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47 results for “Emsian”
Data from: An Early Devonian actinostelic euphyllophyte with secondary growth from the Emsian of Gaspé (Canada) and the importance of tracheid wall thickening patterns in early euphyllophyte systematics
<p>Secondary growth is a tracheophyte structural feature whose earliest known occurrence dates to the late Pragian-early Emsian. <i>Armoricaphyton</i>, <i>Franhueberia</i> and an unnamed plant from eastern Canada represent the only instances of secondary growth documented to date for the Early Devonian. Here, we describe a new Early Devonian euphyllophyte exhibiting secondary growth, from the Emsian (c. 400-395 Ma) Battery Point Formation (Québec, Canada): <i>Gmujij</i> <i>tetraxylopteroides</i> gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by a mesarch actinostele with <i>Psilophyton</i>-type (P-type) tracheid wall thickenings and exhibits a new type of anatomical organization among Early Devonian wood-producing euphyllophytes. <i>Gmujij</i> differs from coeval euphyllophytes, but lack of data on branching patterns, reproductive structures and other traditional diagnostic features preclude classification among previously recognized euphyllophyte groups. We experiment with a numerical approach to tracheid size distributions, to compare <i>Gmujij</i> with younger euphyllophytes exhibiting secondary growth. Comparisons show similarity between <i>Gmujij</i> and aneurophytalean progymnosperms, such as <i>Tetraxylopteris</i>. However, its plesiomorphic P-type tracheids set apart<i> Gmujij</i> from younger actinostelic euphyllophytes, raising questions on the importance of tracheid thickening patterns as diagnostic characters separating major lineages. Answers to this question hinge on whether transitions between wall thickening patterns require simple or complex changes in developmental regulation, a matter that requires improved understanding of regulatory programs that determine tracheid thickening patterns. Irrespective of these, <i>Gmujij</i> adds a new component to the diversity of anatomically preserved plants known in the Early Devonian, an incompletely explored interval of tracheophyte anatomical diversification, contributing information that will help understanding of the evolutionary origins of secondary growth.</p>
Fig. 1 in Lower Devonian (Emsian) rugose corals from the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain
Fig. 1. Geographical and geological location of Colle (modified from Garcia−Alcalde 1999).
Redescription of the cranial skeleton of the Early Devonian (Emsian) sarcopterygian Durialepis edentatus Otto, 2007 (Dipnomorpha; Porolepiformes)
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Data from: An Early Devonian actinostelic euphyllophyte with secondary growth from the Emsian of Gaspé (Canada) and the importance of tracheid wall thickening patterns in early euphyllophyte systematics
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Data from: Emsian Ammonoidea and the age of the Hunsrück Slate (Rhenish Mountains, Western Germany)
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Text-fig. 7A. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, BMNH E3353, x 3. Extreme horizontal arm bending: Arm loop with half-twist in Hunsrück Slate. In the proximal part of the arm the view is of the upper surface, but after the loop the view is of the lower surface. Seven arm segments (six articulations) bend 180 degrees, indicating 30 degrees of bend per articulation. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 7A. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, BMNH E3353, x 3. Extreme horizontal arm bending: Arm loop with half-twist in Hunsrück Slate. In the proximal part of the arm the view is of the upper surface, but after the loop the view is of the lower surface. Seven arm segments (six articulations) bend 180 degrees, indicating 30 degrees of bend per articulation.
Text-fig. 1. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, specimens PWL 1996 57LS (NMM) top image (A) x 1.5, and PWL 1996 66LS (NMM) bottom image (B) x 1.7. Specimen with rays bent into strong curves. Such flexibility and attitudes of rays differentiate the behavioral ecology of Eospondylus from all other Hunsrück Slate ophiuroids. Delicateness of the top specimen and robustness of the bottom specimen is perhaps the combined result of real phenotypic differences, differences of preserved detail, and differences of distortion of the rock. [courtesy of Herbert Lutz and Thomas Engel; photos by Alexander Glass]. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 1. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate, specimens PWL 1996 57LS (NMM) top image (A) x 1.5, and PWL 1996 66LS (NMM) bottom image (B) x 1.7. Specimen with rays bent into strong curves. Such flexibility and attitudes of rays differentiate the behavioral ecology of Eospondylus from all other Hunsrück Slate ophiuroids. Delicateness of the top specimen and robustness of the bottom specimen is perhaps the combined result of real phenotypic differences, differences of preserved detail, and differences of distortion of the rock. [courtesy of Herbert Lutz and Thomas Engel; photos by Alexander Glass].
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