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65 results for “Drought impacts”
Data for: Drought and temperature stresses impact pollen production and autonomous selfing in a California wildflower, Collinsia heterophylla
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Data from: Current and projected cumulative impacts of fire, drought and insects on timber volumes across Canada
Canada's forests are shaped by disturbances such as fire, insect outbreaks and droughts that often overlap in time and space. The resulting cumulative disturbance risks and potential impacts on forests are generally not well accounted for by models used to predict future impacts of disturbances on forest. This study aims at projecting future cumulative effects of four main natural disturbances – fire, mountain pine beetle, spruce budworm and drought - on timber volumes across Canada's forests using an approach that accounts for potential overlap among disturbances. Available predictive models for the four natural disturbances were used to project timber volumes at risk under aggressive climate forcing up to 2100. Projections applied to the current vegetation suggest increases of volumes at risk related to fire, mountain pine beetle and drought over time in many regions of Canada, but a decrease of the volume at risk related to spruce budworm. When disturbance effects are cumulated, important changes in volumes at risk are projected to occur as early as 2011-2041, particularly in central and eastern Canada. In our last simulation period covering 2071 to 2100, nearly all timber volumes in most of Canada's forest regions could be at risk of being affected by at least one of the four natural disturbances considered in our analysis, a six-fold increase relative to the baseline period (1981-2010). Tree species particularly vulnerable to specific disturbances (e.g., trembling aspen to drought) could suffer disproportionate increases in their volume at risk with potential impacts on forest composition. By 2100, estimated wood volumes not considered to be at risk could be lower than current annual timber harvests in central and eastern Canada. Current level of harvesting could thus be difficult to maintain without the implementation of adaptation measures to cope with these disturbances.
Historical changes in drought characteristics and its impact on vegetation cover over Madagascar
<p>The uploaded data represent the results of our research about "Historical changes in drought characteristics and its impact on vegetation cover over Madagascar".</p>
Pastures and climate extremes: Impacts of cool season warming and drought on the productivity of key pasture species in a field experiment
<p>Shifts in the timing, intensity and/or frequency of climate extremes, such as severe drought and heatwaves, can generate sustained shifts in ecosystem function with important ecological and economic impacts for rangelands and managed pastures. The Pastures and Climate Extremes experiment (PACE) in Southeast Australia was designed to investigate the impacts of a severe winter/spring drought (60% rainfall reduction) and, for a subset of species, a factorial combination of drought and elevated temperature (ambient +3 °C) on pasture productivity. The experiment included nine common pasture and Australian rangeland species from three plant functional groups (C<sub>3</sub> grasses, C<sub>4</sub> grasses and legumes) planted in monoculture. Winter/spring drought resulted in productivity declines of 45% on average and up to 74% for the most affected species (<i>Digitaria eriantha</i>) during the 6-month treatment period, with eight of the nine species exhibiting significant yield reductions. Despite considerable variation in species' sensitivity to drought, C<sub>4</sub> grasses were more strongly affected by this treatment than C<sub>3</sub> grasses or legumes. Warming also had negative effects on cool-season productivity, associated at least partially with exceedance of optimum growth temperatures in spring and indirect effects on soil water content. The combination of winter/spring drought and year-round warming resulted in the greatest yield reductions. We identified responses that were either additive such that there was only as significant warming effect under drought (<i>Festuca</i>), or less-than-additive, where there was no drought effect under warming (<i>Medicago</i>), compared to ambient plots. Results from this study highlight the sensitivity of diverse pasture species to increases in winter and spring drought severity similar to those predicted for this region, and that anticipated benefits of cool-season warming are unlikely to be realised. Overall, the substantial negative impacts on productivity suggest that future, warmer, drier climates will result in shortfalls in cool-season forage availability, with profound implications for the livestock industry and natural grazer communities.</p>
How drought events during the last Century have impacted biomass carbon in Amazonian rainforests
<p>Dataset for producing figures in Yao et al, in submission to Global Change Biology</p>
Plant community composition and traits modulate the impacts of drought intensity on soil microbial community composition and function
<p>Terrestrial ecosystems are increasingly threatened by extreme drought events. Soil microbial communities are central to terrestrial ecosystem function via their role in regulating biogeochemical cycling. Consequently, the impact of increasingly intense drought events on soil microbial communities will have knock-on effects for how ecosystems cope with climate change. In an outdoor grassland mesocosm experiment, we determined how increasing drought intensity affects bacterial and fungal community composition, and functioning, during and after drought. We also tested whether plant community resource acquisition strategy (fast- versus slow-strategy plant communities), plant community composition, and plant functional traits mediate soil microbial responses to increasing drought intensity. We found that increasing drought intensity markedly shifted bacterial and fungal community composition, and these effects persisted until the end of the experiment (two months after re-wetting). Bacterial and fungal communities that experienced severe droughts did not return to baseline composition, while those that experienced a mild drought did. Microbial community functioning (potential extracellular enzyme activity) was reduced at peak drought and shortly after re-wetting. While drought intensity effects on bacterial or fungal communities were insensitive to plant community resource acquisition strategy, functional group abundance (aboveground biomass of grass or forb plant species) composition (grass:forb ratio) and leaf traits (leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen concentration) explained significant variation in bacterial and fungal community composition during and after drought. Notably, plant community leaf dry matter content and soil nitrogen were the key factors mediating the effect of increasing drought intensity on microbial indicator taxa (ASVs). We conclude that increasing drought intensity affects grassland soil microbial communities during and after drought, and this impact is influenced by plant community composition and functional traits.</p>
Pastures and climate extremes: Impacts of cool season warming and drought on the productivity of key pasture species in a field experiment
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Data from: Current and projected cumulative impacts of fire, drought and insects on timber volumes across Canada
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Data from: Can frequent precipitation moderate drought impact on peatmoss carbon uptake in northern peatlands?
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Human impacts mediate freshwater invertebrate community responses to and recovery from drought
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Climatic displacement exacerbates the negative impact of drought on plant performance and associated arthropod abundance
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Data for "Drought and Heatwave Impacts on Semi-Arid Ecosystems' Carbon Fluxes along a Precipitation Gradient"
<p>These are flux and meteo data for the measurement sites ES-Abr and ES-LMa for the period from 2016-01-01 to 2019-12-31.</p> <p>These data were used for the publication:</p> <p>El-Madany, et al. (2020) "Drought and Heatwave Impacts on Semi-Arid Ecosystems’ Carbon Fluxes along a Precipitation Gradient" in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.</p> <p>Variables, units and description are found in the ReadmeDataDescription.csv file</p>
Data from: Impacts of drought and nitrogen addition on Calluna-heathlands differ with plant life-history stage
1. Climate change and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) affect the biodiversity patterns and functions of ecosystems worldwide. While many single-factor studies have quantified ecosystem responses to single global change drivers, less is known about the interaction effects of these drivers on ecosystem functions. 2. Here, we present the results of a three-year field and a two-year greenhouse experiment, in which we assessed responses of Calluna vulgaris-heathlands to the single and combined effects of drought events (D) and N fertilisation (D: 25% precipitation reduction in the field experiment and 20-50% soil water content reduction in the greenhouse experiment; N fertilisation: 35 kg N ha−1 yr−1). 3. We examined the effects of D and N treatments on growth responses of the dominant dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris (in terms of biomass production and allocation, tissue δ13C signatures and C:N ratios) in relation to two plant life-history stages and different 'ecotypes' (sub-Atlantic vs. subcontinental heathlands). 4. Plant responses varied strongly with life-history stage, and the interaction of N and D showed lower effects than would be expected based on additive responses to single factors. While D treatments had no effects on Calluna in the building phase (ca. ten-year-old plants), seedlings (particularly one-year-old plants) were highly susceptible to drought. Differences in response patterns were attributable to the high shoot-root ratios typical of young Calluna plants. These ratios decreased with progressing life-history as a result of increasing below-ground biomass investments. Below-ground biomass production and shoot-root ratios differed between plants from the different heathland sites. 5. Tissue δ13C signatures decreased and C:N ratios increased with plant age as a result of decreasing evaporative demands (per unit root biomass). N fertilisation increases the shoot-root ratios and thereby the drought susceptibility of Calluna plants. 6. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that plant responses to global change are difficult to anticipate by means of single-factor studies or by focusing on a single life-history stage. This highlights the need for global change research to include multiple factors and life-history stages when assessing an ecosystem's susceptibility to shifts in environmental conditions.
Data from: Phenotypic biomarkers of climatic impacts on declining insect populations: a key role for decadal drought, thermal buffering and amplification effects and host plant dynamics
1. Widespread population declines have been reported for diverse Mediterranean butterflies over the last three decades, and have been significantly associated to increased global change impacts. The specific landscape and climatic drivers of these declines remain uncertain for most declining species. 2. Here we analyse whether plastic phenotypic traits of a model butterfly species (Pieris napi) perform as reliable biomarkers of vulnerability to extreme temperature impacts in natural populations, showing contrasting trends in thermally exposed and thermally buffered populations. 3. We also examine whether improved descriptions of thermal exposure of insect populations can be achieved by combining multiple information sources (i.e. integrating measurements of habitat thermal buffering, habitat thermal amplification, host plant transpiration, and experimental assessments of thermal death time (TDT), thermal avoidance behaviour (TAB) and thermally induced trait plasticity). These integrative analyses are conducted in two demographically declining and two non-declining populations of P. napi. 4. The results show that plastic phenotypic traits (butterfly body mass and wing size) are reliable biomarkers of population vulnerability to extreme thermal conditions. Butterfly wing size is strongly reduced only in thermally exposed populations during summer drought periods. Lab rearing of these populations documented reduced wing size due to significant negative effects of increased temperatures affecting larval growth. We conclude that these thermal biomarkers are indicative of the population vulnerability to increasing global warming impacts, showing contrasting trends in thermally exposed and buffered populations. 5. Thermal effects in host plant microsites significantly differ between populations, with stressful thermal conditions only effectively ameliorated in mid-elevation populations. In lowland populations we observe a six-fold reduction in vegetation thermal buffering effects, and larval growth occurs in these populations at significantly higher temperatures. Lowland populations show reduced host plant quality (C/N ratio), reduced leaf transpiration rates and complete aboveground plant senescence during the peak of summer drought. Amplified host plant temperatures are observed in open microsites, reaching thermal thresholds that can affect larval survival. 6. Overall, our results suggest that butterfly population vulnerability to long-term drought periods is associated to multiple co-occurring and interrelated ecological factors, including limited vegetation thermal buffering effects at lowland sites, significant drought impacts on host plant transpiration and amplified leaf surface temperature, as well as reduced leaf quality linked to the seasonal advance of plant phenology. Our results also identify multi-annual summer droughts affecting larval growing periods as a key driver of the recently reported butterfly population declines in the Mediterranean biome.
Supplementary material 1 from: Ali HE, Bucher SF, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Römermann C (2023) Biochar application can mitigate the negative impacts of drought in invaded experimental grasslands as shown by a functional traits approach. NeoBiota 89: 239-259. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.89.109244
Supplementary information
Drought impacts on plant-soil carbon allocation — integrating future mean climatic conditions
<p>Raw data of all measured parameters and R code used to analyze the data</p>
Data for JGR - Drought Differently Impacts Vegetation Activity According to the Bedrock Types and Sub-seasons
<p>For peer review purposes only</p>
Cross-scale assessment of the impacts of chronic seasonal drought and episodic typhoons on subtropical montane cloud forests
<p>The data that support the findings of this study.</p>
Data from: Groundwater salinisation intensifies drought impacts in forests and reduces refuge capacity
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Data from: Phenotypic biomarkers of climatic impacts on declining insect populations: a key role for decadal drought, thermal buffering and amplification effects and host plant dynamics
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.