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390 results for “Ecosystem Services”
Dataset from: The effects of crop type, landscape composition and agroecological practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical smallholder farms
<p>1. In the tropics, smallholder farming characterizes some of the world's most biodiverse landscapes. Agroecology as a pathway to sustainable agriculture has been proposed and implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, but the effects of agricultural practices in smallholder agriculture on biodiversity and ecosystem services are understudied. Similarly, the contribution of different landscape elements, such as shrubland or grassland cover, on biodiversity and ecosystem services to fields remains unknown.</p> <p>2. We selected 24 villages situated in landscapes with varying shrubland and grassland cover in Malawi. In each village, we assessed biodiversity of eight taxa and ecosystem services in relation to crop type, shrubland and grassland cover and the number of agroecological pest and soil management practices on smallholder's fields of different crop types (bean monoculture, maize-bean intercrop, and maize monoculture).</p> <p>3. Increasing shrubland cover altered carabid and soil bacteria communities. Carabid abundance increased in maize but decreased in intercrop and bean fields with increasing shrubland cover. Carabid abundance and richness and wasp abundance increased with soil management practices. Carabid, spider, and parasitoid abundances were higher in bean monocultures, but this was modulated by surrounding shrubland cover. Natural enemy abundances in beans were especially high in landscapes with little shrubland, possibly leading to lower bean damage in monocultures compared to intercropped fields, whereas maize monocultures had higher damage. In maize, grassland cover and pest management practices were positively related to damage. Carabid abundance was higher in fields with high bean damage and increased carabid richness in fields with high maize damage. Parasitoid abundance was negatively associated with bean damage.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis and application:</em> Our results suggest that maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services on smallholder farms is not achievable with a "one size fits all" approach but should instead be adapted to the landscape context and the priorities of smallholders. Shrubland is important to maintain carabid and soil bacterial diversity, but legume cultivation beneficial to natural enemies could complement pest management in landscapes with a low shrubland cover. An increased number of agroecological soil management practices can lead to improved pest control whilst the effectiveness of agroecological pest management practices needs to be re-evaluated.</p>
AV_D7.5_CS2 macroalgal cultivation_Faroe Islands_Ecosystem Service valuation 2023
<p>The dataset includes calculations for different ES provided by macroalgal cultivation with estimations from Norway and the Faroe Islands. Calculations are based on Wang et al. 2012 “Discharge of nutrient wastes from salmon farms: environmental effects, and potential for integrated multi-trophic aquaculture”. The dataset builds on dataset for this case study for AquaVitae deliverables D6.2 quantification of ES and D7.4 Socio-economic impact assessment of CSs of new/emerging LTS aquaculture, which in turn built on dataset for D7.3 Profitability analyses. For Deliverable D7.5 it is enhanced with data on ecosystem services related to kelp reforestation and their valuation.</p>
CS6 Sea urchin enhancement Norway – Ecosystem service analysis
<p>The dataset builds on dataset for this case study for AquaVitae deliverables D6.2 quantification of ES and D7.4 Socio-economic impact assessment of CSs of new/emerging LTS aquaculture, which in turn built on dataset for D7.3 Profitability analyses. For Deliverable D7.5 it is enhanced with data on ecosystem services related to kelp reforestation and their valuation.</p>
CS8 Native and non-native Oyster cultivation - Ecosystem service valuation in Brazil 2023
<p>This dataset relies on data collect from D6.2, Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina State (EPAGRI) and available literature. The purpose is to monetarily valuate the ecosystem services and disservices generated by oyster aquaculture in Southern Brazil. Data is presented in terms of productivity (t/year), nutrient retention and emission (kg/t) and economic value (€/year).</p>
Rural Landscape Simplification and Provision of Cultural Ecosystem Services. A Case Study in the Argentine Pampas
<p>This supplementary material consists of the <strong>survey questionnaire</strong> and the <strong>data set </strong>that gave rise to the article: <em>Rural Landscape Simplification and Provision of Cultural Ecosystem Services. A Case Study in the Argentine Pampas </em>publicado en el journal EARN Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales. Agricultural and Resource Economics <a href="https://economiaagroalimentaria.es/en/earn-journal/">https://economiaagroalimentaria.es/en/earn-journal/</a></p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2023.01.01">DOI: https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2023.01.01</a></p> <p><em>.</em></p> <p> </p>
Precision agricultural data and ecosystem services: can we put the pieces together?
<ol> <li>Ecosystem services can maintain or increase crop yield in agricultural systems, but data to support management decisions is expensive and time-consuming to collect. Furthermore, relationships derived from small-scale plot data may not apply to ecosystem services operating at larger spatial scales (fields, landscapes).</li> <li>Precision yield data can be used to improve the accuracy and geographic range of ecosystem service studies, but have been underused in previous studies: out of 370 literature records, we found that less than 2% of all records were used to study biotic or landscape effects on yield. We argue that this is likely due to low data accessibility and a lack of familiarity with spatial data analysis.</li> <li>We provide examples of analysis using simulated and real precision yield data and outline two case studies of ecosystem services using precision yield data. Ecologists and agronomists should consider using precision yield data more broadly, as it can be used to test hypotheses about ecosystem services across multiple spatial scales, and could be used to inform the design of multifunctional farming landscapes.</li> </ol>
Data set on the impact of selected plant protection products on ecosystem service providers, including interactive effects
<p>The Excel files contain the results of ecotoxicological tests for the effects of selected insecticides on ESP species. The objective of this dataset is to provide original data from acute and semi-chronic laboratory tests on a few important beneficial species with broad geographic distribution. The data allow the evaluation of delayed effects and possible interactive effects of combined treatments for those pesticides that are commonly used in mixtures or sprayed next to each other in short time intervals, effectively exposing non-target arthropods to combined/sequential effects. Each data file contains the “Description” sheet where all details of the test and the exact meaning of data fields in the database are reported. The data files are named in a self-explanatory manner, starting with the name of the institution that produced the data (UC – University of Coimbra; UJA – Jagiellonian University), followed by the name of the tested species and names of tested products.</p>
The ePEStemology database: a meta-analysis of 15 years of research on knowledge claims of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES)
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are a leading conservation finance tool to encourage land-users to deliver ecosystem services in exchange for financial incentives (Blundo-Canto et al., 2018; Kaiser et al., 2021; Salzman et al., 2018; Schomers and Matzdorf, 2013). They have generated considerable interest over the past two decades, following the publication of the UN’s Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA, 2005). Yet, there has been a dearth of analysis that reveals the outcomes and evolution of the PES research body itself, with most studies having a very specific or limited focus on the theoretical and empirical development of these PES programmes. The ePEStemology database assembles a systematic literature review into a meta-analysis aimed at understanding knowledge generation in PES research. The database allows for an analysis of key trends in how the body of literature on PES has informed scholars and practitioners since the emergence of this conservation tool.</p> <p><strong>Research questions and main objectives:</strong></p> <p>The ePEStemology database is the largest review of PES scientific research to date and addresses the following research questions:</p> <ul> <li>In the history of 15 years of PES research, what are the dominant criteria used to define and assess success of PES in practice? Are there geographical patterns in defining those criteria? Where does research take place? And by whom?</li> <li>What does 15 years of PES research illustrate in terms of the social and political consequences that arise in the implementation of PES? To what extent does literature engage with territorial dynamics and conflicting frameworks around nature’s values?</li> <li>How has PES research evolved? Do research recommendations feed into future research objectives over time?</li> <li>How does the epistemological position, including methods used, geographic location and disciplinary focus of authors among other variables, influence PES research outcomes?</li> </ul> <p>A core objective of the database is to ensure it remains a living compendium of PES research. While the database does not account for every peer-reviewed published article on PES, it facilitates the possibility of iteratively adding new publications or retroactively adding in missing articles as well as those that use cognate terms to define PES (e.g. as rewards or compensation for ecosystem services). The database also aims to serve as an important basis for future research questions on overall or regional trends emerging from PES research.</p> <p><strong>Search strategy</strong></p> <p>Using these key objectives and questions, we defined a set of variables (see attached) and search strategy to construct the ‘ePEStemology’ database. The database is populated by International Scientific Indexed (ISI) peer-reviewed journal articles. It includes Anglophone articles in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), using all of the search terms “PES”, “Payments for Ecosystem Services,” “Payment for Ecosystem Services,” “Payment for Environmental Service,” or Payments for Environmental Services” either in the title, abstract, or keywords of queried articles. </p> <p>Articles were excluded if they were produced in a language other than English or if they were book chapters, books, conference papers, reviews, or webpages. While recognizing the caveats of excluding research articles in other languages as well as in other media (e.g. as books or conference papers), we justify our approach in order to ensure consistency and comparability of the body of research literature.</p> <p>Following the different steps prescribed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol (Moher et al., 2009), we identified a total of 1,067 published articles between 2005 and 2019. We took the year 2005 as the starting point for published research on PES, following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005) of the same year as well as an initial seminal publication on the subject (Wunder, 2005). Initial screening of articles began in September, 2018 with a total of 1,215 ISI-peer reviewed research articles on PES identified between both the Scopus and WoS queries. Additional articles were included to account for the year 2019 in October, 2020 to total 1,439 articles.</p> <p>It is also worth noting that Scopus providing the greatest coverage of published articles on PES, accounting for 78% of the total identified. WoS accounted for 66% of the total, but also included 305 articles that did not fall within the Scopus search.</p> <p>The screening procedure for selecting articles was contingent on the time in which the search in SCOPUS and WoS were conducted. It should be noted that this systematic review does not account for every ISI-research article published on PES during the time period considered. Since the database search tools are continuously updated retroactively, the query date may alter the number of articles retrieved in the search, increasing them over time despite being limited to specific dates. However, even if the database gets adapted over time, we can safely assume that the corpus represents a representative account of peer-reviewed published research on PES. In addition to the language exclusions made (i.e. our database only includes Anglophone publications), there are various permutations on the PES terminology, including “payments for hydrological services,” “payments for watershed services”, “conservation payments,” “rewards for ecosystem services,” or “agro-ecological incentives,” and many others that make it challenging to fully account for every relevant article. However, the protocol does not include all these possible variations, but can easily allow these variations to be included and brought into the analysis at a later stage.</p> <p><strong>Coding strategy</strong></p> <p>For the initial database (2005-2019) four independent reviewers to review each abstract and full text of each article were selected (BT, CJ, GVH, VK). Each reviewer had experience in (empirical) PES research and have published peer-reviewed research on PES or other market-like transactions for ecosystem services (e.g. Tabaichount et al., 2019; Jacob et al., 2016; Van Hecken et al., 2015; Kolinjivadi and Sunderland, 2012). Broad variables of interest that guide our analysis (e.g. research objectives, disciplines, methods, author affiliations and positionality, geographical base, research outcomes, and others) served as the basis for coding. However, in order to establish a foundation of codes for each of these categories of interest and further refine each of those broader categories, the research team randomly selected 100 articles of the final 1,067 articles identified and applied a grounded theory open-coding process (e.g. Strauss and Corbin, 1990; Thornberg and Charmaz, 2014). The latter implies a process in which any preconceived identification for each category of interest was open to be further adapted prior to the final coding process. The iterative process of initial coding determined the most relevant sets of codes for each identified variable of interest, as well as possible values for each of them. Additional codes were added to the list as more articles were reviewed and until saturation was reached.</p> <p>After discussing and deciding on the final categories/variables with the whole group, all remaining articles in the corpus were evenly and randomly divided among all reviewers. On average, each of the four reviewers coded between 500 and 600 articles. </p> <p>Subsequently, and for over a period of 15 months, the coding team revised and coded all articles based on the abstracts and a review of the full text in case the abstract did not allow to accurately code some of the variables. Each article was independently (blindly) coded by two different reviewers. To ensure robustness of coding, pairs of reviewers for each set compared results of the coding process for each article through a triangulation process and resolved discrepancies through collective deliberation and cross-checked consensus.</p> <p><strong>Variable list</strong></p> <p>The variable list and description of variables and their corresponding values can be found in the attached Word-document</p>
Precision agricultural data and ecosystem services: can we put the pieces together?
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Evaluation of ecosystem service capacity using the integrated ecosystem services index at optimal scale in Central Yunnan, China
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Data from: Deer-mediated ecosystem service vs. disservice depends on forest management intensity
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Data from: Native cover crops enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services in hazelnut orchards
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Insectivore diet and abundance determine the contribution of bird species to services and disservices in an agricultural ecosystem
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Dataset from: The effects of crop type, landscape composition and agroecological practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical smallholder farms
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Experimental evidence of multiple ecosystem services and disservices provided by ecological intensification in Mediterranean agro-ecosystems
<p>1. Intensifying agricultural production in sustainable ways is pivotal to increasing food production while reducing environmental impacts. Ecological intensification is based on managing organisms that provide services underlying crop production to simultaneously intensify agricultural production and increase biodiversity. However, few studies address the interactions and trade-offs between biodiversity, multiple ecosystem services and crop production.</p> <p>2. We experimentally quantified the effect of uncultivated field margins, a prominent practice of ecological intensification, on agricultural production, biodiversity, as well as on multiple ecosystem services and disservices, in an intensive Mediterranean agro-ecosystem. We used a split-plot design and sampled butterflies, rodent and arthropod pests, arthropod natural enemies (both parasitoids and predators), weeds, damage to crop and crop yield in different distances into the field in three tomato and eleven wheat crops along the growing season.</p> <p>3. Field margins increased natural enemy densities, reduced pest-damage to crop and consequently increased yield in tomato crops. Notably, we found that pest control by one predator species was dominant in the field centre, while parasitoid natural enemies were confined to the field edges. Pest control was more prominent in the late crop-stage compared to early season sampling and field margins increased weed control in tomato crops by reducing weed cover.</p> <p>4. Field margins increased natural enemy densities in wheat at the beginning of the season, but effects on arthropod pests were inconsistent. Field margins slightly increased weed cover, but had no impact on rodent densities and total yield.</p> <p>5. Butterfly abundance, but not richness, was positively affected by vegetated field margins.</p> <p>6. <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Our results highlight the importance of a mechanistic and holistic approach to promoting ecological intensification. Although field margins provided pest and weed control in the highly intensive tomato crop, they increased weed cover in wheat, which could potentially restrict yields at the field scale. Farmers' guidelines should therefore consider the interactive effects of multiple services on a variety of crops. Moreover, biodiversity components that do not provide crop production services should be independently targeted (e.g. by sowing plants that provide food resources).</p>
Data from: A place-based participatory mapping approach for assessing cultural ecosystem services in urban green space
1. Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) encompass a range of social, cultural and health benefits to local communities, for example recreation, spirituality, a sense of place and local identity. However, these complex and place-specific CES are often overlooked in rapid land management decisions and assessed using broad, top–down approaches. 2. We use the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) to examine a novel approach to rapid assessment of local CES provision using inductive, participatory methods. We combined free-listing and participatory geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to quantify and map perceptions of current CES provision of an urban green space. The results were then statistically compared with those of a proposed alternative scenario with the aim to inform future decision-making. 3. By identifying changes in the spatial hotspots of CES in our study area, we revealed a spatially-specific shift toward positive sentiment regarding several CES under the alternative state with variance across demographic and stakeholder groups. Response aggregations in areas of proposed development reveal previously unknown stakeholder preferences to local decision-makers and highlight potential trade-offs for conservation management. Free-listed responses revealed deeper insight into personal opinion and context. 4. This work serves as a useful case study on how the perceptions and opinions of local people regarding local CES could be accounted for in the future planning of an urban greenspace and how thorough analysis of CES provision is important to fully-inform local-scale conservation and planning for the mutual benefit of local communities and nature.
Data from: Current and historical land use influence soil-based ecosystem services in an urban landscape
Urban landscapes are increasingly recognized as providing important ecosystem services (ES) to their occupants. Yet, urban ES assessments often ignore the complex spatial heterogeneity and land-use history of cities. Soil-based services may be particularly susceptible to land-use legacy effects. We studied indicators of three soil-based ES – carbon storage, water quality regulation, and runoff regulation – in a historically agricultural urban landscape and asked: (1) How do ES indicators vary with contemporary land cover and time since development? (2) Do ES indicators vary primarily among land-cover classes, within land-cover classes, or within sites? (3) What is the relative contribution of urban land-cover classes to potential citywide ES provision? We measured biophysical indicators (soil carbon (C), available phosphorus (P), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks)) in 100 sites across 5 land-cover classes, spanning an ~125 year gradient of time since development within each land-cover class. Potential for ES provision was substantial in urban green spaces, including developed land. Runoff regulation services (high Ks) were highest in forests; water quality regulation (low P) was highest in open spaces and grasslands; and open spaces and developed land (e.g., residential yards) had the highest C storage. In developed land covers, both C and P increased with time since development, indicating effects of historical land-use on contemporary ES and tradeoffs between two important ES. Among-site differences accounted for a high proportion of variance in soil properties in forests, grasslands, and open space, while residential areas had high within-site variability – underscoring the leverage city residents have to improve urban ES provision. Developed land covers contributed most ES supply at the citywide scale, even after accounting for potential impacts of impervious surfaces. Considering the full mosaic of urban green space and its history is needed to estimate the kinds and magnitude of ES provided in cities, and to augment regional ES assessments that often ignore or underestimate urban ES supply.
Data from: Can avian functional traits predict cultural ecosystem services?
<ol> <li><span>The functional trait diversity of species assemblages can predict the provision of ecosystem services such as pollination and carbon sequestration, but it is unclear whether the same trait-based framework can be applied to identify the factors that underpin cultural ecosystem services and disservices. </span></li> <li><span>To explore the relationship between traits and the contribution of species to cultural ecosystem services and disservices, we conducted 404 questionnaire surveys with birdwatchers and local residents in Guanacaste, Costa Rica.</span></li> <li><span>We used an information-theoretic approach to identify which of 20 functional traits for 199 Costa Rican bird species best predicted their cultural ecosystem service scores related to birdwatching, acoustic aesthetics, education and local identity, as well as disservices (e.g., harm to crops). </span></li> <li><span>We found that diet was the most important variable explaining perceptions of cultural ecosystem service and disservice providers. Aesthetic traits such as plumage colour and pattern were important in explaining birdwatching scores. We also found people have a high affinity for forest-affiliated birds. </span></li> <li><span>The insight that functional traits can explain variation among cultural perspectives on values derived from birds offers a first step towards a trait-based system for understanding the species attributes that underpin cultural ecosystem services and disservices.</span></li> </ol>
Geospatial dataset for Cumulative Impact assessment, Sea Use conflict analysis and Marine Ecosystem Services assessment in the Adriatic Ionian Region
<p>Geospatial dataset for Cumulative Impact assessment, Sea Use conflict analysis and Marine Ecosystem Services assessment in the Adriatic Ionian Region (reference year 2014).</p> <p>The datasets are derived from ADRIPLAN Portal (http://data.adriplan.eu/).</p>
A Refined Supply-demand Framework to Quantify variability in Ecosystem Services Related to Surface Water in support of Sustainable Development Goals
<p>The file named 'Results' stores the data produced in this study. The file named 'Scripts' stores the python codes used in this study. The file named 'Software' stores the software installation package (Windows 64-bit system). The file named '3basin' stores the shapefile data of Level 3 basin in Xinjiang.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.