2018) Endophytic Colletotrichum species from Dendrobium spp. in China and Northern Thailand. MycoKeys 43: 23-57. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.25081
Figure 8 Colletotrichumfructicola.A Colony B Conidiomata and ascomata C, D Conidiomata E, F Ascomata G–J Conidiophores L Setae M–Q Asci R–V Ascospores Scale bars: 500 µm (B–D), 20 µm (E, F), 5 µm (G–J), 10 µm (L), 10 µm (M–Q), 5 µm (R–V).
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