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73 results for “Ecophysiology”
Learning from dynamic traits: Seasonal shifts yield insights into ecophysiological tradeoffs across scales from macroevolutionary to intra-individual
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Ecophysiology and specialized metabolite trait data for the sunflower association mapping population
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Data from: Are ecophysiological adaptive traits decoupled from leaf economics traits in wetlands?
Wetland plants have developed a suite of traits, such as aerenchyma, radial oxygen loss, and leaf gas films, to adapt to wetland environment featured by e.g. a low redox potential and a lack of electron acceptors. These ecophysiological traits are critical for the survival and physiological functioning of wetland plants. Most studies on these traits typically focus on a single trait and a single or few species at the time. Next to these traits, traits of the leaf economics spectrum (LES) that reflect resources acquisition and allocation in plant species have also been frequently measured in wetlands. However, the performance of the LES has rarely been examined among wetland plants. Both suites of traits are critical for ‐but affect different aspects of‐ wetland plant functioning and survival. The interactions between them, potentially causing synergies or trade‐offs, reflect wetland plant strategies to simultaneously deal with stress tolerance and resources utilization, and have ramifications for the functioning of wetland ecosystems. Based on a literature review and quantitative analysis of available data, we provide evidence suggesting that LES and ecophysiological traits may be decoupled (e.g., for root porosity & radial oxygen loss vs. leaf nitrogen) or coupled (e.g., for iron tolerance vs. SLA) in wetlands, depending on the trait combination concerned. This rather complex relationship between wetland adaptation traits and LES traits indicates that there can be multiple mechanisms behind the strategies of wetland plants. We further illustrate how adaptation and LES traits together contribute to wetland ecosystem functions, such as denitrification and methane emission. We highlight that both suites of traits should be considered simultaneously when applying trait‐based methods to wetland ecology.
Data from: Ecophysiological variation across a forest-ecotone gradient produces divergent climate change vulnerability within species
Climate change related risks and impacts on ectotherms will be mediated by habitats and their influence on local thermal environments. While many studies have documented morphological and genetic aspects of niche divergence across habitats, few have examined thermal performance across such gradients and directly linked this variation to contemporary climate change impacts. In this study, we quantified variation in thermal performance across a gradient from forest to gallery forest-savanna mosaic in Cameroon for a skink species (Trachylepis affinis) known to be diverging genetically and morphologically across that habitat gradient. Based on these results, we then applied a mechanistic modelling approach (NicheMapR) to project changes in potential activity, as constrained by thermal performance, in response to climate change. As a complimentary approach, we also compared mechanistic projections with climate-driven changes in habitat suitability based on species distribution models of forest and ecotone skinks. We found that ecotone skinks may benefit from warming and experience increased activity while forest skinks will likely face a drastic decrease in thermal suitability across the forest zone. Species distribution models projected that thermal suitability for forest skinks in coastal forests would decline but in other parts of the forest zone skinks are projected to experience increased thermal suitability. The results here highlight the utility of mechanistic approaches in revealing and understanding patterns of climate change vulnerability which may not be detected with species distribution models alone. This study also emphasizes the importance of intra-specific physiological variation, and habitat-specific thermal performance relationships in particular, in determining warming responses.
Data from: Ecophysiological limits to aerobic metabolism in hypoxia determine epibenthic distributions and energy sequestration in the northeast Pacific ocean
Expansion of oxygen deficient waters (hypoxia) in the northeast Pacific Ocean (NEP) will have marked impacts on marine life. The response of the resident communities will be a function of their ecophysiological constraints in low oxygen, although this remains untested in the NEP due to a lack of integrative studies. Here, we combine in situ surveys and lab-based respirometry experiments were conducted on three indicator species (spot prawn Pandalus platyceros, slender sole Lyopsetta exilis, squat lobster Munida quadrispina) of seasonally hypoxic systems in the NEP to test if metabolic constraints determine distributions and energy sequestration in a hypoxic setting. These experiments were integrated with a global review of critical oxygen levels ( math formula; lower threshold of aerobic metabolism) for crustaceans to determine if math formula-based hypoxia thresholds are different among ocean basins. Our results show that species-specific differences in math formula and standard metabolic rates (1) determine the lowest environmental oxygen ([O2]env) at which in situ populations occur, (2) result in disproportionate shifts in distributions among co-occurring species during summer hypoxia expansion events, and (3) characterize shifts in megafaunal community respiration rates due to marked spatio-temporal variability in [O2]env. Our results show that math formula-based hypoxia thresholds are significantly lower in the East Pacific Ocean relative to other major ocean basins, which suggests that the physiological response of local fauna to deoxygenation can be determined by the natural variability and oxygen exposure in a region. In order to establish realistic predictions on the biological consequences of marine deoxygenation, we suggest integrating metabolism-based traits to calculate hypoxia thresholds for marine ecosystems.
Data from: Natural variation, differentiation and genetic tradeoffs of ecophysiological traits in response to water limitation in Brachypodium distachyon and its descendent allotetraploid B. hybridum (Poaceae)
Differences in tolerance to water stress may underlie ecological divergence of closely-related ploidy lineages. However, the mechanistic basis of physiological variation governing eco-geographical cytotype segregation is not well understood. Here, using Brachypodium distachyon and its derived allotetraploid B. hybridum as model, we test the hypothesis that, for heteroploid annuals, ecological divergence of polyploids in drier environments is based on trait differentiation enabling drought-escape. We demonstrate that under water limitation allotetraploids maintain higher photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and show earlier flowering than diploids, concordant with a drought-escape strategy to cope with water stress. Increased heterozygosity, greater genetic variability and plasticity of polyploids could confer a superior adaptive capability. Consistent with these predictions, we document (1) greater standing within-population genetic variation in water use efficiency and flowering time in allotetraploids, and (2) the existence of (non-linear) environmental clines in physiology across allotetraploid populations. Increased gas exchange and diminished WUE occurred at the driest end of the gradient, consistent with a drought-escape strategy. Finally, we found that allotetraploids showed weaker genetic correlations than diploids congruous with the expectation of relaxed pleiotropic constraints in polyploids. Our results suggest evolutionary divergence of ecophysiological traits in each ploidy lineage.
Krieg et al. (2024) Fern gametophytes exhibit distinct patterns of niche exploration and global convergence in ecophysiological functioning
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Data from: Loss of fungal symbionts at the arid limit of the distribution range in a native Patagonian grass – resource ecophysiological relations
<p>1. Crucial to our understanding of plant ecology is the consideration of the eco-physiological responses and constraints of plant-fungal symbioses throughout the native distribution range of their host.</p> <p>2. We examined key eco-physiological roles of two co-occurring fungal symbionts [Epichloë endophytes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)] in the endemic grass Hordeum comosum across a wide bioclimatic gradient and contrasting grazing severity. We sampled H. comosum plants along four humid-to-arid transects in Patagonia, Argentina, covering its entire distribution range and determined Epichloë presence, AMF root colonization, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, intrinsic water use-efficiency (iWUE, the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance) and 18O-enrichment of cellulose in shoots.</p> <p>3. Root colonization by AMF increased with Epichloë-presence. All plants hosted Epichloë in the humid range of the gradient, but symbioses occurrence decreased towards arid sites which also displayed severe grazing symptoms at site level.</p> <p>4. Symbiosis with Epichloë correlated positively with shoot nitrogen concentration in the centre of the distribution range, and with shoot phosphorus concentration across the entire distribution range.</p> <p>5. The site-level relationship of AMF colonization with 18O-enrichment and iWUE suggested that mycorrhiza boosted stomatal conductance in humid environments but curbed it in arid environments.</p> <p>6. While the interpretation of interactions and potential causalities from observational studies should be done with caution, this study demonstrates distinct correlations between plant-fungal symbiont associations and key resource parameters (phosphorus, nitrogen, and iWUE vs 18O-enrichment). Such correlations may suggest particular functional roles for these symbionts in the ecology of their host plant.</p>
Phylogenetic divergence and ecophysiological variation in the disjunct Kalmia buxifolia (Sand-myrtle, Ericaceae)
<p><em>Kalmia buxifolia</em> (sand-myrtle, Ericaceae) is disjunctly distributed across the high-elevation rock outcrops of the southern Appalachians, upper monadnocks and pine savannas of the Carolina Piedmont and Coastal Plain, and the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Here, we sampled plants from each region and reconstructed the phylogeographic history of <em> K</em>. <em>buxifolia</em> to test a rock-outcrop Pleistocene refugium hypothesis, estimate the potential direction(s) and timing of migration, and date divergence from its alpine sister species, <em>K. procumbens</em>. We also assess whether isolation in these different environments has led to variation in intrinsic water-use efficiency (IWUE). Dating analysis challenges the current hypothesis that rock-outcrop species are relics of Pleistocene refugia (<18,000 ybp), placing the divergence of <em>K. buxifolia</em> and <em>K. procumbens</em> much earlier, in the late-Miocene (9.40 Ma). Chloroplast haplotype analysis indicates four potential refugial sites, with the most ancient on Mount LeConte in the Great Smoky Mountains, and point to an Appalachian corridor as the likely Pine Barrens colonization route. The sister species divergence time and population level divergences within <em>K. buxifolia</em> generally coincide with major climatic shifts from the late-Miocene to mid-Pleistocene. Results from CID indicate that plant water-use varies geographically within <em>K. buxifolia</em>, as does leaf morphology, although it is unclear whether this variation is due to genetic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. These patterns of phylogenetic divergence and resulting ecophysiological diversity within <em>K. buxifolia</em> are significant for clarifying long-held questions about the biogeographic history and trait differentiation within this species. Further, our results suggest that high-elevation rock outcrop communities may have been inhabitated by northern-affinity species for much longer than previously assumed, and that subsequent population disjunction and isolation may have resulted in ecophysioloigcal differentiation in these communities.</p>
Fig. 3 in Fatty acids as chemotaxonomic and ecophysiological traits in green microalgae (desmids, Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta): A discriminant analysis approach
Fig. 3. Linear discriminant analysis based on fatty acid profiles of desmid strains belonging to the time-isolation group. (a) Discrimination of the clusters ("very old", "old" and "new") at the start of cultivation (2 days). (b) Discrimination of the clusters at the end of cultivation (24 days). DF1 – the first discrimination function 1; DF2 – the second discrimination function; red triangles – strains cultivated> 35 years ("very old"); green quadrangles – strains cultivated between 15 and 35 years ("old"); blue circles – strains cultivated ≤ 15 years ("new"). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Fatty acids as chemotaxonomic and ecophysiological traits in green microalgae (desmids, Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta): A discriminant analysis approach
Fig. 2. Linear discriminant analysis based on fatty acid profiles of desmid strains belonging to the trophic-preference group. (a) Discrimination of the clusters (oligotrophic, meso-oligotrophic, meso-eutrophic, and eutrophic) at the start of cultivation (2 days). (b) Discrimination of the clusters at the end of cultivation (24 days). DF1 – the first discrimination function 1; DF2 – the second discrimination function; red triangles – eutrophic strains; orange quadrangles – meso-eutrophic strains; green pentangles – meso-oligotrophic strains; blue circles – oligotrophic strains. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Data from: Ecophysiological variation across a forest-ecotone gradient produces divergent climate change vulnerability within species
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Data from: Are ecophysiological adaptive traits decoupled from leaf economics traits in wetlands?
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Phylogenetic divergence and ecophysiological variation in the disjunct Kalmia buxifolia (Sand-myrtle, Ericaceae)
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Data from: Loss of fungal symbionts at the arid limit of the distribution range in a native Patagonian grass – resource ecophysiological relations
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Data from: Ecophysiological limits to aerobic metabolism in hypoxia determine epibenthic distributions and energy sequestration in the northeast Pacific ocean
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Data from: Natural variation, differentiation and genetic tradeoffs of ecophysiological traits in response to water limitation in Brachypodium distachyon and its descendent allotetraploid B. hybridum (Poaceae)
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Greenhouse test of plant ecophysiological traits or responses to nitrogen:Effects of Long Term Fertilization and Oak Canopy Cover on Plant Communities and Ecosystem Processes
In 1996 E142 was established in field D on top of the E004 macroplots. E004 was conducted in fields A, B, C and D by Dave Tilman. The purpose of E004 was to see what effect NH4NO3 addition has on large areas over a longer period of time with exposure to naturally-occurring levels of herbivory. The nutrient addition treatments in E004, E142 plots have been applied annually since 1982. These experiments, along with others at Cedar Creek, examine the community and ecosystem consequences of chronic nutrient loading.
Torres-García et al. 2020_AJB_Ecophysiological data of the phreatophyte Ziziphus lotus
<p>Data for the phreatophytic shrub <em>Ziziphus lotus</em> (L.) Lam (Rhamnaceae) in a grounwater-dependent ecosystem of semiarid regions (southeastern Spain).</p> <ul> <li>Stable hydrogen (δ<sup>2</sup>H) and oxygen (δ<sup>18</sup>O) isotopes to find out which is the dominant water source for the plants. </li> <li>Carbon stable isotope composition of leaves (δ<sup>13</sup>C) as a ecological indicator of plants function.</li> <li>Predawn (<em>Ψ</em><sub>pd</sub>) and midday (<em>Ψ</em><sub>md</sub>) water potentials to characterize the species on an isohydric–anisohydric continuum.</li> <li>Folar gas-exchange rates and nutrient concentrations to evaluate plants’ response to increasing water stress along a depth-to-groundwater (DTGW) gradient.</li> </ul> <p>For further description of the methods, please see Torres-García et al., 2021. Squandering water in drylands. <em>Am. J. Bot.</em> DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1606</p>
Geophyte ecophysiology and traits
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Premise of the study: </b>In semi-arid regions, decreasing rainfall presents a challenge to perennial seedlings that must reach sufficient size to survive the first year's seasonal drought. Attaining a large storage organ size has been hypothesized to enhance drought resilience in geophytes, but building larger storage organs requires greater growth rates, and paradoxically, some traits conferring faster growth are highly sensitive to drought. We examine if tuber size confers greater drought resilience in seedlings of four closely related geophytic species of <i>Pelargonium</i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods:</b> We imposed two drought treatments when seedlings were two months old: chronic low water and acute water restriction for ten days. Plants in the acute dry-down treatment were then rewatered at control levels. We compared morphological and ecophysiological traits at two, three and six months of age and used mixed-effects models to identify traits determining tuber biomass at dormancy. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Key results:</b> Despite ten-fold variation in size, species had similar physiological trait values under well-watered conditions. Chronic and acute droughts negatively affected tuber size at the end of the season, but only in the two species with large tubers. Chronic drought did not affect physiological traits of any species, but in response to acute drought, larger species showed reduced photosynthetic performance. Canopy area was the best predictor of final tuber biomass. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions:</b> Contradictory to the hypothesis that large tubers provide greater drought resiliency, in <i>Pelargonium </i>seedlings smallness actually increased drought tolerance, although at the expense of more vigorous growth compared to species with larger tubers under well-watered conditions. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.