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Figure 3. Grania crassiducta Coates, 1990 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 3. Grania crassiducta Coates, 1990. (A) Ventral chaeta of segment XIII; (B) cephalic region, dorsal view (note, in particular, the globular inclusions of the head organ just above the anterior end of the dorsal blood vessel); (C) cephalic region of a different specimen in laterosagittal view, showing the position of the head organ inside the peristomium; (D) coelomocytes; (E) sperm funnel; (F) lateral view of the penial apparatus, showing the terminal tract of stylet inside the aglandular sac.

Figure 2 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 2. (A) Grania bykane Coates, 1990, chaetae from different segments as indicated by Roman numerals; (B) Grania crassiducta Coates, 1990, chaetae from different segments as indicated by Roman numerals. l, lateral chaeta; v, ventral chaeta.

Figure 6 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 6. Grania quaerens sp. n. (A) Clitellum, dorsolateral view; (B) dorsal chaeta of segment XX; (C) dorsal view of prostomium and anterior segments (I–IV); (D) cephalic region, laterosagittal view (the arrowhead points to the inner cavity at the tip of prostomium); (E) ventrolateral view of clitellum, with stylet protruding from male pore; (F) vas deferens and penial apparatus; (G) spermatheca; (H) lateral view of caudal region, showing rectal ampulla; (I) coelomocytes.

Figure 1. Grania bykane Coates, 1990 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 1. Grania bykane Coates, 1990. (A) Cephalic region, dorsolateral view showing the head organ; (B) clitellum (lateral view); (C) coelomocytes; (D) ventral chaeta of segment XIV; (E) late spermatid bundle, showing the spiral structure of the nuclei; (F) sperm funnel; (G) penial bulb with stylet; the arrowhead points to the proximal constriction of the stylet.

Figure 5 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 5. (A) Grania ersei Coates, 1990, chaetae from different segments as indicated by Roman numerals. (B–D) Grania quaerens sp. n.: (B) chaetae from different segments as indicated by Roman numerals; (C) spermatheca; (D) lateral view of the penial apparatus. (C) and (D) shown to the same scale. l, lateral chaeta; v, ventral chaeta.

Figure 9 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 9. Grania vacivasa Coates and Stacey, 1993. (A) Ventral chaeta of segment XXIX; (B) dorsolateral view of cephalic region; (C, D) pygidium in lateral (C) and ventral (D) views, showing expanded rectal ampulla; (E) caudal segments showing large sponge spicules inside gut lumen.

Figure 8 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 8. (A, B) Grania sperantia sp. n. (A) Chaetae from different segments as indicated by Roman numerals (all ventral chaetae); (B) dorsal view of the spermatheca and pharyngeal glands of segment V; (C) Grania vacivasa Coates and Stacey, 1993, chaetae from different segments as indicated by Roman numerals (all ventral chaetae).

Figure 7 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 7. Grania sperantia sp. n. (A, B) Cephalic region in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views, showing the head organ and its hollowed inclusions; (C) ventral view of clitellum; (D) detail of the anterior part of clitellum, showing (above) the two anterior sub-bands of rectangular hyaline cells, intermingled or not with small refringent cells, and (below) the middle band made of hyaline and pale granular, polygonal cells; (E) ventrolateral view of penial bulb; (F) ventral chaeta of segment XXXVII, turned somewhat frontally; (G, H) pygidium in lateral (G) and ventral (H) views, showing rectal ampulla.

Figure 4 in The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species

Figure 4. (A–C) Grania dolichura Rota and Erséus, 2000: (A) coelomocytes; (B) cephalic region, dorsolateral view; (C) ventral chaeta of segment LXVII. (D–G) Grania ersei Coates, 1990: (D) tip of cephalic region in dorsolateral view, showing a shallow optical section of the prostomium and the typical bilobed outline of the head organ; (E) cephalic region of a different specimen. Deeper optical section through the head organ showing the location of inclusions inside the ''empty'' compartments; (F) coelomocytes; (G) terminal tract of the vas deferens and the enclosed penial stylet in an unusual loose state; the stylet length is more than twice the length of segment XII.

Fig. 12. Enchytraeus Henle, 1837 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 12. Enchytraeus Henle, 1837 species tree, based on COI, H3 and 16S rRNA gene (Bayes analysis, *BEAST). Posterior probabilities greater than 0.5 are shown at the nodes. Accession codes of sequences with collection information are given in Table 1. Abbreviation: n = number of included specimens for each species. Scale bar = 0.07 substitutions per nucleotide.

Fig. 8 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 8. Micrograph of Enchytraeus krumbachi (Čejka, 1913). A–B, D, F. In vivo. C, E, G–H. Fixed, stained. A–B. Sperm ducts (thick-wall portion marked with black arrow, thin-wall portions marked with white arrows). C. Large sperm sacs with more lobes (slide 2868, ELTE). D–E. Male copulatory apparates (many accessory glands marked with arrows). E. Slide 2868 (ELTE). F–H. Spermathecae (ampulla rounded without diverticula). G. Slide 2867 (ELTE). H. Slide 2872 (ELTE). Scale bars = 50 μm. Abbreviation: pbc = primer gland.

Fig. 11 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 11. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the H3 gene for specimens of the Enchytraeus albidus species complex, based on 225 nucleotide positions using the Kimura 2-parameter substitution model. Bootstrap values greater than 50 are shown at the nodes. Accession codes of sequences with collection information are given in Table 1. Scale bar: 0.01 substitutions per nucleotide.

Fig. 10 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 10. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of the COI gene for specimens of the Enchytraeus albidus species complex, based on 568 nucleotide positions using the General Time Reversible substitution model. Bootstrap values greater than 50 are shown at the nodes. Accession codes of sequences with collection information are given in Table 1. Scale bar: 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide.

Fig. 9 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 9. Micrograph of Enchytraeus irregularis Nielsen & Christensen, 1961. A–H, J, K. In vivo. I, L. Fixed, stained. I. Slide 2110 (ELTE). L. Slide 574 (ELTE). A. Brain (refractile globules marked with arrows). B. Clitellar glands, dorsolateral view. C. Coelomocytes. D. Head, anterior bifurcation of blood vessel with red blood (head pore marked with arrow). E. Chloragogen cells. F. Male copulatory organ (lateral view). G. Sperm funnels. H. Segments XII–XIII (male copulatory organ marked with black arrow, extra sexual gland marked with white arrow). I. Multiple copulatory glands (lateral view, primary gland marked with arrow). J. Extra sexual glands in XIII, ventro-lateral view. K–L. Spermathecae (diverticula marked with arrows). Scale bars: A–B, D–L = 50 μm; C = 20 μm. Abbreviation: s = sperm sacs.

Fig. 7 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 7. Micrograph of Enchytraeus krumbachi (Čejka, 1913). A–B, D–F, H–I. In vivo. C, G. Fixed, stained. A. Chaetae in ventral bundles preclitellarly (surplus chaetae marked with arrow). B. Coelomocytes. C. Clitellar glands, dorsal view (slide 2868, ELTE). D. Clitellar glands, lateral view (near to male copulatory apparates more granular glands). E. Between the two male copulatory apparates (marked with arrows) and middle ventrally only granulocytes. F–G. Pharyngeal glands (in F first and secondary glands connected dorsally, in G these glands near to each other but not connected dorsally, the spermathecae marked with arrows). G. Slide 2867 (ELTE). H. Sperm sacs in X–XI. I. Sperm funnel. Scale bars = 50 μm. Abbreviation: sf = sperm funnel.

Fig. 6 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 6. Micrograph of Enchytraeus albidus Henle, 1837 s. str. A–C, E–H, K–L. In vivo. D, I. Fixed, stained. J. Fixed, not stained. A. Chaetae in ventral bundles preclitellarly. B. Clitellar glands, dorsal view. C–D. Ventral recess between the lip-like folds in XII. D. Slide 3047 (ELTE). E–F Sperm ducts (In F the ciliated canal marked with arrow). G. Nephridium. H. Sperm funnel. I. Multiple male glands (larger primary bulb marked with arrows) (slide 3048, ELTE). J. Lip-like fold (slide 3028, ELTE). K–L. Spermathecae (diverticula marked with black arrow, glands at ectal duct marked with white arrow). Scale bars = 50 μm.

Fig. 5 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 5. Micrograph of Enchytraeus andrasiformis sp. nov. A–C, F–G, I, K. Holotype (slide 3132, En. 4; ELTE). A–C, F–G, K. In vivo. D–E, H–J, L. Fixed, stained. A. Brain. B. Clitellar glands, dorsal view. C. Clitellar glands, lateral view (three eggs visible). D. Paratype (slide 3094, P.145.2, ELTE), chaetae in ventral bundles with surplus chaetae, preclitellarly. E. Paratype (slide 3093, P.145.1, ELTE), pharyngeal glands. F. Coelomocytes. G. Sperm funnel. H. Paratype (slide 3094, P.145.2). J. Paratype (slide 3094, P.145.2, ELTE). L. Paratype (slide 3093, P.145.1, ELTE). H–I. Multiple male glands (large primary bulb marked with black arrows, extra sexual glands marked with white arrows). J–L. Spermathecae. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Fig. 1 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of spermathecae of the specimens studied.A. Enchytraeus adrianensis sp. nov. B. E. krumbachi (Čejka, 1913). C–D. E. andrasi sp. nov. E. E. andrasiformis sp. nov. F. E. albidus Henle, 1837. G. E. irregularis Nielsen & Christensen, 1961.

Fig. 4 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 4. Micrograph of Enchytraeus andrasi sp. nov. A–C, E, G–I, K. In vivo. D, F, J. Fixed, stained. A. Brain. B. Chaetae in ventral bundles preclitellarly (surplus chaetae marked with arrow). C. Clitellar glands of holotype, dorsal view. D. Paratype (slide 2870, P.144.1, ELTE), pharyngeal glands. E. Clitellar glands of holotype, ventral view (male lip-like folds marked with arrows, between the folds the glands absent: marked with *). F. Paratype (slide 2870, P. 144.1, ELTE), nephridium at 7/. G. Sperm duct. 8 H. Sperm funnel. I. Sperm duct and many small eggs. J. Holotype (slide 2871, En.3, ELTE), multiple male glands of holotype (large primary bulb marked with arrow). K. Spermatheca (large diverticulum marked with short black arrow, small diverticula like protrusions marked with white arrows, ectal duct covered with glands marked with long, black arrow). Scale bars = 50 μm.

Fig. 2 in New insights into the Enchytraeus albidus complex (Annelida, Enchytraeidae), with the description of three new species from seashores in Italy and Croatia

Fig. 2. Micrograph of Enchytraeus adrianensis sp. nov. A–D, I–J. In vivo. E–H, K–L. Fixed, stained. A. Brain (small aggregations of refractile globules marked with arrows). B. Chaetae in a ventral bundles with 3 surplus chaetae. C. Clitellar glands in regular rows. D. Clitellar glands in reticulate pattern. E. Paratype (slide 2748, P.143.3, ELTE). F. Slide 2684 (ELTE). H. Slide 2761 (ELTE). K. Paratype (slide 2851, P.143.10, ELTE). L. Paratype (slide 2760, P.143.6). E–F. Clitellar glands, ventral view (male copulatory organs marked with black arrow, between these organs the granulocytes marked with white arrows). G. Paratype (slide 2856, P.143.15, ELTE), first pharyngeal glands free dorsally. H. All pharyngeal glands connected dorsally (spermathecae marked with arrows). I–K. Coelomocytes (in J the small hyaline, refracting corpuscules also present). L. Large paired lobes of sperm sacs. Scale bars: A–I, K–L = 50 μm; J = 20 μm.