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Fig. 6 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 6. Reconstruction of the ventral wall of the trunk armour of the antiarch placoderm Sherbonaspis talimaae sp. nov., based on BNTU 44/2-1, 44/2-2, 121/20-1, and 158/1-1; upper Emsian of Belarus. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventral lateral plate; MV, median ventral plate; MxL, mixilateral plate; PVL, posterior ventral lateral plate; Sm, semilunar plate.

Fig. 2 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 2. Stratigraphy of the upper Emsian deposits of Belarus and their correlation with the synchronous deposits from the adjacent territories (according to Obukhovskaya et al. 2010). CDF, Central Devonian Field.

Fig. 1 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 1. Map of the location of the borehole sections where the skeletal elements of the antiarch fish Sherbonaspis talimaae sp. nov. were found. Boreholes: 1, Osipovichi 6; 2, Korma 1; 3, Smol'ki 6п.

Fig. 5 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 5. Drawings of the left ventral lateral plates of the antiarch placoderm Sherbonaspis talimaae sp. nov.; upper Emsian of Belarus. A. BNTU 158/1-1 from Smol'ki 6п borehole, in lateral view. B. BNTU 44/2-2 from Osipovichi 6 borehole, in external view. Abbreviations: cf.MV, area overlapping the MV plate; cf.PVL, area overlapping the opposite PVL plate; dc, dorsal corner; oa.AVL, area overlapped by the AVL plate; pdc, posterior dorsal corner; vlr, ventral lateral ridge.

Fig. 4 in A new Early Devonian antiarch placoderm from Belarus, and the phylogeny of Asterolepidoidei

Fig. 4. Drawings of the plates of the antiarch placoderm Sherbonaspis talimaae sp. nov.; upper Emsian of Belarus. A. BNTU 121/20-1, AVL from Korma-1 borehole, plate in external (A1) and internal (A2) view. B. BNTU 44/1-13a from Osipovichi 6 borehole, Pn plate in external view. Abbreviations: adc, anterior dorsal corner; c.al, anterior lateral corner; cf.ADL, area overlapping the ADL plate; cf.MV, area overlapping the MV plate; cf.MxL, area overlapping the MxL plate; cf.Nu, area overlapping the nuchal plate; cf.PVL, area overlapping the PVL plate; cf.Sm, area overlapping the Sm plate; cit1, crista transversalis interna anterior; f.ax, axillary foramen; f.ax1, inner axillary foramen; nm, obtected nuchal area; ifc1, infraorbital sensory line canal; mpg, middle pit-line groove; oa.AVL, area overlapped by the opposite AVL plate; pdc, posterior dorsal corner; pr.br, brachial process; ptc, cephalic division of the main lateral line; ri, ridge on the visceral surface of the AVL plate; soa, subobstantic margin; vlr, ventral lateral ridge.

Figure 1 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 1. Map of Victoria, Australia, showing the fossil locations within the Melbourne Zone. Location 1. Yea, Ghin Ghin Road, Limestone Road (37° 12.38' S, 145° 25.39' E). Location 2. Matlock, Frenchmans Spur (37° 25.82' S, 146° 77.24' E.), the type location of Salopella australis and S. caespitosa (Tims and Chambers, 1984). Source: adapted from Moore et al. (1998: fig. 2).

Figure 2. Salopella australis displaying parallel parent axes dichotomising into much shorter daughter axes that are terminated with elongate sporangia, delineated with a in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 2. Salopella australis displaying parallel parent axes dichotomising into much shorter daughter axes that are terminated with elongate sporangia, delineated with a constriction just above dark sporogeneous region. All from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, erect parent axes parallel to each other, dichotomising into two elongate sporangia from Wilson Creek Shale. Re-photographed here; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 32, fig. 4) and Tims (1980: fig. 4.1.9). Specimen NMV P50014. B, forked dichotomy terminated by sporangia from Wilson Creek Shale. And to the right hand side of the forked axis is another long axis, which based on its orientation may also be part of the same plant. Constriction at arrow, lower arrow at dichotomy and double arrow at two aligned axes. Specimen NMV P33219. C, close-up of fructification in A, sporangia barely extend beyond the confines of their subtending axes, with slight constriction present above sporogeneous region (at arrow). Specimen NMV P50014. D, E, holotype, part and counterpart. On part, constriction at arrow in sporangium. On counterpart, both parent axes are parallel to each other (at dotted arrow). Re-photographed here, originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 32, figs. 1, 2). Specimens NMV P50008.1 and NMV P50008.2, respectively. F, Gen. et sp. indet. – short daughter axes terminated in elongate sporangia. The cortex may be absent from subtending axes, with only the central line visible. The lack of cortex prevents assigning to S. australis as width of subtending axis to sporangial width is required. Originally photographed by Tims (1980: fig. 4.1.13). Specimen NMV P50010.2. G, S. australis, with two short daughter axes, with constriction at arrow of the sporangium, which is the same width as its subtending axis. Specimen NMV P202886.

Figure 6 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 6. Line-drawings of Victorian early land plants with longer than wider sporangia. A, Salopella australis from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, near Matlock. Specimen NMV P50014.B, Gen. et sp. indet. from Limestone Road, Yea. Originally placed in S. australis but branching architecture clearly differs. Specimen NMV P157323. C, Salopella laidae sp. nov. from Limestone Road, Yea. NMV P50011. D, Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, near Matlock. Specimen NMV P202987. E, Salopella caespitosa from Ghin Ghin Road, Yea. Specimen NMV P235941.

Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 4. Salopella caespitosa NMV P235941 from Devil's Elbow on Ghin Ghin Road, northwest of Yea. A, overview of whole specimen. NMV P235941.1. B, arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval presumed sporogenous body of sporangium four, and the subtending axis to sporangium four pinches slightly about 1 mm below the sporangium. Lower arrow at region where subtending axis is continuous with sporangial wall and upper arrow shows extent of sporangial body of sporangium three. Note, for both sporangia, the distal parts appear to be hidden in the matrix. NMV P235941.2. C, lower arrow (Vt) at vascular trace entering base of oval sporogenous body, with upper arrow at distal extent of sporogenous body on sporangium two on the counterpart. Note, no longitudinally oblique striations are evident in upper half of sporangium but are evident on the part specimen. NMV P235941.2. D, sporangium two at arrow longitudinal oblique striations on the upper half of the sporangium. NMV P235941.1. E, close-up of parent axis with longitudinal striations. NMV P235941.1.

Figure 3 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 3. Salopella caespitosa (holotype) from Wilson Creek Shale on Frenchmans Spur track, 10 km west of Matlock. A, B, part (NMV P202987.1) and counterpart (NMV P202987.2), respectively; numbering follows Tims and Chambers (1984, pl. 33, fig. 1). Counterpart images are reversed to be in the same orientation as the part specimen. A, on right-hand side of part specimen, double isotomous dichotomies lead to sporangia one–seven. Note, at the arrows, there is perpendicular branching that is suggestive of a rhizomatous system. C, sporangium 12; at the arrow there is another axis that is terminated in a sporangium that is partially visible. Specimen NMV P202987.1. D–F, Evidence of a slight constriction beneath sporangia at arrows. D, sporangia eight and nine (on the left). Widest part of each sporangium occurring approximately midway along their length. Note, rephotographed; originally published in Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 34, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.1. E, sporangium 22 is c. 4.06 mm long and 1.4 mm wide. The axis decreases from 1.2 mm proximally to 0.5 mm just beneath the sporangium. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. F, sporangia four (right) and five, both sporangia are slightly wider in the lower quarter of each sporangia. Specimen = NMV P202987.2. G, sporangium 22, appears to be two immature sporangia juxtaposed. At arrow, the apex (rounded) of the smaller fusiform sporangium is apparent. Specimen NMV P202987.1. H, sporangium two, lower arrow at walls surrounding presumed oval sporogeneous area, which reaches approximately halfway the length of the sporangium to the upper arrow. Specimen NMV P202987.1. I, sporangium 13, arrows at walls surrounding sporangeneous area and upper arrow showing extent of oval sporogenous body. The walls does not recombine apically like in sporangium two, suggesting it may have been crushed, or hidden, beneath the matrix. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers (1984: pl. 33, fig. 3). Specimen NMV P202987.2.

Figure 5 in Early land plants from the Lower Devonian of central Victoria, Australia, including a new species of Salopella

Figure 5. Salopella laidae sp. nov. (holotype) NMV P50011.1 and NMV P50011.2, part and counterpart, respectively, with counterpart reversed to be in the same orientation as part specimen. From location 4 (Brackley's cutting) on Limestone Road, Yea. A, double isotomous dichotomy visible, terminated with eight elongate sporangia, five visible. At lower arrow central line and at F, folding of tissue. On sporangium seven?sporogenous region highlighted. Rephotographed; originally figured by Tims and Chambers, 1984: pl. 32, fig. 3 and text-fig. 2C. B, arrow at daughter axis missing on part present.

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Text-fig. 1. Restoration of Crinobrachiatus brachiatus (HALL), a crinoid probably related to Simakocrinus, in semi-recumbent orientation. Cirri are depicted on one side of column only. Scale bar is 1 cm. (After Eckert and Brett, 1985). in Simakocrinus Gen. Nov. (Crinoidea, Col.) From The Bohemian Early And Middle Devonian Of The Barrandian Area (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 1. Restoration of Crinobrachiatus brachiatus (HALL), a crinoid probably related to Simakocrinus, in semi-recumbent orientation. Cirri are depicted on one side of column only. Scale bar is 1 cm. (After Eckert and Brett, 1985).

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Text-fig. 1. Location of the localities Praha-Holyně, Praha-Barrandov and Praha-Hlubočepy (asterisk). in Baficrinus Gen. Nov. (Crinoidea, Inadunata) From The Bohemian Early Devonian (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 1. Location of the localities Praha-Holyně, Praha-Barrandov and Praha-Hlubočepy (asterisk).

Fig. 5. Medusozoan cnidarian Sphenothallus sica Salter, 1856 in Clonal colony in the Early Devonian cnidarian Sphenothallus from Brazil

Fig. 5. Medusozoan cnidarian Sphenothallus sica Salter, 1856 (DNPM 329) from the Early Devonian Ponta Grossa Formation, Paraná State, southern Brazil. A1, marginal daughter tubes 5 and 6 (black arrows) and the isolated guyot-like feature (white arrow) between them; A2, side view of the guyotlike basal portion of marginal daughter tube 4 (arrow); A3, detail of daughter tubes 6 and 8, arrows indicate places where compaction has caused the intact marginal thickenings to appear as narrow, levee-like berms. Scale bars: A1, A2, 500 μm; A3, 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Medusozoan cnidarian Sphenothallus sica Salter, 1856 in Clonal colony in the Early Devonian cnidarian Sphenothallus from Brazil

Fig. 4. Medusozoan cnidarian Sphenothallus sica Salter, 1856 (DNPM 329) from the Early Devonian Ponta Grossa Formation, Paraná State, southern Brazil. The numbers 1–16 indicate the evident, marginal daughter tubes, while the letter P indicates the parent tube. A. Reproduction of Clarke's (1913) drawing. B. Light photographs. B1, general view; 17?, the possible basal portion of a seventeenth daughter tube; B2, detail, the arrow indicates a short longitudinal cross section through one of the marginal thickenings. Also present, near this site, is apparent spalling of fine lamellae. Scale bars: A, B1, 16 mm; C, 4 mm.

Fig. 6 in Clonal colony in the Early Devonian cnidarian Sphenothallus from Brazil

Fig. 6. Medusozoan cnidarian Sphenothallus sp. on a possible orthoconic cephalopod; from the Upper Ordovician (Katian 1–2) Utica Shale, Cap Santé, Québec, Canada. Light photographs of epibiontic tubes. A. MPEP1144.1, A2 detail of A1. B. MPEP1144.2. Scale bars A1, 5 mm; A2, B, 3 mm.

Fig. 3 in Clonal colony in the Early Devonian cnidarian Sphenothallus from Brazil

Fig. 3. Measured stratigraphical column of the Ponta Grossa Formation, Jaguariaíva section (from Simões et al. 2009). Abbreviations: M, mudstone, S, siltstone, FS, fine sandstone, MS, medium sandstone, CS, coarse sandstone.

Fig. 2 in Clonal colony in the Early Devonian cnidarian Sphenothallus from Brazil

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic chart of the Silurian–Devonian interval in the Paraná Basin (modified from Assine et al. 1994; Sedorko et al. 2017). The exact level in the Jaguariaíva Member at which Clarke's (1913) specimens of Sphenothallus were found is not known.

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Fig. 9 in Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in boring ctenostome bryozoans and associated "fungal" borings from the Early Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine

Fig. 9. SEM photographs of phosphatized endolithic community of bryozoans and "fungi" (morphotype A) from the Early Devonian of Doroshiv section, Podolia, Ukraine. A. ZPAL Br XIV/067. Fragmentary colony showing a network of irregularly branched filaments and rare bryozoan zooids (A1). Oblique view showing partly preserved bryozoans autozooids and 'fungal' hyphae (A2). Oblique view showing fungal attack on supposed juvenile bryozoan autozooid (A3). Close−up showing "fungal" filaments with branches and irregularly shaped swellings, note imprints of host shell microstructure preserved on the coating layer (A4). B. ZPAL Br XIV/101. Pattern of fungal filaments and bryozoans zooids (B1). Close−up of partly preserved bryozoan zooids attached by "fungal" hyphae (B2). Oblique view showing partly preserved autozooid with accessory tubules visible, attacked by fungal branches (B3). Close−up of autozooid attacking by "fungal" branching (B4). Oblique view of "fungal" colony (B5). Close−up of irregularly shaped "fungal" swellings showing hollow interiors, note the host shell microstructure imprints preserved on the coating layer (B6, B7).