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104 results for “Eusociality”
Figure 3 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 3. Summary of the evidence for eusocial evolution in stem groups. A, overview of the phylogenetic relationships of the total clade Formicidae, with key biological traits mapped. F+, winged females; f-, wingless females; D, developmental simplification of the mesosoma; and B*, brood care. Solid squares, trait confirmed as present; empty squares, trait confirmed as absent; half-filled squares, trait confirmed as variable; question marks, state uncertain; black square with asterisk, new evidence provided in the present study. B, exemplars of females with the full and complex complement of flight sclerites, namely the mesoscutum (green), mesoscutellum (blue), and metanotum (magenta). C, exemplars of wingless †Zigrasimeciinae demonstrating independent convergence on the extremely simplified mesosomal form of various crown Formicidae, illustrated in this case by Discothyrea (Proceratiinae). D, exemplars of the Antennoclypeata, showing a similar degree of sclerite reduction between †Brownimecia and crown Formicidae. Notes: The topology in 1A is summarized from Johnson et al. (2013), Barden & Grimaldi (2016) and Boudinot et al. (2020a). Images for rows 1B, C were downloaded from AntWeb (2021); taxon names, imagers and unique specimen identifiers are listed from left to right, top to bottom are as follows: †Zigrasimecia tonsora Barden & Grimaldi, 2013 (P. Barden, ANTWEB1008098); †Dhagnathos autokrator Perrichot et al., 2020 (V. Perrichot, FANTWEB00022); †Linguamyrmex rhinocerus Miao & Wang, 2019 (V. Perrichot, FANTWEB00016); †Protozigrasimecia chauli Cao et al., 2020c (H. Cao, FANTWEB00051); †Zigrasimecia ufv-01 (J. Chaul, ANTWEB10141055); Discothyrea bobi Chaul, 2020 (J. Chaul, UFV-LABECOL-000032); †Brachyponera croceicornis (Emery, 1900) (F. Esteves, CASENT0916594); Brachyponera croceicornis (Emery, 1900) (A. Nobile, CASENT0172432); †Brownimecia clavata Grimaldi et al., 1997 (V. Perrichot, AMNH-NJ667).
Figure 7 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 7. Maxillary and labial palps of †G. gracilis and †G. sternorhabda sp. nov.. Small black stars indicate each palpomere on the right-hand side of the body. A, B, †G. gracilis adult, CASENT0741232, in anterior dorsolateral oblique view (A) and anterior view (B). C, D, †G. gracilis pupa, CASENT0741231, in anterior view (C) and anterior dorsolateral view (D). E, F, †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. holotype, CASENT0741233, and paratype, CASENT0741234, in anteroventral oblique view. Abbreviations: pl, labial palp; plp, process of the proximal labial palpomere; pm, maxillary palp; pm?, possible maxillary palpomere.
Figure 17. Couplet 7 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 17. Couplet 7: transverse sulci of mesosoma broad (7-1) or narrow (7'-1). (7-1) †G. gracilis holotype, JZC-Bu324 (P. Barden, AntWeb), mesosoma in lateral view. (7'-1) †G. gracilis group indet., ANTWEB1032529 (J. Chaul, AntWeb), mesosoma in lateral view.
Figure 16. Couplet 6 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 16. Couplet 6: meso- and metathorax forming continuous slope (6-1) or a pair of bulges (6'-1). (6-1) †G. robusta holotype, JZC-Bu223 (P. Barden, AntWeb), mesosoma in lateral view with anterior to the right. (6'-1) †G. spiralis holotype, JZC-Bu222 (P. Barden, AntWeb), mesosoma in lateral, anterodorsally oblique view, with anterior to the left.
Figure 2 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 2. Volume renders of the pupa and two of the adult specimens. The black arrows indicate the subpetiolar process, while the white arrows indicate the prora. A–C, lateral view. D–F, dorsal view. G–I, ventral view. J–L, facial view. A, D, G, J. the pupa of †G. gracilis. B, E, H, K, the adult of †G. gracilis. C, F, I, L, the holotype of †G. sternorhabda sp. nov.. Abbreviations: AIII–VII, third through seventh abdominal segments; AIIIas, anterior surface of third abdominal segment; AIIIps, posterior surface of third abdominal segment; ce, compound eye; cl, clypeus; fc, frontal carina; lbr, labrum; md, mandible; msn, mesonotum; mspl, lower mesopectal region; mspu, upper mesopectal region; mtn, metanotum; oc, ocellus; pd, pedicel; pnt, pronotum; ppd, propodeum; pst, prosternum; pt, petiole; sc, scape.
Figure 10 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 10. Features hidden by appendages, including artefacts caused by close proximity of limbs. †Gerontoformica gracilis: A, B, D, adult, CASENT0741232; C, pupa (CASENT0741231). A, C, mesosoma in lateral view with the legs distal to the coxae digitally removed, with the exception of the fore leg of (C), which is not cropped from the render. B, D, head in facial view with the scapes digitally rendered (B) and removed (D). Abbreviations: mspa, mesopectal artefact; sca, scapal artefact.
Figure 9 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 9. Exceptional soft tissue preservation. The adult specimen of †G. gracilis displays exceptional preservation of soft tissues, including identifiable neuropils (A), countable glomeruli of the antennal lobe (A'), the digestive tract, glands, and muscle (B), down to the scale of individual muscular cross-striations (B').
Figure 6 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 6. Details of the pronota and metapleural glands of †Gerontoformica. A, B, fluorescent light microscopy; C–G, standard photomicroscopy. A, B, †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. paratype (UFV-LABECOL-009656). C, †G. pilosa (ANTWEB1038931). D, †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. non-type (JWJ-BU21). E, F, †G. gracilis holotype (JZC-Bu324A). G, †G. near or conspecific with gracilis (ANTWEB1032649). Abbreviations: msnttc, transverse carina of mesonotum; mtplglb, metapleural gland bulla; mtplgldf, metapleural gland dorsal flange; mtplglvf, metapleural gland ventral flange; mtvlc, ventrolateral carina of metathorax; mtntsp, metanotal spiracle; mtnt, metanotum; pntl, pronotal lobe; pntfl, lateral pronotal flange; pntfm, medial pronotal flange; ppdsf, anterior flange of propodeal spiracle; ppl, propleuron; pt, petiole.
Figure 12. Couplet 2 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 12. Couplet 2: subpetiolar process long and narrow (2-1) or short and wide (2'-1); abdominal segment IV with weak (2-3) or strong (2'-3) constriction; and pretarsal claw subapical teeth strongly reduced (2-4) or well developed (2'-4). (2-1, 2-4) †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. paratype, UFV-LABECOL-009656, petiole in lateral view (2-1) and pretarsal claw in distal oblique view (2-4). (2'-1) †G. pilosa ANTWEB1038931 (M. Baldi, AntWeb), petiole in dorsolateral oblique view. (2-3) †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. paratype, CASENT0741234, metasoma in dorsolateral oblique view. (2'-3) †G. pilosa holotype, JZC-Bu225 (P. Barden, AntWeb), metasoma in profile view. (2'-4) †G. pilosa species group indet., ANTWEB1041010 (J. Chaul, AntWeb), pretarsal claw in distal oblique view.
Figure 11. Couplet 1 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 11. Couplet 1: mesonotum with (1-1) or without (1'-1) transverse ridge; abdominal segment IV with (1-2) or without (1'-2) cinctus; prora large (1-3) or small (1'-3). (1-1) †G. ufv-05, ANTWEB103848 (J. Chaul, AntWeb), mesosoma in profile view. (1'-1, 1'-3) †G. indet., JWJ-Bu19 (V. Perrichot, AntWeb), mesosoma in profile view. (1-2) †G. sternorhabda sp. nov. paratype, UFV-LABECOL-009656, metasoma in ventrolateral view. (1'-2) †G. gracilis, CASENT0741232, metasoma in lateral view. (1-3) †G. pilosa holotype, JZC-Bu225 (P. Barden, AntWeb), anterior metasoma in profile view.
Figure 15. Couplet 5 in Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of †Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 15. Couplet 5: petiolar tergum taller than long (5-1) or longer than tall (5'-1). (5-1) †G. occidentalis paratype, MNHN-A30166 (V. Perrichot, AntWeb), petiole in dorsolateral oblique view. (5'-1) †G. subcuspis holotype, JZC-Bu304 (P. Barden, AntWeb), petiole in lateral view.
Queen-worker conflict can drive the evolution of social polymorphism and split sex ratios in facultatively eusocial life-cycles
<p>Hamilton's idea that haplodiploidy favors the evolution of altruism – the haplodiploidy hypothesis -- relies on the relatedness asymmetry between the sexes, caused by the sex-specific ploidies. Theoretical work on the consequences of relatedness asymmetries has significantly improved our understanding of sex-allocation and intra-colony conflicts, but the importance of haplodiploidy for the evolution of altruism came to be seen as minor. However, recently it was shown that haplodiploidy can strongly favor the evolution of eusociality, provided additional "preadaptations" are also present, such as the production of multiple broods per season and maternal ability to bias offspring sex ratios. These results were obtained assuming no influence of workers on the sex ratio, even though worker control of the sex ratio is known to occur. Here we model the evolution of sex-specific fratricide as a mechanism of worker control over the sex ratio. We show that fratricide can facilitate the initial evolution of helping. However, fratricide can also hamper the evolution of unconditional help. Instead, social polymorphism evolves, a mixture of helping and dispersing offspring. Finally, we show that the co-evolution of sex-allocation strategies of workers (fratricide) and queens leads to a split production of the sexes, with some colonies specializing in males and others in females. Thus, the model predicts that fratricide spawns a diversity of co-existing life cycles that strongly vary in degree of sociality and sex ratios.</p>
Data for: Spontaneous choices for insect-pollinated flower shapes by wild non-eusocial halictid bees
<p>The majority of angiosperms require animal pollination for reproduction and insects are the dominant group of animal pollinators. Bees are considered one of the most important and abundant insect pollinators. Research into bee behaviour and foraging decisions has typically centred on managed eusocial bee species, <i>Apis mellifera</i> and <i>Bombus terrestris</i>. Non-eusocial bees are understudied with respect to foraging strategies and decision-making, such as flower preferences. Understanding whether there are fundamental foraging strategies and preferences which are features of insect groups can provide key insights into the evolution of flower-pollinator co-evolution. In the current study, <i>Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) lanarium</i> and <i>L. </i>(<i>Parasphecodes</i>) sp., two native Australian generalist halictid bees, were tested for flower shape preferences between native insect-pollinated and bird-pollinated flowers. Each bee was presented with achromatic images of either insect-pollinated or bird-pollinated flowers in a circular arena. Both native bee species<b> </b>demonstrated a significant preference for images of insect-pollinated flowers. These preferences are similar to those found in <i>A. mellifera</i>, suggesting that flower shape preference may be a deep-rooted evolutionary occurrence within bees. With growing interest in the sensory capabilities of non-eusocial bees as alternative pollinators, the current study also provides a valuable framework for further behavioural testing of such species.</p>
Figure 1 in Behavioural and morphological dimorphism of the sexes: an account of two primitively eusocial wasps
Figure 1. Body size of R. marginata and R. cyathiformis males and females plotted in a twodimensional principal component space.
Figure 3 in Behavioural and morphological dimorphism of the sexes: an account of two primitively eusocial wasps
Figure 3. Comparison of R. marginata and R. cyathiformis males and females for eight behaviours: (a) sit and groom (SG), (b) away from nest (FG), (c) feeding (FE), (d) feeding larvae (FL), (e) solicit, (f) being solicited (SS), (g) dominance behaviour (DB) and (h) subordinate behaviour. Letters represent comparison across sex within species; numbers represent comparison within sex across species. Bars carrying different letters/numbers are significantly different from each other (Mann–Whitney U test, p <0.05; please see supplementary table S1 for detailed statistical results).
Figure 2 in Behavioural and morphological dimorphism of the sexes: an account of two primitively eusocial wasps
Figure 2. Dry body weight of R. marginata and R. cyathiformis males and females. Bars carrying different letters are significantly different from each other (t-test, p <0.05).
Figure 5 in Behavioural and morphological dimorphism of the sexes: an account of two primitively eusocial wasps
Figure 5. Behavioural dendrograms of R. marginata and R. cyathiformis based on the Morisita– Horn index of beta diversity. The indices were calculated for each pair of groups based on frequency of or proportion of time spent in (a) individual behaviours and (b) interaction-based behaviours.
Figure 2 in Natural history and behaviour of the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): a comparison of the two sexes
Figure 2. Comparison of residence time of Ropalidia marginata males and females. Note: Different letters on the bars signify they are statistically different from each other (t-test, p <0.05).
Figure 1 in Natural history and behaviour of the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): a comparison of the two sexes
Figure 1. Average number of Ropalidia marginata nests observed (upper panel) and average proportion of males observed (lower panel) every two months over three years.
Figure 5 in Natural history and behaviour of the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): a comparison of the two sexes
Figure 5. Comparison of feed self (FE); feed larva (FL); solicit (SC); being solicited (SS); dominance behaviour (DB); and subordinate behaviour (S–) of males and young females in Ropalidia marginata. Note: Bars carrying different letters are significantly different from each other (Mann–Whitney U-test, p <0.007).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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