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333 results for “Demography”
F I G U R E 1 in Staining protocols affect use of otolith to estimate the demography of the damselfish sergeant major (Abudefduf vaigiensis)
F I G U R E 1 Mark quality in different concentrations of stain in the sagittae, lapilli, and asterisci. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals and letters represent significant differences. Capitalized letters compare across treatments and lower-case letters compare within a treatment.
Monitoring demography of resurrected populations of locally extinct and extant species to investigate drivers of species loss
<p>Extinctions are predicted to rise by an order of magnitude over the next century. Although contemporary documented extinctions are uncommon, local extirpations likely provide hints about global extinction risks. Comparing responses to global change of locally extinct versus extant species pairs in a phylogenetic framework could highlight why certain species are more vulnerable to extinction than others and which anthropogenic changes are most relevant to their decline. As anthropogenic changes likely interact to affect population declines, demographic studies partitioning the effects of multifactorial stressors are needed but remain rare. I examine demographic responses to nitrogen addition and deer herbivory, two major drivers of species losses in grasslands, in experimental reintroductions of fourteen locally extinct and extant confamilial native plants from Michigan prairies. Nitrogen consistently reduces survival, especially in locally extinct species, and growth of locally extinct species benefits less from nitrogen than growth of extant species. Nitrogen reduces population growth rates, largely via reductions in survival. Deer herbivory, meanwhile, had inconsistent effects on vital rates among species and did not affect population growth. Nitrogen and herbivory rarely interacted to affect vital rates. These results link community-level patterns of species loss under nitrogen addition to the population-level processes underlying those losses.</p>
Data from: A hierarchical model for jointly assessing ecological and anthropogenic impacts on animal demography
<p>1. The management of sustainable harvest of animal populations is of great ecological and conservation importance. Development of formal quantitative tools to estimate and mitigate the impacts of harvest on animal populations has positively impacted conservation efforts.</p> <p>2. The vast majority of existing harvest models, however, do not simultaneously estimate ecological and harvest impacts on demographic parameters and population trends. Given that the impacts of ecological drivers are often equal to or greater than the effects of harvest, and can covary with harvest, this disconnect has the potential to lead to flawed inference.</p> <p>3. In this study, we used Bayesian hierarchical models and a 43-year capture-mark-recovery dataset from 404,241 female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) released in the North American midcontinent to estimate mallard demographic parameters. Further, we model the dynamics of waterfowl hunters and habitat, and the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic and ecological processes on mallard demographic parameters.</p> <p>4. We demonstrate that density-dependence, habitat conditions, and harvest can simultaneously impact demographic parameters of female mallards, and discuss implications for existing and future harvest management models.</p> <p>5. Our results demonstrate the importance of controlling for multicollinearity among demographic drivers in harvest management models, and provide evidence for multiple mechanisms that lead to partial compensation of mallard harvest. We provide a novel model structure to assess these relationships that may allow for improved inference and prediction in future iterations of harvest management models across taxa.</p>
Land Salzburg - Demography Municipal Uttendorf
<p>Municipal / Gemeinde Uttendorf: Statistics, demography, age profile-education, attainment-residential, profile-residential, status of employment</p>
Figure 3 in The present status, distribution, demography, and diet of the Dahl's Jird
Figure 3. (a) Habitat; (b) burrow structure; and (c) burrow positioning of M. dahli in the Aralık District (Igďır-Turkey).
Fig. 4 in Population size, demography and diet of the Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801) in the Mesangat Swamp in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 4. Relative dry weight of each prey category found in all 13 samples of stomach lavages from Crocodylus siamensis.
Fig. 1 in Population size, demography and diet of the Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801) in the Mesangat Swamp in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 1. The Mesangat wetland in East Kalimantan (inset: the Mesangat position within Kalimantan). Black – Villages; Black with Red dot – Survey locations; maps modified after © OpenStreetMap).
Fig. 2 in Population size, demography and diet of the Siamese crocodile, Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801) in the Mesangat Swamp in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 2. Code for cut tail scutes on Crocodylus siamensis in Danau Mesangat (modified after Kay, 2004).
Modified Ecosystem Demography (ED2) model with sagebrush (shrub) parameters
<p># Original Ecosystem Demography (ED2) model was developed by Moorcroft et al., 2001 and Medvigy et al., 2009, and team, which is available at github (https://github.com/EDmodel/ED2).</p> <p># This repository contains modified Ecosystem Demography (ED2) model for sagebrush (shrub) PFT. In order to do so we primarily updated ed_params.F90 with additional PFT, which is represented by number '18'. For the initial works, we selected allometrics equations for temperate PFTs in ED2 to develop coefficients (parameters) related to allometric relationships (such as dbh to height , dbh to leaf biomass etc). We used cube root of volume to represent diameter to calculate allometric equations for shrubs, since they do not have clear main trunk like trees. Another source code ed_max_dims.F90 was also changed to update PFT dimensions. </p> <p># This repository also includes namelist (ED2IN) file used to run sensitivity and optimization of sagebrush parameters. </p> <p>References</p> <p>Medvigy, D., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Hollinger, D. Y., and Moorcroft, P. R.: Mechanistic scaling of ecosystemfunction and dynamics in space and time: Ecosystem Demography model version 2, J. Geophys. Res., 114, G01002, doi:10.1029/2008JG000812, 2009.</p> <p>Moorcroft, P. R., Hurtt, G. C., Pacala, S. W.: A method for scaling vegetation dynamics: the Ecosystem Demography model (ED), Ecol. Monogr., 71, 557–586, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071%5b0557:AMFSVD%5d2.0.CO;2">https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0557:AMFSVD]2.0.CO;2</a>, 2001.</p>
Data from: Pathways to global-change effects on biodiversity: New opportunities for dynamically forecasting demography and species interactions
<p>In structured populations, persistence under environmental change is threatened when abiotic factors simultaneously negatively affect survival and reproduction of several life-cycle stages. Such effects can then be exacerbated when species interactions generate reciprocal feedbacks between the demographic rates of the different species. Despite the importance of such demographic feedbacks, forecasts that account for them are severely limited as individual-based data on interacting species are perceived to be essential for such mechanistic forecasting - but are rarely available. This dataset is the input to showcase a state-of-the-art Bayesian method to infer and project stage-specific survival and reproduction from abundance data for several interacting species in a Mediterranean shrub community.</p>
Figure Sets Associated with AJ Publication: "NICMOS Kernel-Phase Interferometry II: Demographis of Nearby Brown Dwarfs"
<p>Images for Figure Sets 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 from the AJ publication "NICMOS Kernel-Phase Interferometry I: Demographis of Nearby Brown Dwarfs" (Currently accepted and in press.). Figure captions and file names are described in their associated README files (inside the bundles).</p> <p>Figure 2 shows survey sensitivity, Figure 3 shows the posterior distributions of our population models, Figure 4 compares our sensitivity and model distributions to the observed population, Figure 6 shows the marginalized population as a function of mass ratio, and Figure 9 shows the results of injecting an additional artificial detection.</p>
Dataset for: The redlegged earth mite draft genome provides new insights into pesticide resistance evolution and demography in its invasive Australian range
<p>Data and analyses for Thia et al. "The redlegged earth mite draft genome provides new insights into pesticide resistance evolution and demography in its invasive Australian range" submitted to <em>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</em>.</p> <p>This repository comprises data and scripts used to replicate the analyses in this paper.</p> <p>The goals of this study were to: (1) assemble a draft reference genome for <em>Halotydeus destructor</em>; (2) perform a comparative analysis of acetylcholinesterase genes among different agricultural arthropod pests; (3) characterise the population genetic patterns among Australian <em>H. destructor</em> populations; and (4) perform demographic modelling to understand the evolutionary relationships between eastern and western populations of <em>H. destructor</em> in Australia.</p>
Assessment of the nesting population demography of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in La Roche Percée: first long-term monitoring in New Caledonia.
<p><span>Population monitoring is essential to assess, manage and protect threatened species. Although the South Pacific loggerhead turtle subpopulation is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN, monitoring data are scarce. </span></p> <p><span>This study reports the results of the first long-term monitoring of the nesting population of loggerhead turtles held by Bwärä Tortues Marines on La Roche Percée beach, New Caledonia. </span><span>From 2006 to 2020, Capture Mark Recapture was used to identify nesting individuals. Time and nesting success were recorded on site.</span></p> <p><span>A total of 452 different females were observed and tagged over 14 years. The number of different nesting individuals observed each year showed a significant increase along the timeframe of the study. A remigration interval of 3.34 years was observed and the overall nesting success was 59.02%. This study also reports the inter-nesting intervals, monthly and hourly variabilities in the visits at the nesting site.</span></p> <p><span>The conservation actions led by Bwärä Tortues Marines seem to be correlated with a higher nesting success. This study provides encouraging results and highlights the need to pursue the monitoring and conservation actions implemented by Bwärä Tortues Marines. Further management recommendations are also provided.</span></p>
Genome sequencing of 2,000 canids advances the understanding of demography, genome function and architecture
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The international Dog10K project aims to sequence and analyze several thousand canine genomes. Incorporating 20x data from 1,987 individuals, including 1,611 dogs (321 breeds), 309 village dogs, 63 wolves and four coyotes, we identify genomic variation across the canid family, setting the stage for detailed studies of domestication, behavior, morphology, disease susceptibility and genome architecture and function.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We report the analysis of >48M single nucleotide, indel, and structural variants spanning the autosomes, X chromosome and mitochondria. We discover more than 75% of variation for 239 sampled breeds. Allele sharing analysis indicates that 94.9% of breeds form monophyletic clusters and 25 major clades. German Shepherd Dogs and related breeds show the highest allele sharing with independent breeds from multiple clades. On average, each breed dog differs from the UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0 reference at 26,960 deletions and 14,034 insertions greater than 50bp, with wolves having 14% more variants. Discovered variants include retrogene insertions from 926 parent genes. To aid functional prioritization, single nucleotide variants were annotated with SnpEff and Zoonomia phyloP constraint scores. Constrained positions were negatively correlated with allele frequency. Finally, the utility of the Dog10K data as an imputation reference panel is assessed, generating high confidence calls across varied genotyping platform densities including for breeds not included in the Dog10K collection.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We have developed a dense dataset of 1,987 sequenced canids that reveals patterns of allele sharing, identifies likely functional variants, informs breed structure, and enables accurate imputation. Dog10K data are publicly available</p>
Demography of the understory herb Heliconia acuminata (Heliconiaceae) in an experimentally fragmented tropical landscape
<p>Habitat fragmentation remains a major focus of research by ecologists decades after being put forward as a threat to the integrity of ecosystems. While studies have documented myriad biotic changes in fragmented landscapes, including the local extinction of species from fragments, the demographic mechanisms underlying these extinctions are rarely known. However, many of them – especially in lowland tropical forests – are thought to be driven by one of two mechanisms: (1) reduced recruitment in fragments resulting from changes in the diversity or abundance of pollinators and seed dispersers or (2) increased rates of individual mortality in fragments due to dramatically altered abiotic conditions, especially near fragment edges. Unfortunately, there have been few tests of these potential mechanisms due to the paucity of long-term and comprehensive demographic data collected in both forest fragments and continuous forest sites. Here we report 11 years (1998-2009) of demographic data from populations of the Amazonian understory herb Heliconia acuminata (LC Rich.) found at Brazil's Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP). The resulting data set comprises >66000 plant×year records of 8586 plants, including 3464 seedlings that became established after the initial census. Seven populations were in experimentally isolated fragments (one in each of four 1-ha fragments and one in each of three 10-ha fragments), with the remaining six populations in continuous forest. Each population was in a 50×100m permanent plot, with the distance between plots ranging from 500 m-60 km. The plants in each plot were censused annually, at which time we recorded, identified, marked, and measured new seedlings, identified any previously marked plants that died, and recorded the size of surviving individuals. Each plot was also surveyed 4-5 times during the flowering season to identify reproductive plants and record the number of inflorescences each produced. These data have been used to investigate topics ranging from the way fragmentation-related reductions in germination influence population dynamics to statistical methods for analyzing reproductive rates. This breadth of prior use reflects the value of these data to future researchers. In addition to analyses of plant responses to habitat fragmentation, these data can be used to address fundamental questions in plant demography, the evolutionary ecology of tropical plants, and for developing and testing demographic models and tools. Though we welcome opportunities to collaborate with interested users, there are no restrictions on the use this data set. However, we do request that those using the data for teaching or research inform us of how they are doing so and cite this paper and the data archive when appropriate. Any publication using the data must also include a BDFFP Technical Series Number in the Acknowledgments. Authors can request this series number upon the acceptance of their article by contacting the BDFFP's Scientific Coordinator or E. M. Bruna.</p>
Predation risk drives long-term shifts in migratory behavior and demography in a large herbivore population
<p>Migration is an adaptive life-history strategy that helps individuals across taxa maximize fitness by obtaining forage and avoiding predation risk. The mechanisms driving migratory changes are poorly understood, and links between migratory behavior, space use, and demographic consequences are rare. Here, we use a nearly 20-year record of individual-based monitoring of elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>) to test hypotheses for changing patterns of migration in a large herbivore, elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>), in and adjacent to a large protected area in Banff National Park (BNP), Canada. We test whether bottom-up (forage quality) or top-down (predation risk) factors explained trends in i) the proportion of individuals using 5 different migratory tactics, ii) differences in survival rates of migratory tactics during migration and whilst on summer ranges, iii) cause-specific mortality by wolves and grizzly bears, and iv) population abundance. We found dramatic shifts in migration consistent with behavioral plasticity in individual choice of annual migratory routes. Shifts were inconsistent with exposure to the bottom-up benefits of migration. Instead, exposure to landscape gradients in predation risk caused by exploitation outside the protected area drove migratory shifts. Carnivore exploitation outside the protected area led to higher survival rates for female elk remaining resident or migrating outside the protected area. Cause-specific mortality aligned with exposure to predation risk along migratory routes and summer ranges. Wolf predation risk was higher on migratory routes than summer ranges of montane-migrant tactics, but wolf predation risk traded-off with heightened risk from grizzly bears on summer ranges. A novel eastern migrant tactic emerged following a large forest fire that enhanced forage in an area with lower predation risk outside of the protected area. The changes in migratory behavior translated to population abundance, where abundance of the montane-migratory tactics declined over time. The presence of diverse migratory life histories maintained a higher total population abundance than would have been the case with one migratory tactic in the population. Our study demonstrates the complex ways in which migratory populations change over time through behavioral plasticity and associated demographic consequences because of individuals balancing predation risk and forage trade-offs.</p>
Assessment of the nesting population demography of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in La Roche Percée: first long-term monitoring in New Caledonia.
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Long-term demography of spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in a lion-depleted but prey-rich ecosystem
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Data from: Were bed bugs the first urban pest insect? Genome-wide patterns of bed bug demography mirror global human expansion
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Predation risk drives long-term shifts in migratory behavior and demography in a large herbivore population
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.