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88 results for “El Niño”
2015/16 El Niño increased water demand and pushed plants from a Mesic tropical montane grassland beyond their hydraulic safety limits
<p>In 2015/16, a strong El Niño event caused anomalously high temperatures and reduced precipitation resulting in Pantropical drought‐induced diebacks and wildfires. Although many studies have documented the El Niño impacts on tropical forests, little we know about its effects on tropical grasslands. Here, we investigated plant drought responses during and after the 2015/16 El Niño event (Jun 2016 to Aug 2017) in 12 species with contrasting drought strategies (tolerance, avoidance and escape) in a Brazilian tropical montane grassland. We tested if (1) the El Niño event induced meteorological drought anomalies, (2) the atmospheric and/or soil drought led to plant water stress and (3) plants showed signs of drought recovery. In contrast to other tropical areas, we found that the 2015/16 El Niño event did not strongly affect precipitation in our study site. However, it increased air temperature and vapour pressure deficit, thus pushing all grassland species, even the most drought‐tolerant ones, beyond their hydraulic safety margins during the dry season. Most species showed signs of drought recovery, returning to positive hydraulic margins in the wet season after the El Niño. However, the finding that all evaluated species, regardless of their drought‐response strategy, are already operating close to their hydraulic safe thresholds for stomatal closure and turgor loss suggests that this cool–humid tropical montane grassland is especially vulnerable to meteorological extremes exacerbated by the additive effects of El Niño and climate change.</p>
Coupling and de-coupling of the El Niño Southern Oscillation to the supply of larval fishes to benthic populations in the Hawaiian Islands
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Data from: El Niño drives a widespread ulcerative skin disease outbreak in Galapagos marine fishes
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Data from: Coupling is key for the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans to boost super El Niño
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2015/16 El Niño increased water demand and pushed plants from a Mesic tropical montane grassland beyond their hydraulic safety limits
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Data from: Resilience of seed production to a severe El Niño‐induced drought across functional groups and dispersal types
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CESM1.2 simulation output for: The role of westerly wind bursts during different seasons versus ocean heat recharge in the development of extreme El Niño in a climate model
<p>This is the subset of CESM1.2 model simulation output that was used for analysis and visualization of Yu and Fedorov [2020] (DOI:10.1029/2020GL088381). Please refer to README for details.</p>
Data from: Female Infidelity Is Constrained by El Niño Conditions in a Long-lived Bird
Explaining the remarkable variation in socially monogamous females' extra-pair (EP) behaviour revealed by decades of molecular paternity testing remains an important challenge. One hypothesis proposes that restrictive environmental conditions (e.g. extreme weather, food scarcity) limit females' resources and increase EP behaviour costs, forcing females to reduce EP reproductive behaviours. For the first time, we tested this hypothesis by directly quantifying within-pair and EP behaviours rather than inferring behaviour from paternity. We evaluated whether warmer sea surface temperatures depress total pre-laying reproductive behaviours, and particularly EP behaviours, in socially paired female blue-footed boobies (Sula nebouxii). Warm waters in the Eastern Pacific are associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation and lead to decreased food availability and reproductive success in this and other marine predators. With warmer waters, females decreased their neighbourhood attendance, total copulation frequency, and laying probability, suggesting that they contend with restricted resources by prioritizing self-maintenance and committing less to reproduction, sometimes abandoning the attempt altogether. Females were also less likely to participate in EP courtship and copulations, but when they did, rates of these behaviours were unaffected by water temperature. Females' neighbourhood attendance, total copulation frequency, and EP courtship probability responded to temperature differences at the between-season scale, and neighbourhood attendance and EP copulation probability were affected by within-season fluctuations. Path analysis indicated that decreased EP participation was not attributable to reduced female time available for EP activities. Together, our results suggest that immediate time and energy constraints were not the main factors limiting females' infidelity. Our study shows that El Niño conditions depress female boobies' EP participation and total reproductive activity. In addition to increasing general self-maintenance and reproductive costs, warm waters may increase costs specific to EP behaviours including divorce, reduced male parental care or pathogen exposure. Our results suggest that female boobies strategically refrained from EP behaviours to avoid these or other longer term costs, rather than being compelled by immediate constraints. This study demonstrates that current environmental conditions affect females' mating decisions, contributing to variation in EP behaviours, even in a long-lived, iteroparous species that can buffer against temporary adversity.
Data from: Breaking out of the comfort zone: El Niño-Southern Oscillation as a driver of trophic flows in a benthic consumer of the Humboldt Current ecosystem
The trophic flow of a species is considered a characteristic trait reflecting its trophic position and function in the ecosystem and its interaction with the environment. However, climate patterns are changing and we ignore how patterns of trophic flow are being affected. In the Humboldt Current ecosystem, arguably one of the most productive marine systems, El Niño-Southern Oscillation is the main source of interannual and longer-term variability. To assess the effect of this variability on trophic flow we built a 16-year series of mass-specific somatic production rate (P/B) of the Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), a species belonging to a former tropical fauna that thrived in this cold ecosystem. A strong increase of the P/B ratio of this species was observed during nutrient-poor, warmer water conditions typical of El Niño, owing to the massive recruitment of fast-growing juvenile scallops. Trophic ecology theory predicts that when primary production is nutrient limited, the trophic flow of organisms occupying low trophic levels should be constrained (bottom-up control). For former tropical fauna thriving in cold, productive upwelling coastal zones, a short time of low food conditions but warm waters during El Niño could be sufficient to waken their ancestral biological features and display massive proliferations.
San José y el Niño Jesús
San José y el Niño Jesús Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Positive effects of liana cutting on seedlings are reduced during El Niño-induced drought
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Liana cutting is a management practice currently applied to encourage seedling regeneration and tree growth in some logged tropical forests. However, there is limited empirical evidence of its effects on forest demographic rates in Southeast Asia. We used 22 four-hectare plots in the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment (a reduced impact logging site) enrichment line planted with 16 dipterocarp species to assess the effects of complete liana cutting on tree growth and survival. We compared plots where lianas were only cut along planting lines (standard enrichment line planting) with those with one (2014) or two rounds (2011 and 2014) of complete liana cutting. We found increased seedling growth following the first complete liana cut in 2011 relative to the enrichment line planting, consistent with previous studies. The response after three years to the cutting in 2014 depended on whether lianas had been previously cut or not: in twice-cut plots, seedling growth was not significantly different from the standard enrichment planting controls, whereas growth in plots with only one complete cut in 2014 was significantly slower. Seedling survival decreased through time for both once- and twice-cut liana treatments but remained stable in controls. Sapling growth after the 2014 liana cutting showed a similar pattern to seedling growth, while tree growth following the 2014 liana cutting was significantly lower than controls regardless of whether lianas were cut twice (2011 and 2014) or once (2014). Differences in response between the two rounds of liana cutting were likely due to changes in precipitation - 2011 was followed by consistent rainfall while 2014 was followed by two severe droughts within 2 years. Synthesis and applications. Our results generally support the widely-reported positive effects of liana cutting on tree growth and survival. However, reduced growth and survival after the 2015/16 El Niño suggests that drought may temporarily undermine the benefits of liana cutting in logged tropical forests. Managers of similar areas in SE Asia should consider halting liana cutting during El Niño events. In other tropical areas, seedling survival should be monitored to assess to what extent results from SE Asia are transferable.</p> <p><strong>Link to data repository:</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2sq2d9m" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DOI</a></p>
LCS simulation data for single-year and multi-year El Niños
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Phytoplankton Community Patterns in the Northeastern South China Sea: Implications of intensified Kuroshio intrusion during the 2015/16 El Niño
<p>Phytoplankton Community Patterns in the Northeastern South China Sea:<br> Implications of intensified Kuroshio intrusion during the 2015/16 El Niño</p>
Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Sources of the Asymmetric El Niño La Niña Decay and their Future Changes
<p>The model data output supporting the figures shown in the manuscript.</p> <p>For further details, please see</p> <p>Jiepeng Chen, Jin-Yi Yu, Sheng Chen, Xin Wang, Ziniu Xiao, Shih-Wei Fang (2022). Tropical and Subtropical Pacific Sources of the Asymmetric El Niño La Niña Decay and their Future Changes. Accepted at Geophysical Research Letters.</p>
Effects of El Niño drought on seedling dynamics in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northern Thailand
<p><span>As El Niño is predicted to become stronger and more frequent in the future, it is crucial to understand how El Niño-induced droughts will affect tropical forests. Although many studies have focused on tropical rainforests, there is a paucity of studies on them, particularly in Asia, and few studies have focused on seedling dynamics, which are expected to be strongly affected by drought. Seedlings in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) are generally more drought-tolerant than those in the rainforests, and the effects of El Niño-induced droughts may differ between SDTF and tropical rainforests. In this study, we explored the impact of El Niño-induced drought at an SDTF in northern Thailand by monitoring the seedling dynamics at monthly intervals for seven years, including a period of strong El Niño. The effects were compared between two forest types in an SDTF: a </span><span>deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDF)</span><span>, dominated by deciduous species, and an adjacent </span><span>lower montane forest</span><span> (LMF) with more evergreen species. El Niño-induced drought increased seedling mortality in both forest types. The effect of drought was stronger in evergreen than in the deciduous species, resulting in higher mortality in the LMF during El Niño. However, El Niño increased seedling recruitment only in the DDF, mainly because of the massive recruitment of the deciduous oak, <em>Quercus brandisiana</em> (Fagaceae), which compensated for the mortality of seedlings in the DDF. As a result, El Niño increased seedling density in the DDF and decreased it in the LMF. This is the first long-term study to identify the differences in the impacts of El Niño on seedlings between the two forest types, DDF and LMF, and two leaf habits, evergreen and deciduous, in Southeast Asia. Our findings suggest that future climate change may alter the species composition and spatial distribution of seedlings in Asian SDTFs.</span></p>
Persistently active El Niño–Southern Oscillation since the Mesozoic
<p>Data generated in this study are archived here.</p>
The history of the El Niño‒Southern Oscillation and sea surface salinity during 1376‒1500 CE reconstructed by Porites coral δ18O from Huangyan Island, South China Sea
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Large diatom bloom off the Antarctic Peninsula during cool conditions associated with the 2015/2016 El Niño: data availability
<p>This dataset contains the results of phytoplankton chemotaxonomic groups derived from the HPLC/CHEMTAX analysis. The data were collected during the late spring and mid-late summer (November, January and February, respectively) of 2015/2016 along the Northern Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset includes an additional content in respect to diatom biomass proportion, collected between 2008-2017 during the late summer (February) along the Northern Antarctic Peninsula. The indices used in the study are also presented. </p>
Ocean currents magnify upwelling and deliver nutritional subsidies to reef-building corals during El Niño heatwaves
<p>This is the data and code associated with the manuscript: Fox et al. Ocean currents magnify upwelling and deliver nutritional subsidies to reef-building corals during El Niño heatwaves. Science Advances June 2023</p>
Changes in BVOC emissions in response to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation | Data & scripts
<p>Data and Python scripts used for the study "Changes in BVOC emissions in response to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation" Vella et al. Preprint published on EGUSphere on 03 May 2023.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.