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Fig. 1 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Fig. 1. Ophiacanthid brittle star lineages and their fossil record in shallow (<200 m palaeodepth, thick grey lines) and deep (> 200 m palaeodepth, thick black lines) environments through time. Extant lineages are indicated by the thin median line extending to the Holocene.

Fig. 6 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Fig. 6. Fossil lateral arm plates (LAPs) of ophiacanthid brittle stars in external (a) and internal (b) views. 1. Eolaxoporus sp. from the latest Anisian (Middle Triassic) of Oberscheffach, Germany, MHI 2083/1, median LAP. 2-4. Eolaxoporus hagdorni gen. et sp. nov. from the late Carnian (Late Triassic) of Jushui, China. 2. MHI 2084/1 (holotype), proximal LAP. 3. MHI 2085/1 (paratype), median LAP. 4. MHI 2086/1 (paratype), distal LAP. 5. Eolaxoporus sp. nov. innom. from the early Carnian (Late Triassic) of Milieres, Italy; GZG.INV.78500, proximal to median LAP. 6-8. Eolaxoporus imminens gen. et sp. nov. from the late Sinemurian to early Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of the Glasenbach Gorge, Austria. 6. NHMW 2012/0137/0001 (holotype), proximal LAP. 7. NHMW 2012/0137/0002 (paratype), median LAP. 8. NHMW 2012/0137/0003 (paratype), distal LAP. One common scale bar per species is given.

Fig. 23 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Fig. 23. Fossil lateral arm plates in external (a) and internal (b) views and articulated arm fragments of Alternacantha schwermannorum sp. nov. from the late Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Savigna, France. 1. GZG.INV.78654 (holotype), proximal LAP. 2. GZG.INV.78655 (paratype), median LAP. 3. GZG. INV.78656 (paratype), distal LAP. 4. GZG.INV.78657 (paratype), proximal arm fragment in ventral (a) and dorsal (b) views and with detail in dorso-lateral (c) view. 5. GZG.INV.78658 (paratype), distal arm fragment in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. One common scale bar for 1-3.

Appendix 1 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Appendix 1. Faunal list for the assemblages studied with corresponding counts of lateral arm plates or articulated individual (art.). Note that previously published assemblages which lack ophiacanthids or for which no significant taxonomic changes or new counts are proposed have been omitted. Records marked with an asterisk (*) are not described in the present study.

Fig. 35 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Fig. 35. Skeletal plates and arm fragments of fossil and Recent ophiacanthid brittle stars; lateral arm plates (LAPs) in external (a) and internal (b) views. 1-3. Ophiocamax vitrea Lyman, 1878, Recent. 1. Proximal LAP. 2. Median LAP. 3. Dorsal arm plate. 4-5. Ophiocamax hystrix Lyman, 1878, Recent. 4. Proximal LAP. 5. Median LAP. 6. Ophiocamax austera Verrill, 1899, Recent; proximal LAP. 7-11. Ophiocamax dorotheae sp. nov. from the late Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Savigna, France. 7. GZG.INV.78763 (holotype), proximal LAP. 8. GZG.INV.78764 (paratype), median LAP. 9. GZG.INV.78765 (paratype), distal LAP. 10. GZG.INV.78766 (paratype), proximal arm fragment in ventral view. 11. GZG.INV.78767 (paratype), median arm fragment in dorsal view. One common scale bar per species except for 10 and 11.

Fig. 17 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Fig. 17. Fossil skeletal plates of ophiacanthid brittle stars; lateral arm plates (LAPs) in external (a) and internal (b) views. 1-2. Ophiotreta striata (Kutscher & Jagt, 2000) comb. nov. from the early Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany. 1. GZG.INV.78588, proximal LAP. 2. GZG.INV.78589, distal LAP. 3-11. Ophiotreta dendrophyllicola sp. nov. from the middle Danian (Paleocene) of Fakse, Denmark. 3. MGUH 30236 (holotype), proximal LAP. 4. NHMM 2012 050 (paratype), median LAP. 5. NHMM 2012 051 (paratype), distal LAP. 6. NHMM 2012 052 (paratype), vertebra in distal view. 7. NHMM 2012 053 (paratype), vertebra in proximal view. 8. NHMM 2012 054 (paratype), vertebra in dorsal view. 9. NHMM 2012 055 (paratype), oral plate in adradial (a) and abradial (b) view. 10. NHMM 2012 056 (paratype), arm spine fragment. 11. NHMM 2012 057 (paratype), arm spine fragment. 12-15. Ophiotreta hedone sp. nov. from the middle Lutetian (Eocene) of Grignon, France. 12. GZG.INV.78590 (holotype), proximal LAP. 13. GZG.INV.78591 (paratype), median LAP. 14. GZG.INV.78592 (paratype), distal LAP. 15. GZG.INV.78593 (paratype), median LAP. One common scale bar per species.

Fig. 4 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Fig. 4. Palaeogeographic reconstruction for the Middle Triassic [after Smith et al. (1994)] with positions of currently known Triassic ophiuroid occurrences (grey areas indicate emerged land). Round dots indicate assemblages quantitatively assessed in this study (see Table 1 for details). 1. Fischerwiese, Oberscheffach, Schillingstadt. 2. Górazdze, Strzelce Opolski, Felsöörs, Sóly. 3. Alpe di Specie, Romerlo, Milieres, Recoaro. 4. Kitakami Mountains. 5. Jushui. Squares indicate previously published Triassic records. At the same positions as round dots 1-3: Bachmayer & Kollmann (1968), Broglio Loriga & Berti Cavicchi (1972), Hess (1970a), Kutscher (1987b, 2000), Radwański (2002), Salamon (2004) and ophiuroid records revised by Hess (1965b). Squares: 6. Calzada & Gutiérrez (1988). 7. Hess (1972b), Kristan-Tollmann et al. (1979). 8. Twitchett et al. (2005). 9. Zonneveld (2001). 10. Kummel & Teichert (1970). 11. Runnegar (1969). 12. Kristan-Tollmann & Gramann (1992). At the same position as round dot 5: Yang (1960), Feng (1985), Chen et al. (2004). Square 13. Ishida et al. (2011).

Fig. 20 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Fig. 20. Fossil lateral arm plates (LAPs) of ophiacanthid brittle stars in external (a) and internal (b) views and articulated arm fragment. 1-2. Ophiogaleus dorecki (Hess, 1962) comb. nov. from the late Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of Seewen, Switzerland. 1. NHMB M11214, proximal LAP. 2. NHMB M11215, distal LAP. 3-5. Ophiogaleus stans sp. nov. from the early Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of La Pouza, France. 3. GZG.INV.78615 (holotype), proximal LAP. 4. GZG.INV.78616 (paratype), median LAP. 5. GZG.INV.78617 (paratype), distal LAP. 6-7. Ophiogaleus sp. nov. innom 2 from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of Jumara, India. 6. GZG.INV.78619, proximal LAP. 7. GZG.INV.78620, distal LAP. 8-10. Ophiogaleus constrictus (Hess, 1966) comb. nov. from the late Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Savigna, France. 8. GZG.INV.78624, proximal LAP. 9. GZG.INV.78625, distal LAP. 10. GZG.INV.78626, proximal arm fragment in ventral (a) and dorsal (b) views. One common scale bar per species except for 10.

Fig. 6 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 6. Holotype of Ophiocoma (Breviturma subgen. nov.) krohi sp. nov. (MNHN-IE-4300). A. Dorsal disc. B. Dorsal arm. C. Ventral arm, note the pattern on the arm spines. D. Ventral disc. E. Jaws.

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 3. Ophiocoma (Breviturma subgen. nov.) doederleini de Loriol, 1899 (UF5318). SEM images. A. Dorsal disc. B. Dorsal arm. C. Dorsal disc granules. D. Jaws. E. Ventral arm. F. Radial shield, internal aspect, distal edge downwards. G. Oral plates (half-jaws), abradial aspect left, adradial right, proximal edge left. H. Dental plates, external aspect on left, internal on right (lower septum broken), dorsal upwards. I. Genital plates abradial left, adradial right, distal upwards. J. Arm vertebrae, proximal aspect left, distal right, dorsal upwards. K. Lateral arm plates, external aspect left, internal right, distal to the right. UF, Florida Museum of Natural History.

Fig. 1 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Ophiocoma (Breviturma) subgen. nov. (two species of the scolopendrina group as outgroup), estimated by maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analysis of concatenated sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and rDNA 16S (in total 1125 bp). Values at branches indicate bootstrap values for maximum likelihood (above branches) and neighbour-joining (below branches). Specimen codes are resolved in the Supplementary file.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 2. Colour variations in species of Ophiocoma (Breviturma) subgen. nov. A-C. Ophiocoma doederleini Rowe & Pawson, 1977. A. Reticulated specimen (UF5318). B. Close-up of annulated arm spines. C. Densely reticulated specimen (UF6518). D. Ophiocoma brevipes Peters, 1851 (SMNH- 133230). E-F. Ophiocoma dentata Müller & Troschel, 1842. E. Variegated specimen (SMNH-133232). F. Uniformly reddish brown specimen (URUN2009-11047). G-L. Ophiocoma krohi sp. nov. paratypes. G. With large patches (SMNH-Type-8533). H. Small irregular spots (MNHN-IE-4302). I. Star-shaped radiating pattern (SMNH-Type-8531). J. Densely mottled (MNHN-IE-4301). K. Uniformly dark brown (SMNH-Type-8536). L. Light brown, sparsely mottled (UF13938). For institution codes see main text.

Fig. 5 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 5. SEM images of skeletal elements of Ophiocoma (Breviturma subgen. nov.) brevipes Peters, 1851 (SMNH-133230), O. (B.) dentata Müller & Troschel, 1842 (SMNH-133232) and O. krohi sp. nov. paratype (SMNH-Type-8535). A-C. Oral plates, abradial aspect at left, orientated with dorsal side up. A. O. brevipes. B. O. dentata. C. O. krohi sp. nov. D-F. Dental plates, external aspect left, internal aspect right, dorsal edge upwards. D. O. brevipes. E. O. dentata. F. O. krohi sp. nov. G-I. Radial shields, internal aspect, proximal edge upwards. G. O. brevipes. H. O. dentata. I. O. krohi sp. nov. J-L.Vertebrae from proximal part of arm, proximal aspect left, dorsal upwards. J. O. brevipes. K. O. dentata. L. O. krohi sp. nov. M-O. Genital plates, abradial plate left, adradial plate right, distal ends up (towards radial shields). M. O. brevipes. N. O. dentata. O. O. krohi sp. nov. P-R. Lateral arm plates from proximal arm, external aspect left, internal aspect right, distal end right. P. O. brevipes. Q. O. dentata. R. O. krohi sp. nov. For institution codes see main text.

Fig. 7 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 7. Granule densities in relation to disc diameter of the examined nominal species of Ophiocoma, from Table 1.

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the Ophiocoma brevipes group (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), with description of a new subgenus (Breviturma) and a new species

Fig. 4. SEM images of three species of Ophiocoma (Breviturma) subgen. nov. A-E. Ophiocoma brevipes Peters, 1851 (SMNH-133230). A. Dorsal disc. B. Dorsal arms. C. Dorsal disc granules. D. Jaws. E. Ventral arm. F-I. Ophiocoma dentata Müller & Troschel, 1842 (SMNH-133232). F. Dorsal disc. G. Dorsal arm. H. Dorsal disc granules. I. Jaws. J. Ventral arm. K-N. Ophiocoma krohi sp. nov. paratype (SMNH-Type-8534). K. Dorsal disc. L. Dorsal arms. M. Dorsal disc granules. N. Jaws. O. Ventral arm. For institution codes see main text.

Fig. 3 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species

Fig. 3. Asterostegus sabineae sp. nov., holotype (MNHN IE-2013-8012) (A–F). A. Aboral basal portion of arm. B. Aboral middle portion of arm. C. Aboral and lateral distal portion of arm. D. Oral proximal portion of arm. E. Oral middle portion of arm. F. Lateral distal portion of arm. Abbreviations: AS = arm spine, LAP = lateral arm plate, Ten = tentacles, Tu = tubercle.

Fig. 5 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species

Fig. 5. Asterostegus sabineae sp. nov., paratype (SMNH-Type-8536), SEM photographs. A. Lateral arm plate from middle portion of arm, abradial view. B. Lateral arm plate from distal portion of arm, adradial view. C. Lateral arm plate from distal portion of arm, oral view. D-F. Arm spines: from proximal portion of arm (D), middle portion of arm (E), distal portion of arm, an arc indicates lamina (F). Abbreviations: MO = muscle opening, NO = nerve opening, ST = secondary tooth.

Fig. 10. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species

Fig. 10. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 (SMNH 123461), SEM photographs. A-D. Vertebra from middle portion of arm: distal view (A), aboral view (B), oral view (C) and lateral view (D). E-H. Vertebrae from distal portion of arm: distal view (E), aboral view (F), oral view (G) and lateral view (H). Abbreviations: K = knob, OB = oral bridge.

Fig. 7. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species

Fig. 7. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 (SMNH 123461). A. Aboral disc and proximal portion of arm. B. Aboral periphery of disc. C. Aboral central disc. D. Oral disc. E. Jaws. F. Oral periphery of disc. G. Oral periphery of disc, skin removed to observe internal ossicles, oral interradial plates of the same row are connected by black bars. H. Lateral disc, an arrow indicates madreporite. I. Aboral proximal portion of arm. Abbreviations: ADS = adoral shield, GEO = granule-shaped external ossicle, GS = genital slit, LB = lateral bar, OIP = oral interradial plate, OP = oral papillae, Te = teeth, Ten = tentacle, Tu = tubercle.

Fig. 1 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species

Fig. 1. Known distribution of Asterostegus maini McKnight, 2003, A. sabineae sp. nov., and A. tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 are indicated by square, circle and star shaped symbols respectively. Solid symbols indicate the type locality of each species.