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FIGURES 48–49 in New and obscure species of the genus Chilocorus Mayr in eastern Asia, with the proposal of a " nitidus - group " concept (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

FIGURES 48–49. world maps showing synopsis of distribution of Chilocoris spp. (48), and of vegetation zones (49); made after Breckle (2002). Vegatation zones: 1, evergreen rain forest; 2, semi-evergreen and wet season green forest; 2a, savannas, grassland, dry woodlands; 3, hot deserts and semi-deserts; 4, sclerophyllic woodlands with winter rain; 5, moist warm temperate woodlands; 6, deciduous (nemoral) forests; 7, steppes of the temperate zone; 7a, semi-desert and deserts with cold winters; 8, boreal coniferous zone; 9, tundra; 10, mountains.

FIGURES 43–46 in New and obscure species of the genus Chilocorus Mayr in eastern Asia, with the proposal of a " nitidus - group " concept (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

FIGURES 43–46. Female terminalia of Chilocoris spp.: C. birmanus (43–44), and C. monticola n. sp. (45–46). 43 & 45, terminalia, posterior view, left 1st valvifers removed; 44 & 46, spermathecae. Abbreviations: Dt.Fl., distal flange; Gna., gonanglum; Mt.8, mediotergite VIII; Ptgr., proctiger; Px.Fl., proximal flange; Scl.Sp., sclerotized spot between outer and inner rami of 1st valvula; Scl.Spth.O., sclerites around spermathecal opening; Spth.B., spermathecal bulb; Spth.D., spermathcal duct; Spth.P, spermathecal pump; V.Lt.8 & 9, ventral laterotergites VIII and IX; 1 & 2Vf., 1st and 2nd valvifers; 1 & 2Vv., 1st and 2nd valvulae. Scales: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 15–20 in New and obscure species of the genus Chilocorus Mayr in eastern Asia, with the proposal of a " nitidus - group " concept (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

FIGURES 15–20. Phalli of Chilocoris spp.: C. birmanus (15–16) and C. monticola n. sp. (17–20). 15 & 17–18, deflated phalli, lateral (15 & 17) and dorsal (18) views; 16 & 20, conjunctival appendages; 19, endosoma of inflated phallus, internal structure omitted, lateral view. Scales: 0.2 mm for 15 & 17–19; 0.1 mm for 16 & 20.

FIGURES 11–14 in New and obscure species of the genus Chilocorus Mayr in eastern Asia, with the proposal of a " nitidus - group " concept (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

FIGURES 11–14. Phallus of C. alienus. 11–12, deflated phallus, lateral (11) and dorsal (12) views; 13–14, endosoma of inflated phallus, internal structure omitted, lateral (13) and dorsal (14) views. Abbreviations: Conj.App., conjunctival appendage; Enph.D., endophallic duct; Scl.Bd., sclerotized band of endosoma distal to conjunctival appendages; Trn.Pt., turning point of endophallic duct. Scale: 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 1–10 in New and obscure species of the genus Chilocorus Mayr in eastern Asia, with the proposal of a " nitidus - group " concept (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

FIGURES 1–10. Chilocoris spp.: C. alienus (1–3), C. birmanus (4–5), C. monticola n. sp. (6–8), C. nitidulus (9), and C. nigricans (10). 1 & 4, head and pronotum; 2 & 5–6, right half of head; 3, 8 & 10, evaporatoria; 7, left hind wing; 9, pronotum. Abbreviations: Ant.Smg.L., anterior submarginal line; S.S., secondary setae of head. Scales: 0.5 mm for 1, 3, 4 & 7–10; 0.2 mm for 2 & 5–6.

FIGURES 31–42 in New and obscure species of the genus Chilocorus Mayr in eastern Asia, with the proposal of a " nitidus - group " concept (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

FIGURES 31–42. Left parameres of Chilocoris spp., mesal (31, 34, 37 & 40), ventral (32, 35, 38 & 41) and dorsal (33, 36, 39 & 42) views: C. alienus (31–33), C. birmanus (34–36), C. monticola n. sp. (37–39), and C. nitidulus (40–42). Abbreviation: Hp.: hypophysis. Scales: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 50 in New and obscure species of the genus Chilocorus Mayr in eastern Asia, with the proposal of a " nitidus - group " concept (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

FIGURE 50. distribution of East-Asian and western North American members of nitidus-group. 1, C. birmanus; 2, C. monticola n. sp.; 3, C. nepalensis; 4, C. nitidus; 5, C. repetitus; 6, C. alienus; 7, C. brunneus; 8, C. longicephalus; 9, C. martensi; 10, C. minor; 11, C. nitidulus; 12, C. nitidus, reported by Hufnagel & Rédei (2005).

FIGURES 21–30 in New and obscure species of the genus Chilocorus Mayr in eastern Asia, with the proposal of a " nitidus - group " concept (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)

FIGURES 21–30. Terminalia of Chilocoris spp.: C. monticola n. sp. (21–22), C. birmanus (23–25), and C. nitidulus (26–28), C. nigricans (29–30). 21, pygophore, hair on left half omitted; 22–23, pygophoral openings; 24 & 26, median projections; 25, proctiger, hair on left half omitted; 27–28, inflated phallus, lateral (27) and dorsal (28) views; 29–30, endosoma of inflated phallus, lateral (29) and ventral (direction of arrow in 29) (30) views. Abbreviations: Lat.If, lateral infolding of pygophoral opening; Med.Proj., median projection. Scales: 0.2 mm for 21–23, 25 & 27–28; 0.1 mm for 24, 26 & 29–30.

FIGURES 76–84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 76–84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76–81. ♀, dorsal view. 82–84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli.

FIGURES 31–40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 31–40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31–32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33–35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36–40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 41–52 in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 41–52. Parapolybia flava sp. nov. 41–46. ♀. 47–52. ♂. 41–42, 47. Head, 41, 47. Frontal view. 42. Lateral view. 43, 48. Ocelli, dorsal view. 44, 45, 49, 50. T1 (44, 49. Dorsal view, 45, 50. Lateral view). 46. T2, laterodorsal view. 51. Volsella and digitus. PS, parameral spine. D, Digitus. 52. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 53–64 in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 53–64. Parapolybia crocea sp. nov. 53–57. ♀. 58–64. ♂. 53–54, 58. Head. 53, 58. Frontal view. 54. Lateral view. 55, 59. Ocelli, dorsal view. 56, 57, 61, 62. T1 (56, 61. Dorsal view, 57, 62. Lateral view). 60. F9–F11 63. Volsella and digitus. 64. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 19–30. Parapolybia bioculata. 19–22 in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 19–30. Parapolybia bioculata. 19–22. ♀. 23–30. ♂. 19, 23. Head, frontal view. 20, 24. Ocelli, dorsal view. 21, 22, 26, 27. T1 (21, 26. Dorsal view, 22, 27. Lateral view). 25. F9–F11 28. Hind tarsus. 29. Volsella and digitus. 30. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 7–11 in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 7–11. Parapolybia indica, holotype ♀. 7, 9. Head. 7. Frontal view. 9. Lateral view. 8. Ocelli, dorsal view. 10. T1, dorsal view. 11. Metasomal segments 1–2, lateral view, segment 2 glued upside down. Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 1–6. Parapolybia varia, P. c roc e a in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 1–6. Parapolybia varia, P. c roc e a sp. nov. and holotype of P. indica (de Saussure, 1854). 1, 2. Head, lateral view, ♀. 1. P. crocea sp. nov. 2. P. v ar i a. 3, 4. Dried specimens of P. crocea sp. nov. from the same colony. 3. Body color in live more or less well preserved. 4. Discolored while drying. 5, 6. Holotype of P. indica. 5. Dorsal view, metasomal segments 2–6 glued upside down. 6. Labels of holotype.

FIGURES 65–75 in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 65–75. Parapolybia nana sp. nov. and P. albida sp. nov. 65–69. P. nana sp. nov., ♀. 65, 66. Head (65. Frontal view, 66. Lateral view). 67. Ocelli, dorsal view. 68, 69. T1 (68. Lateral view, 69. Dorsal view). 70–75. P. albida sp. nov., ♀. 70, 71, 75. Head (70, 75. Frontal view, 71. Lateral view). 72. Ocelli, dorsal view. 73, 74. T1 (73. Lateral view, 74. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm.

FIGURES 85–90. Nests. 85. Parapolybia indica. 86. P in Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia

FIGURES 85–90. Nests. 85. Parapolybia indica. 86. P. flava sp. nov. 87. P. crocea sp. nov. 88. P. tinctipennis. 89, 90. P. bioculata.

FIGURES 114–121. 114 in New taxa of the subfamily Cantharinae (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) from south-eastern Asia, with notes on other species III

FIGURES 114–121. 114, Prothemus opacipennis (Pic), lateral part of aedeagus and paramere, ventral aspect; 115–117. P. kubani sp. nov., holotype. 115, aedeagus, ventral aspect; 116, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 117, laterophyse, laterocaudal aspect; 118, P. svihlai Wittmer, last abdominal sternite of female; 119–121. P. blankae sp. nov., holotype. 119, laterophyse, dorsocaudal aspect; 120, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 121, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 105–113. 105–107 in New taxa of the subfamily Cantharinae (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) from south-eastern Asia, with notes on other species III

FIGURES 105–113. 105–107. Stenothemus tamil sp. nov., holotype. 105, aedeagus, ventral aspect; 106, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 107, apical part of aedeagus, lateral aspect; 108–109. S. bourgeoisi Wittmer. 108, laterophyses, ventral aspect; 109, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 110–113. S. honza sp. nov., holotype. 110, last abdominal sternite of female; 111, apical part of aedeagus, lateral aspect; 112, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 113, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 91–104. 91–92 in New taxa of the subfamily Cantharinae (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) from south-eastern Asia, with notes on other species III

FIGURES 91–104. 91–92. Stenothemus quadratithorax (Pic). 91, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 92, apical part of aedeagus, lateral aspect; 93–96. S. hajeki sp. nov., holotype. 93, apical part of aedeagus, lateral aspect; 94, aedeagus, ventral aspect; 95, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 96, last abdominal sternite of female paratype; 97, S. distortus sp. nov., holotype, right mesotibia; 98, S. jindrai Švihla, last abdominal sternite of female; 99–101. S. kubani sp. nov., holotype. 99, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 100, aedeagus, ventral aspect; 101, apical part of aedeagus, lateral aspect; 102–104. S. yanmenensis sp. nov., holotype. 102, aedeagus, ventral aspect; 103, dorsal part of aedeagus, dorsal aspect; 104, apical part of aedeagus, lateral aspect. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.