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291 results for “Ecological diversification”
Fig. 164. Three alternative phylogeographic hypotheses. A in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 164. Three alternative phylogeographic hypotheses. A: Primary Diversification: reciprocally monophyletic and sister clades bounded by a river that imposed itself on an existing species range. B: Secondary Contact: reciprocally monophyletic, but nonsister clades, bounded by a river that served as the secondary meeting point of clades that evolved elsewhere. C: Dispersal: paraphyletic relationship of right bank haplotypes relative to left bank ones due to one episode of crossriver transfer. See text for further explanation.
Fig. 159 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 159. Karyotypes of three specimens of Proechimys: A, a male Proechimys goeldii; USNM 549573; 2n=24, FN=42; 52 km S Altamira, Rio Xingu, Para´, Brazil. B, A male Proechimys quadruplicatus; MVZ 157860; 2n=28, FN=42; La Poza, Río Santiago, Amazonas, Peru´. And, C, A female Proechimys quadruplicatus; JLP 16794; 2n=28, FN=42; Lago Meduiním, left bank Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil.
Fig. 143 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 143. Karyotypes of four specimens of Proechimys: A, a male Proechimys brevicauda; MNFS 1079; 2n = 28, NF = 48; Igarapé Porongaba (locality 1), right bank Rio Jurua´, Acre, Brazil. B, a male Proechimys cuvieri; JUR 238; 2n = 28, FN = 50; right bank Nova Vida (locality 3), Rio Jurua´, Acre Brazil. C, a female Proechimys cuvieri; LHE 538; 2n = 28, FN = 48; 52 km S of Altamira, Rio Xingu Para´, Brazil. D, a male Proechimys cuvieri; LPC 165; 2n = 28, FN = 46; Macaco, left bank Rio Jau´ Amazonas, Brazil.
Fig. 130 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 130. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of Mesomys hispidus (JLP 15678, locality 6). Magnification = Χ2.
Fig. 129 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 129. Karyotypes of sympatric A, M. occultus (2n = 42, FN = 54; JUR 567 male) and B, M. hispidus (2n = 60, FN = 116; JUR 540, male).
Fig. 128 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 128. Occlusal surfaces of the right upper toothrows of sympatric A, M. occultus (JUR 502) and BC, M. hispidus (JUR 533 and JUR 453), all from locality 14.
Fig. 127 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 127. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of the holotype of Mesomys occultus (INPA 2690, locality 14). Magnification = Χ2.
Fig. 126 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 126. Lateral views of the terminal portion of the tails of Mesomys hispidus (top: MNFS 569 locality 5) and M. occultus (bottom: MNFS 201, upper Rio Urucu), illustrating differences in degree to which the tail is hairy as well as the length of terminal tuft.
Fig. 124 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 124. Map of the distribution of Mesomys in greater Amazonia (from Emmons and Feer, 1997) Localities from which individual specimens have been examined for sequence of the mtDNA cytochromeb gene are indicated; those from localities outside of the Rio Juruá are lettered, and all localities are listed in table 55. Solid circles indicate localities of M. hispidus, the open circle that of M. stimulax and the open box identifies the two localities from which the new species described herein was found Localities are grouped geographically according to the reciprocally monophyletic clades identified in the tree, fig. 127.
Fig. 122 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 122. Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views of the cranium of Makalata macrura from the Rio Juruá (MNFS 1717, locality 14). Natural size.
Fig. 118 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 118. Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views of the skull of an adult Isothrix bistriata (MNFS 1188, locality 2). Natural size.
Fig. 110 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 110. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the cranium of the holotype (MVZ 168938) of Rhipidomys gardneri. Magnification = Χ4.
Fig. 107 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 107. Dorsal and ventral views of crania of Rhipidomys from the Rio Jurua´, contrasting examples of R. gardneri (left, a subadult; MNFS 1409; opposite Igarapé Porongaba [locality 2], left bank Rio Jurua´) and R. leucodactylus (middle, JLP 15704, a subadult, Seringal Condor [locality 6], left bank Rio Jurua´; right, JLP 15426, an adult, Penedo [locality 7], right bank Rio Jurua´). Magnification = Χ2.
Fig. 103 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 103. Bivariate plots of the first and second multiple groups principal components axes for Oryzomys perenensis from the Rio Jurua´. Panels separate samples from each of the four geographic sample regions (see fig. 1); polygons enclose all individual points for a given sample, which is identified by locality number.
Fig. 106 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 106. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of the cranium of Scolomys juruaense (MVZ 183165; Penedo [locality 7], right bank Rio Jurua´, Amazonas, Brazil).
Fig. 98 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 98. Map of localities of members of the Oryzomys macconnelli group sampled for mtDNA cytochromeb sequences: left: O. nitidus (solid triangles) and O. legatus (open triangle); right: O. macconnelli (solid circles), O. emmonsae (solid pentagons), and O. russatus (solid squares). Localities from the Rio Juruá are numbered; other localities are given letters. Both letters and numbers correspond to the list of provenance and voucher specimen catalog numbers provided in table 36. The transition in geographic units of O. macconnelli across the Rio Solimes is indicated by the hiatus in the crosshatched distribution of the species. Distributions are based on Musser et al. (1998).
Fig. 100 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 100. Bivariate plots of the three discriminant axes in comparisons between the four species of Oryzomys that occur along the Rio Jurua´. The open polygons surround the placement of all individuals of each species; the ellipses represent the 95% confidence limits of the mean scores for each species on the respective axes being contrasted.
Fig. 114 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 114. Occlusal surface of the left maxillary toothrows of (Left) Dactylomys boliviensis (MNFS 1005, locality a) and (Right) D. dactylinus (JUR 485, locality 14).
Fig. 97 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 97. Strict consensus tree of three equal minimumlength parsimony trees for haplotypes of the mitochondrial cytochromeb gene (801 bp; only 401 bp are available for the individual from Paraguay [Myers et al., 1995]) for members of the Oryzomys megacephalus complex of species. Length = 627 steps, CI = 0.593, RI = 0.870. Sequences of members of the Oryzomys macconnelli species complex are used as the outgroup. Bold numbers at internal nodes are bootstrap values, based on 1000 replicates percentages are mean Kimura twoparameter distances for all haplotypes below a given node. Haplotypes are identified by locality, as in the map, fig. 96, and provenance and voucher catalogue numbers are listed in table 34.
Fig. 102 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 102. Size versus age (toothwear class) for four cranial dimensions from pooled samples of Oryzomys perenensis from the Rio Jurua´. Solid curve for each plot shows average value of the measurement for each class; vertical lines are 95% confidence limits.
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OpenNeuro
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