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82 results for “Community: succession”

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dryad32/100

Gut bacterial community structure shifts in successive generations of Spodoptera exigua under short-term thermal stress

Long-term studies that advance our mechanistic understanding of gut bacterial symbionts of insect hosts in response to the successive generations of short-term thermal stress are lacking. The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua is a notorious agricultural pest worldwide and has often experienced stressful temperature fluctuations in field environments. In this study, 1,795,224 reads and 2,565 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in 23 gut samples of S. exigua fed for five successive generations using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Overall, we identified 618 bacterial genera from 30 phyla, and Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla. <a name="_Hlk98529962"></a><a name="_Hlk98688137"></a>Alpha-diversity of gut microbiome revealed significant differences among these generation treatment groups. We detected the highest bacterial richness and alpha diversity in the fifth generation and the lowest in the first generation under short-term thermal stress.<a name="_Hlk98529975"></a> Beta diversity indicated that the gut microbial community structure of S. exigua in the first generation was significantly different from that of other generations. Finally,<a name="_Hlk98576503"></a> PICRUSt analysis showed that most functional prediction categories were related to RNA processing and modification. Our findings represent the first investigation of the successive generations of short-term thermal stress that can affect the microbial communities associated with lepidopteran insects and broaden our understanding of the ecological adaptation of this species.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Richness, not evenness, of invasive plant species promotes invasion success into native plant communities via selection effects

Native plant communities are often invaded by multiple alien species. It is still unclear how increasing diversity of alien invasive species suppresses the growth of native species and thus contributes to invasion success. In the subtropical monsoon region of Southeast China, we experimentally created a native plant community with 18 herbaceous species. One week later, we let it be invaded by either zero (controls without invasion), one, two, four or eight alien plant species, with either high or low species evenness. After a four-month growth period we harvested the aboveground biomass of each species. We found that increasing invasive species richness significantly increased invasive plant biomass, the biomass of all invasive and native plant species within the community, and invasion success (the ratio of invasive plant biomass to the biomass of all native and invasive plants), but it did not significantly reduce native plant biomass. Experimentally manipulating invasive species evenness did not influence invasion success and did not show any differential suppression effects on native plants. One invasive species, Sesbania cannabina, became dominant in terms of plant biomass, irrespective of its proportion in the alien plant mixtures. Throughout this experiment, effects of invasive species richness on invasion success were mainly due to such selection effects among the invasive species. On the other hand, the unchanged biomass of native species under increasing invasive plant richness suggests the presence of at least partly complementary resource niches between invasive and native species.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Effects of spatial distance and woody plant cover on beta diversity point to dispersal limitation as a driver of community assembly during post-fire succession in a Mediterranean shrubland

Beta diversity, and its components of turnover and nestedness, reflect the processes governing community assembly, such as dispersal limitation or biotic interactions, but it is unclear how they operate at the local scale and how their role changes along post-fire succession. Here, we analyzed the patterns of beta diversity and its components in a herbaceous plant community after fire, and in relation to dispersal ability, in Central Spain. We calculated multiple site beta diversity (βSOR) and its components of turnover (βSIM) and nestedness (βSNE) of all herbaceous plants, or grouped by dispersal syndrome (autochory, anemochory, zoochory), during the first three years after wildfire. We evaluated the relationship between pairwise beta diversity (βsor), and its components (βsim, βsne), and spatial distance or differences in woody plant cover, a proxy of biotic interactions. We found high multiple-site beta diversity dominated by the turnover component. Community dissimilarity increased with spatial distance, driven mostly by the turnover component. Species with less dispersal ability (i. e. autochory) showed a stronger spatial pattern of dissimilarity. Biotic interactions with woody plants contributed less to community dissimilarity, which tended to occur through the nestedness component. These results suggest that dispersal limitation prevails over biotic interactions with woody plants as a driver of local community assembly, even for species with high dispersal ability. These results contribute to our understanding of post-fire community assembly and vegetation dynamics.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Functional traits of both specific alien species and receptive community but not community diversity determined the invasion success under biotic and abiotic conditions

Biodiversity can provide some resistance to alien species in some cases, but not in others. The observed paradoxical results may be related to several reasons, including variations in abiotic and/or biotic conditions, alien species characteristics, and the fact that the species number cannot adequately reflect native community diversity. A comprehensive study that incorporates these elements is lacking. We constructed invasion systems using nine alien plant species and 12 native communities, composed of two diversity levels (three vs. six species), under different nitrogen (N) and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) inoculation conditions. We used this fully crossed factorial experiment, i.e. N (low vs. high) × native community diversity (three vs. six species) × AMF (with vs. without), to systematically explore the invasion success in native communities. We found that the species number of native communities didn't affect invasion success under any of the N or AMF conditions. The effects of N enrichment and AMF inoculation on invasion were not consistent between alien species and native communities based on their phenotypic plasticity of functional traits in response to N enrichment and AMF inoculation. Specifically, the changing of invasion in response to N enrichment and AMF inoculation was associated with the plasticity of plant height and root mass fraction (RMF) that reflects the competitiveness for the acquisition of light and soil resources. Our results that species number did not capture well the resistance of the native community suggested that the simple expression of species richness is not realistic to describe the invasion resistance of the community. Additionally, the association between functional traits of both alien species and native communities and invasion success suggested that changes in competitive advantage and resource acquisition strategy are more important in explaining changes in invasive success in different N and AMF conditions. Future studies are needed to explore invasion success by systematically considering the characteristics of invasive species and the native community, and the specific abiotic and biotic conditions. Using functional traits may help advance our understanding of plant invasion in broad circumstances and shed light on a generalized framework of biological invasion.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

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